Abalimi abaningi nabalimi balwakha izindlu zokugcina izithombo emasimini abo. Lokhu kwandisa amandla abo okukhula ngemikhiqizo enempilo, nemvelo enobungane. Imifino nezithelo zingatholakala unyaka wonke. Into esemqoka ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi kahle, khetha izinto ezinhle zokwakha, ukwakha, uku-oda noma ukuthenga ukwakhiwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Hlobo luni lwezindlu zokugcina izithombo olukhona? Ngabe amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene afanele ngaziphi izinhloso? Sinikeza ukuqhathanisa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo zemiklamo ehlukahlukene: izinzuzo nezinzuzo, ikakhulukazi ukufakwa, ukusebenza.
Izithombo zokugcina izithombo zePolycarbonate, eziqala ukuthandwa kakhulu futhi zifunwa, zifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ukulahlwa kokusetshenziswa kwengilazi nefilimu kuthanda i-polycarbonate evunyelwe ukwenza ngcono ukwakhiwa nokukhulisa amaphrojekthi amasha. Benza izithombo zokugcina izithombo zisebenze kangcono, futhi ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kuya kuba lula ngokwengeziwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenxa yokubonga okungafani nezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezintsha - ukukhanya, amandla, ukuguquguquka kanye nokufakwa okuhle kwe-thermal.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nengilazi, i-polycarbonate ilula kakhulu futhi inamandla, kulula ukuyifaka. Ukusuka kulo ungakha izithombo zokuma ezimile kanye nezeselula yanoma yiluphi uhlobo.
Eminye yemiklamo ethandwa kakhulu yindawo yokubamba ukushisa ngendlela yendlu. Lolu hlobo lwathandwa iminyaka eminingi, kuze kube yilapho kancane kancane lwaluthathelwa indawo yizindawo zokugcina izithombo zomnotho ezakhiwe ngokwezomnotho. Ububi bomklamo bungabhekwa njengokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezinto zokwakha, futhi izinzuzo zifaka umthamo omkhulu wangaphakathi kanye nokunakekelwa kalula kwezitshalo
Izinhlobo nemiklamo yezindlu zokugcina izithombo
Kukhona izindlu zokugcina izithombo ezihlukile futhi eduze kwezakhiwo. Uma konke kucace ngohlobo lokuqala, khona-ke owesibili usho ukuthi olunye lwezindonga zesakhiwo sokuhlala noma sokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo lusetshenziswa njengesakhiwo esisekelayo se-greenhouse. Ngokuvamile, izindlu zokugcina izithombo ziyafudumeza futhi zisetshenziswe ngenkathi ebusika.
Ngokungeziwe kumiklamo ejwayelekile, izingadi zokugcina imvelo ezingavinjelwe ngokomnotho nezisebenza kahle eziseduze kwezindlu ziya ngokuthandwa. Umqondo wokuhlela imifino ebusika uyathakazelisa kakhulu. Kunezindlela eziningi. Enye edume kakhulu yi-Ivanov Vegetarian. Lokhu kuluhlaza okwenziwe nge-polycarbonate okwakhiwe endaweni ethambekele kuyo, lapho udonga lwendlu lusetshenziswa hhayi njengesakhiwo sokwakha, kepha futhi njengesikrini esibonisa ukukhanya kwelanga.
Uphahla olushelelayo lwezimila zelanga le-Ivanov lwakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi imisebe yelanga iwele phansi ekhoneni elingakwesokudla futhi icishe ingakhombisi. Ngenxa yalokhu, izitshalo zithola ukushisa nokukhanya okuphindwe kane. Wonke amandla aya ekukhanyiseni nasekufudumiseni okushisa okuluhlaza
Abasebenza ngemifino sebevele babizwa ngokuthi ngamagadango wesizukulwane esisha. Lo mklamo ukusungulwa kothisha we-physics wesikole ojwayelekile, kepha ungcono kunabanye abaningi ngezimo zethu zezulu. Kubukeka sengathi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezimila ezinelanga ze-Ivanov, ungabuka ividiyo. Umnikazi ukhuluma ngezici zezitshalo ezikhulayo kule ndawo ebamba ukushisa:
Ngokuphawuleka ikakhulukazi yimiklamo yezindawo zokugcina izithombo zodwa eziluhlaza. Ezinye zalezi zinhlelo zingenziwa ezakhiweni eziseduze kwendlu. Into esemqoka ukuthola izidingo zakho, amakhono akho bese uthola ukuthi ungayibeka kanjani indawo abamba ukushisa kuyo, ukubala kahle indawo. Imiklamo ethandwa kakhulu:
- ngezindonga eziqonde mpo (zibizwa nangokuthi ama-greenhouse), "izindlu" zokufana kwazo zangaphandle njengezakhiwo zokuhlala);
- ngesimo se-lancet arch (elinye igama - izithombo zokugcina izithombo ezingama-arched);
- ngezindonga ezinenkani (okuvame kakhulu kunokwakheka kwezinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala);
- nophahla lwe-attic (izindlu zokugcina izithombo zakhiwe ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Dutch hay barn).
Kukhona zokugcina izithombo zasebusika kanye entwasahlobo. Ngaphandle kwegama elithi "ukukhuluma", "intwasahlobo" kusho izindlu zokugcina izithombo ezisetshenziswa kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuLwezi. Ubusika empeleni budinga ukufudumeza. Ngokuhamba, izakhiwo kanye nezinhlaka zeselula ziyahlukaniswa. Izitshalo zibekwa emashalofini nasezindleleni ezingenamakhawulo. Futhi ekutshaleni kwabo, kusetshenziswa izindlela zomhlabathi nezingenamhlabathi (aero, hydroponic).
Lesi sithombe sikhombisa ukwakheka kwesikebhe semifino yasebusika yaseChinese eklanywe kahle, eguqulwe ukuze isetshenziswe ekuthambekeni kwethu. Umsebenzi womakhi ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza zokushisa indlu ngaphandle kokulimaza izitshalo. Uhlangothi olubanzi lwezimila lubhekiswe eningizimu. Ngokungafani nezinye izakhiwo zalolu hlobo, lena yakhelwe ngaphandle kokubheka ukubekwa kwamapayipi emhlabathini. Ukushisa kuzonikezwa yi-compact wood boiler
Ukugcina izithombo zokugcina ubusika kusebenza unyaka wonke. Zinhle ngokutshala imifino ngezinhloso zomuntu nezentengiso. Udaba lokushisa lingaxazululwa ngezindlela ezihlukile: Bafaka ama-boilers, izakhiwo, ama-radiator. Umnikazi ngamunye ukhetha inketho engabizi kakhulu futhi efanelekayo ngokwakhe. Ukugcina izithombo zokugcina ubusika kungaba yodwa noma eduze nezinye izakhiwo
Inketho # 1 - "indlu" enodonga olubheke phezulu
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezindlu zokugcina izithombo, "indlu" isewumklamo ojwayelekile kunakuqala, ngaphandle kokuvela kokuguqulwa okusha okusebenzayo. Isizathu salokhu kuthandwa kulula futhi okuhlukahlukene kwezinto design. Luyifreyimu esesimweni sendlu, ophahla phezu kwayo. Izindonga zakhiwa cishe ngamamitha ayi-1.5 ukuphakama kusuka emhlabathini, uhlahla lwamaphahla lubekwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1.8-2.4. Ngenxa yalolu lungiselelo lwegreenhouse, umnikazi akudingeki agobise ikhanda lakhe ngenkathi enakekela izitshalo, futhi nokutshala kungahlelelwa emashalofini, kukhona indawo eyanele.
Uhlaka lwe "ndlu" eluhlaza okomhlaba luyakhazimula noma luvaliwe nge-polycarbonate yeselula. Ungaqinisa ifilimu. Uphahla lwe-gable luyinzuzo enkulu, njengoba iqhwa alihlali emathambekeni othambekele futhi liwele phansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, umthwalo owengeziwe ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zesakhiwo awakhiwa. Izinzuzo zegreenhouse azihlali zinxephezela ukungahambi kahle - izindleko eziphakeme, ubunzima bezokwakha kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokushisa okwenzeka odongeni olusenyakatho. Kunconywa ukwengeza ukufaka ama-paneli, kepha lokhu futhi kuholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme kakhulu zokuhlelwa.
Inketho ye-greenhouse enodonga olubheke phezulu inenzuzo enkulu kulabo abanikazi bezindawo abangakwazi ukuhlanganisa isakhiwo ngezandla zabo. Enye yezindlela ezithandwayo zokunciphisa izindleko zokwakha ukusebenzisa amafreyimu amadala wefasitela wokosa ifreyimu nokufaka isisekelo esilula sezingodo njengesisekelo. Usebenzisa ifilimu leplastiki akunakuthathwa njengendlela enhle yokusindisa, ngoba okuqukethwe uqobo kungokwesikhashana futhi kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kunamandla ingilazi, ikakhulukazi i-polycarbonate.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-polycarbonate kuhlinzekwe kwahlukaniswa. Ihlanganiswe futhi yafakwa vele kusayithi. Umthengi angakhetha inani elifunekayo lezigaba ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezitshalo ahlose ukuzikhulisa. Ukuze ulondoloze i-microclimate entofontofo, abamba ukushisa kufakwe iwindi. Lapho ufaka isakhiwo, ungasilungisa ngokumba emhlabathini izisekelo ezifakiwe kukiti, kepha isitini ngisho nesisekelo sokhuni sithembeke kakhulu
Inketho # 2 - izakhiwo ezakhiwe
I-greenhouse ngesimo se-lancet arch isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ububi bayo obukhulu ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuklama nokuhlangana ngezandla zakho, ngokungafani nendlu "yendabuko". Kuvela ubunzima lapho kugobeka insimbi yohlaka, futhi lapho seluhlukaniswe. I-Glass ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngoba ayigobi, ngakho-ke izinto ezitholakalayo zingamafilimu ne-polycarbonate.
Ezimweni eziningi, izithombo zokugcina izithombo zakhiwe zenziwa zalungela. Lokhu kuthenga okubizayo, kepha kunobulungiswa, ngoba umnikazi uthola ifomu elisebenzayo ukwedlula "indlu".
Ukwakha i-arched greenhouse ngokwakho ngokwakho kunzima, kepha kungenzeka. Ividiyo ichaza inqubo yokwakha i-arch enezingqimba zokhuni ngezandla zakho:
Izithombo zokugcina izithombo ezisetshenzisiwe zisetshenziswa kabanzi hhayi emizini yabalimi abaningi. Izakhiwo zezimboni zakha ngqo leli fomu. Zingasetshenziselwa ukutshala izitshalo, ukuhlunga, ukugcina kanye nokwenza. Konke kuncike ngosayizi nokwakheka kwesakhiwo. Iphrojekthi le ikhethwe ngokuya ngenombolo, uhlobo lwezitshalo, indlela yokutshala nendawo yazo.
Ukwakheka kwe-arched kukuvumela ukuthi wenze izithombo zokugcina izithombo eziphakeme kunemiklamo enodonga olubheke phezulu idinga. Bangcono bame imithwalo yomoya futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, vumela ukukhanya okwengeziwe egumbini.
I-greenhouse iyisakhiwo esingu-2 m ukuphakama nama-3 m ububanzi.U ubude buzonqunywa ngumnikazi uqobo, agxile kwizidingo zakhe. I-greenhouse yandiswa kusetshenziswa izigaba ezingeziwe. Kukhona iwindi ophahleni. Idizayini ihlinzeka ngezigaba ezikhethekile ezihlukanisa amasiko komunye nomunye. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukukhula ngesikhathi esifanayo izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo. Ukuguqulwa "Solar house T12" kuqiniswa ngenxa yesinyathelo esincane sama-arcs - 1 m
Ukungathandeki kwamahholo okugcina izithombo ngendlela ye-lancet arch kufaka ingozi engaba khona yokuqhekeka ophahleni ngesikhathi seqhwa elinamandla. Isithwathwa kwesinye isikhathi kufanele sihlanzwe ngesandla, njengoba lithe chithi saka limbi kakhulu kunokuvela ophahleni lwegable le "ndlu". Uma ungqimba lukhulu kakhulu, uphahla kungenzeka lungabekezeleli.
Kukhona nemikhawulo ekwakhiweni kwendawo yangaphakathi. Kunzima ukubeka amashalofu, ama-racks, njll ku-greenhouse eyi-arched. Lapho unakekela izitshalo, umnikazi akahlali elula. Zonke lezi yizinkinga ezingaxazululeki, kepha uma ukhetha phakathi kwe-arch ne "ndlu" kufanelekile ukukala zonke izinto, ucabangele ubunzima obunokwenzeka.
Kokugcina izithombo zokugcina eziqothuliwe, uchungechunge lweSolar House neTsar's House lithandwa kakhulu. Izici zomklamo ze "Royal House" zivezwe kuvidiyo:
Inketho # 3 - i-greenhouse enezindonga ezingamanzi
Izindlu zokugcina izithombo ezinezindonga ezisethangeni zibonisa izakhiwo ezibukeka njengezindlu "ezijwayelekile" ngokubukeka, kanye nama-arches ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kwangempela. Kulezo zindlu zokugcina izithombo ezinjalo, izindonga zifakwa ngokuthambekela ngaphakathi nge-engela encane. Ngenxa yalokhu, isisekelo siyanda, njengaku-arch, esinikeza isikhala esengeziwe sokuhlelwa kwemibhede. Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo kungaba ngaphansana kwalokho "kwendlu".
Inzuzo engenakuphikwa yephrojekthi enjalo yithuba lokwakha i-greenhouse ngezandla zakho ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezikhethekile, ngoba akudingeki ukuthi ugobe uhlaka. Ingilazi ingasetjenziswa ukwenza i-cladding, incl. futhi isetshenzisiwe. Ngokuvamile sebenzisa i-polycarbonate, ifilimu. Enye inzuzo uphahla lwe-gable "lokuzihlanza". Kungakhathaleki ukuthi lakhiwe kanjani uphahla, kungcono ukufaka iwindi lokufaka umoya omncane kanye nomswakama okhulayo. Ububi bokwakhiwa yimikhawulo lapho kufakwa amashalofu eceleni kwezindonga ngenxa yokuthambekela.
Lapho ubala izithombo zokugcina izindonga ngezindonga ezishonisa phansi, kufanele unake ukuqina kwemithambeka yophahla. Uma i-angle ikhethwe ngokungalungile noma umoya omncane unganikezwanga, khona-ke umoya omswakama unganqwabelana ngaphansi kophahla, okuholela ekuphindaphindweni kwama-microorganisms, isikhunta, isikhunta, ama-mosses. Le “ndawo” ingalimaza kakhulu impilo yezitshalo
Inketho # 4 - i-greenhouse enophahla lwe-attic
Isakhiwo esinophahla lwe-attic luhlobo lokushisa okuluhlaza okwenziwe ngodonga oluqondile, noma kunjalo, esikhundleni sophahla lwe-gable, kufakwa i-attic. Ubhekana nemithwalo ngokuphelele, iqhwa alihlali kuye.
Uphahla lwe-attic lunikeza isikhala esithe xaxa ngaphezulu kwekhanda uma liqhathaniswa ne-arched. Azikho ezinye izinto, uma kungenjalo ama-greenhouse makhaya anezinzuzo ezifanayo nobunzima njengezakhiwo zendabuko ezinophahla lwe-gable. Amashalofu kanye nama-racks okutshala izitshalo ezinama-multi-tiered angabekwa ezindongeni.
Lapho uthatha isinqumo esakhiweni sophahla, kufanele ucabangisise kahle ngokuthi iyiphi design ezoba kahle. Uphahla lwe-mansard lubukeka lunenzuzo, kepha ezimweni eziningi aludingekile. Kodwa ukwakhiwa kudinga ukubalwa okwengeziwe, ukukhuphuka kwenani lezinto zokwakha. Umnikazi kufanele aqiniseke ukuthi lezi zindleko zizokhokha.
Yikuphi ukuklanywa kokugcina ukushisa okungcono?
Izinhlobo ezichaziwe zokugcina amagadi zitholakala kaningi, kepha ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene akunqunyelwe kuzo. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezinzuzo zalo, inhloso, izici. Lapho ukhetha ukwakheka, ukwakheka, izinto zokwakha, udinga ukucabanga ngezinto eziningi. Sinikeza ukubuyekezwa kwevidiyo okunemininingwane kusuka kuchwepheshe. Ukuqhathanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezinto zokwakha izingadi zokugcina izithombo kuzosiza ekunqumeni ukukhetha okuklanyiwe:
Uma ngabe usuqhathanise nezindawo zokugcina izithombo zemiklamo ehlukahlukene futhi ukhethe okuyiyona, ungaqala ukusesha. Imfihlo encane kubathengisi: isidingo sezindawo zokugcina izithombo ziphezulu entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngakho ebusika zingathengwa ngesaphulelo.
Lapho uthenga, ungathembi abameli nabathengisi, zama ukuthenga abamba ukushisa ngokuqondile kumenzi. Qiniseka ukuthi ufunda imibhalo yobuchwepheshe, hlola ukucushwa kwemodeli yoku-odwa. Ngokunamathela kulezi zincomo ezilula, ukhulisa amathuba akho wokuthenga i-greenhouse esezingeni elizokujabulisa ngemifino entsha nezithelo iminyaka eminingi.
