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Izitshalo

Ukukhula beet emhlabathini ovulekile futhi abamba ukushisa

AmaBets - esinye sezilimo eziphambili ensimini nasengadini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kulula kakhulu ukukulima unyaka wonke kanye nezinye izilimo zemifino. Amanye ama-nuances ale nqubo azosiza ukufeza isivuno esihle semifino.

Incazelo yezitshalo

Uhlobo lwesitshalo se-rhizome herbaceous somndeni wama-Amaranthaceae wezinhlosi zezilwane zasendle ezingaphezu kwezi-10 zasendle nezinhlobo ezi-2. Iqabunga le-beet elihlanyelwe kanye nejwayelekile (impande). Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ifolishi, ushukela kanye nama-beets etafula ziyizinhlobo zezinhlobo zakamuva.

Ithebula (imifino) ama-beet ajwayelekile kakhulu

IBeetroot ingeyamasiko yeminyaka emibili, yize itshalwa njengesitshalo seminyaka emibili kuphela ezifundeni eziseningizimu, lapho isitshalo sezimpande singabandi khona ebusika. Amaqabunga ayisisekelo wesitshalo makhulu impela, ububanzi, abuluhlaza. Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, kwakhiwa izitshalo zezimpande, okuthi esigabeni sokuvuthwa kuvame ukuphuma ngaphezulu komhlaba. I-pulp yabo iqukethe izinto eziningi ezizuzisayo. Ama-petioles, amaqabunga kanye ne-beet pulp eza ezinhlobonhlobo zemithunzi eluhlaza okotshani obomvu nobubomvu.

Muva nje, izinhlobo eziningi ezinomjikelezo oyindilinga nxazonke, oval, cylindrical, elongated-conical, nezimpande ezimise okwenziwe ngesilonda ziye zafuzwa.

Izimbali zivame ukuvela ngonyaka wesi-2 (kwesinye isikhathi ku-1) kuma-axils amaqabunga amancane esiqwini esinamandla esinamandla, sifinyelela ukuphakama okufika kumamitha ayi-1. Ama-blogs amhlophe aluhlaza aqoqwa ezindlebeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ekwesabeni ngakunye kwe-inflorescence - izimbali ezi-2-5 ezingalingani nge-perianth elula. Ngokuya kwesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ukuqhakaza kwenzeka ekuqaleni noma ekupheleni kwehlobo. Futhi ngo-Agasti-Septhemba sekuvele kungenzeka ukuqoqa izithelo ngesimo samantongomane acindezelwe, ngayinye yazo imbewu engu-3-5.

Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, iziqu zebhungane ziyavela ezihlahleni, emgomeni ngamunye wefreyimu eyi-glomerulus engu-3-5

Isicelo nezinzuzo

IBeetroot yayisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokudla ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-2 yeminyaka BC kwamanye amazwe asempumalanga. Kamuva, leli siko laba elibalulekile eYurophu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi vele eKievan Rus, ama-beet ayetshalwe njengesitshalo esiyimpande. Namuhla, le mifino isinezimpande kuzo zonke izindawo zomhlaba.

I-Russia, i-Belarus ne-Ukraine abaholi bomhlaba ekukhuleni kwezithombo zezinyosi.

Isaladi yeBeetroot inconyelwa izifo ezinomkhuhlane wegazi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nesibindi.

Ama-beet abilisiwe futhi abhakwe asungulwe kahle ekudleni ekwelapheni i-scurvy, gallstone nesifo sezinso sezinso, isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-anemia. Inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yamaminerali, amavithamini, i-fiber equkethwe kulesi sitshalo isiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi ebuchosheni, ukugaya, kanye nokuqinisa amasosha omzimba. Ama-beet asetshenziswa ngendlela entsha futhi ecubungulwayo yezifo zenhliziyo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, kunconywa ukusebenzisa njenge-laxative emnene yezingane kanye nabantu abadala, ikhambi elisebenzayo le-spastic colitis kanye ne-rhinitis engapheli. Amaqabunga amasha ahlukaniselwe nemifino yezimpande kusiza ekwelapheni izifo zesikhumba: ukusha, izilonda, amathumba.

Ijusi yalemifino inamandla akhethekile okuphulukisa. Kuyasiza ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile ekwelapheni i-anemia, i-neurosis, i-hypertension, i-atherosulinosis. Kepha kunconyelwa kakhulu ukuthi ungayiniki izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6.

Ukukhula izithombo zezithombo

Ngokutshala izithombo zezithombo, ungathola isivuno emavikini ambalwa edlule. Imvamisa kuphela izinhlobo zezithombo zamabhungane ezisetshenziselwa izithombo ukuze sithole imifino evithamini etafuleni ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kwenziwa emavikini angama-3-4 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo.

Izimo ezikhulayo

Okokuhlwanyelwa, kukhethwe nzalo enobume obuyindilinga bezilimo zezimpande futhi eziyamelana nokudubula:

  • Ifulethi laseGibhithe,
  • I-Bordeaux 237,
  • Detroit
  • Cold ukumelana 19.

Amahlumela walezi zinhlobonhlobo anezimpande ezimfushane, okunomthelela ekusindeni okungcono ngemuva kokuntywila. Izithombo zeBeet zikhula ngokuphelele ekushiseni kwe-16ºC, zifuna umswakama wenhlabathi, zidinga ukufakwa umoya.

Ukutshala izithombo

Inhlabathi yezithombo zezithombo zebhung ithengwe kangcono indawo yonke. Ukwengezwa kuka-250 ml wokhuni lomlotha kumalitha ayi-10 wokuxubana kwenhlabathi kuzosebenza njengomanyolo omuhle wokuhluma kwe-beetroot. Izitsha ezilungiselelwe zigcwele inhlabathi futhi zihlanganiswa kahle, zithambile, zichithwe ngesisombululo semanzi se-fungicides Maxim, Fitosporin (ngokwemiyalo) ukuvikela izithombo kusuka "emilenzeni emnyama" ngokuzayo.

Imbewu ehlwanyelwe ngesimo esomile noma esevele ihlumile, ngaphambili eyayigxishwe kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate futhi ineminyaka engu-izinsukwana ngendwangu ethambile yekotini. Indlela yesibili ikuvumela ukuthi ususe ngokushesha imbewu esezingeni eliphansi elingakashisi.

Imbewu yeBeet ingahluma ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela

Njengesitsha sezithombo sebenzisa amabhokisi, izinkomishi zepulasitiki. Uma kune-seedling encane futhi ingathathi isikhala esiningi efasiteleni, kulula kakhulu ukuyikhulisa ngamakhasethi enzelwa eyenziwe ekhaya noma enziwe ekhaya, amabhodwe we-peat.

Izithombo zeBeetroot zisebenzisa iziqukathi zepulasitiki

Imbewu ibekwa ngaphandle futhi imbozwe ngenhlabathi 1-2 cm, iboshwe ngepulangwe, izitshalo eziniselwe. Izitsha zimbozwe ngengilazi noma ngesimbozo sepulasitiki futhi zibekwe endaweni efudumele nenokhanyayo. Ngaphambi kokuvela, kuyathandeka ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomoya elingu-18-20 ° C. Ngokuzayo, yehliselwa ku-16 ° C.

Indawo ekahle yezithombo ngemuva kokuvela inguluhlaza.

Ukunakekela izithombo

Izithombo zeBeet ziniselwa izikhathi ezi-2 ngeviki, emva kwalokho inhlabathi idedelwa ngobunono ngenduku ukuvimba ukwakheka kokukhula. Emhlabathini osezingeni eliphakeme, sekuvele kukhona zonke izinto ezidingekayo ekwakheni amahlumela. Ukuze ukhule kangcono, yenza ukugqoka okukodwa okuphezulu ngamanyolo ngesisekelo sezimbiwa: Ukukhula, Izithombo, Imifino noma umanyolo wohlobo lweKrepysh, iSotka, uFertika (ngokwemiyalo).

Izithombo zeBeet ziniselwa izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto.

Khetha

I-glomerulus ngayinye yembewu yesithombo iqukethe imbewu engu 2-7, ngakho-ke, izithombo zidinga ukuncipha nokukha. Izithombo ezihlwanyelwe izinkomishi, amakhasethi, nezinye iziqongo ezikhulu kungenza ngaphandle kokukhetha. Ebhokisini, lapho kuqala amaqabunga e-cotyledonous, izithombo kufanele zinqunywe. Uma kuhlelwa ukusebenzisa izitshalo ezisusiwe ngaphezulu njengezinto zokutshala, zonda ngokucophelela, khipha amahlumela kanye nomhlabathi ngesipuni esikhethekile ukuze ungalimazi izimpande.

Izithombo ezi-dive ziyaniselwa futhi zitshaleke emhlabathini ofanayo nokutshala.

Lapho kuvela amaqabunga e-cotyledon wokuqala, izithombo zebhungane kufanele zinwetshwe bese zishawa

Ukutshala izithombo

Lapho uqala ukutshala izithombo, cabanga ngombuso wokushisa: inhlabathi kumele ifudumale ibe ngu-8-10ºC, nomoya - ufike ku-16ºC. Kungcono ukulinda kuze kudlule usongo lokuthi ngabe ama-friji abuyela emuva entwasahlobo asedlulile.

Zama ukungavumeli izithombo ukuba ziphume. Izimpande zayo ezinde azonakalisiwe futhi izitshalo ezilandelwayo ezingaphansi kwazo zitholakala kuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombo ezinjalo ziba zimbi kakhulu. Inkomba yokulungela ukutshala ubukhona bezinhlamvu ezingama-3-5 zangempela kuzithombo. Izithombo zisuswa ngokucophelela kanye nangomhlaba ngenduku ekhethekile. Uma umgogodla ungenalutho, ugcotshwe ku-mullein nobumba (1: 1).

Izithombo zeBeetroot zisuswa ngokucophelela kanye nomhlabathi ngenduku ekhethekile futhi zidluliselwe engadini.

Indawo yama-beet kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle yilanga, ngoba emthunzini izitshalo zinwetshisiwe, izitshalo zezimpande azikhuli ngendlela evamile. Indawo ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili, okungcono ekwindla. Bamba umhlabathi ube ngu-30 cm okujulile bese uwafaka njengomanyolo (3 kg / m2), Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi (40-50 g / m2), umlotha wezinkuni (300 g / m2).

Baqala ukufika ebusuku, bakhethe usuku olunamafu. Ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo okungenani li-8 cm, ukujula kwazo kufanele kuhambisane nobude bezimpande. Wells moisturize (250 ml wamanzi), beka izitshalo, uzama ukungagobisi izimpande; fafaza umhlaba, uphambanise inhlabathi. Phakathi kwemigqa shiya u-25-30 cm.

Ngokwandisa ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo, ungafinyelela izilimo ezinkulu zezimpande, kepha hhayi ikhwalithi yazo. Imifino engcolile yobukhulu obuphakathi ibhekwa njengeyinambitheka ngokwengeziwe, imnandi futhi ijusi.

Izitshalo ezitshaliwe ngeke zivelelwe yilanga uma zitshalwe izinsuku eziningana ngento esembozo.

Ukunisela

Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo ziniselwa nsuku zonke kuze kube ukuthi amahlumela akhula kahle. Ukunisela okunye kuyenziwa ngokuya ngezimo zezulu izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngesizini. Ukushiya okugezwe kahle futhi kuqabule, kungcono ukufafaza. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho baluleka ngokusebenzisa amanzi ngokufakwa kukasawoti wethebula (1 tbsp. / 10 l) ukuchelela, okwandisa ukwanda kweshukela kwama-beet futhi kuvikele amaqabunga ezinambuzaneni eziningi eziyingozi.

Ngomhlaka 1 m2 sebenzisa amalitha angama-20 amanzi. Umswakama owengeziwe uyingozi kakhulu kunesomiso esifushane. Zama ukuvikela umswakama ophezulu, onomthelela ekuthuthukiseni isikhunta. Ukukhululeka okulandelayo ngemuva kokunisela kuzovimbela ukubonakala kokuqhekeka kwenhlabathi.

Ukuze ugcine okungcono kokuqukethwe kanye noshukela wezitshalo zezimpande, kunconywa ukuthi uyeke ukuchelela amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna.

Ukufafaza kuhlanza bese kuqabula amaqabunga ebhungane

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

AmaBeet ayintandokazi enkulu yenhlabathi evundile. Kepha akufanele udlulise umanyolo nitrogen. Kwethulwa esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthuka kumthamo omncane. Ngokuzayo, ukwethulwa kwe-nitrogen kuyinto engathandeki, ngoba izoqongelela njenge-nitrate. Umanyolo ongcono kakhulu uzoba yizisombululo ze-mullein (1: 10) kanye nokudonsa kwezinyoni (1: 20).

Ukuze uketshezi lwezakhamzimba lungangenwa enhlabathini, izithombo ezincane zenziwa zibe ngu-5 cm kusuka ezitshalweni. Sebenzisa amalitha ayi-10-12 esisombululo kumamitha ayi-102. Lapho amahlamvu evaliwe ezitshalweni, angondliwa ngomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium.

Ngemuva kokuvala amaqabunga, ama-beet aduthwa ngomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium.

Umlotha wezinkuni uyakwazi ukugcwalisa ukuntuleka kwe-potassium enhlabathini. Sihlakazeke emibhedeni ebhungane (1.5 l / 10 m2) futhi kufanele iniselwe.

Ukuze ugweme izilimo ze-microus izimpande, ukugqoka phezulu kwe-foliar kwenziwa ngesisombululo esinamanzi se-boric acid (2 g / 10 l). Ungagcoba imifino nge-potassium usebenzisa ubisi we lime (200 g we lime / 10 l wamanzi). Ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwefoliar kuvumela isitshalo ukumunca futhi sithathe izinto ezidingekayo ngokushesha futhi ngenzuzo enkulu, kuvimbela umanyolo omanyolo.

Ukukhula beet emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukukhula beet emhlabathini ovulekile kungamandla ngisho nesiqalo. Izitshalo ezihlwanyelwe ngokushesha engadini zikhula ngokushesha futhi ziyamelana nezimo zezulu.

Ihlolwa ngabalimi abaningi, indlela yokutshala ama-beet isemaphethelweni wegede eduze notamatisi, izaqathe, u-anyanisi negalikhi.

UBeetroot uzizwa emnandi emaphethelweni engadini eduze kwe-anyanisi, ugarlic, izaqathi

Ukuhlwanyela beet emhlabathini ovulekile

Kaningi, ama-beet ayihlwanyelwa entwasahlobo emazingeni okushisa enhlabathi ka-10 ° C. Imbewu isatshalaliswa endaweni eyisicaba nenomswakama ngesilinganiso esingu-2 g / m2, ulale ngomhlabathi ngo-2 cm futhi uyihlanganise ngokuqinile. Ukuhlwanyelela ubusika (ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba) kunobunzima obukhulu: benza ama-grooves ngokujula kuka-4 cm, izinga lokuhlwanyelwa lenyuka laya ku-3 g / m2, hlanganisa inhlabathi uvalwe, qiniseka ukuthi uyimboza ngezinto ezihlanganayo. Ibanga phakathi kwama-grooves kufanele okungenani libe ngu-20 cm.

Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, ama-beet ahlwanyelwa ngaphambi kobusika

Akudingeki ukuba cwilisa futhi imila imbewu ukuhlwanyelwa ebusika, ngoba kungaba iqhwa futhi hhayi ihlume.

Ukunakekelwa Kwezitshalo

Ukuze imbewu ikwazi ukudonsa ngokukhululeka, kufakwa izikhala zomugqa ngezintambo. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, imibhede iyahlulwa ukhula, iniselwe futhi ithambe izikhathi ezi-2. Ukuncipha ngokuncipha kungaholela ekwenzeni buthaka kwezithombo, ngakho-ke bazama ukukufeza ngokushesha okukhulu.

  1. Inqubo yokuqala enjalo yenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwepheshana lokuqala leqiniso, isuse amahlumela angeziwe bese ishiya ibanga phakathi kwezithombo ezingama-3-4 cm.
  2. Ngemuva kokuncipha kwesibili, ibanga landa laya ku-8-10 cm, izitshalo eziqine kakhulu zishiywe.

Ukulima njalo kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezilimo zezimpande.

Ukutshala njalo kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwezitshalo zezimpande, okwenza inhlabathi ibe semoyeni

Ukunisela nokugqoka okungaphezulu kuyafana nalapho kukhula izithombo. Maphakathi noJulayi, ama-beet ayihlwanyelwa okokugcina, kepha izilimo eziyizimpande ziba lincane kakhulu.

Landela imithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo! Abanduleli abakhulu bezimbotshana ama-isitshalo seqanda, u-anyanisi, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, izindunduma nezilimo. Akudingekile ukwakha imibhede ye-beet endaweni lapho kwakhula khona i-beet, iklabishi, amazambane kanye izaqathi.

Ividiyo: kanjani ukukhulisa beet

Khula ama-beetrohouse endaweni ebamba ukushisa

Ukukhula ngamabheji endaweni ebamba ukushisa kunezinzuzo zako: ukuthola izitshalo ezinzile unyaka wonke, ukuvikelwa okuthembekile ezinambuzaneni nasekutholeni ukunakekelwa kalula. Abalimi abanolwazi bayalwa ukuba bakhule ku greenhouse izinhlobo ezikhethekile bazivumelanisa nezimo abamba ukushisa. Phakathi kwazo kumiswe kahle:

  • Ataman
  • Bordeaux
  • Detroit
  • Boltardi
  • I-Burpiz Golden,
  • F1-Pablo,
  • Ibhola elibomvu
  • Cold ukumelana.

Ukulandelana kokusebenza kwezithombo ezikhulayo kubhede obamba ukushisa:

  1. Cabanga umbuso wokushisa (inhlabathi kufanele ifudumale ibe ngu-8-10mayelanaC, nomoya - kufinyelela ku-17mayelanaC) yenza ukukhanyisa okuhle ku-greenhouse.
  2. Ukutshala okusakhula ngokushesha kuzokhiqiza umhlabathi, kube yi-acidity. Ekulungele le nhloso ama-parsley, lwesinaphi, amasaladi.
  3. Ukuhlwanyelwa imbewu ngoFebhuwari-ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Izinga lokutshala mbewu liyafana nelomhlaba ovulekile.
  4. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga okuqala eqiniso, izithombo zinwetshwe ngobunono, zishiya ibanga phakathi kwezithombo ezingama-8-15 cm (ngokuya ngosayizi oyifunayo wezitshalo ezimpande).
  5. Yenza ukuhluza okulula amahlumela.
  6. Ngezinjongo zokuvimbela, izitshalo ziniselwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate.
  7. Ukuze ugweme ukuqina nokuqina kwezitshalo ezimpandeni, ukutshala kuvame ukuniselwa ngamanzi afudumele (okungenani angama-20mayelanaC) Ukunisela kufanele kube ngokulinganiselayo ukuze umswakama ophezulu ungabi nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezifo zokukhunta.
  8. Usuku ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, inhlabathi iyakhululwa, ukhula luyasuswa.
  9. Igumbi liyashihwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
  10. Imibhede eluhlaza okotshani ibiliswa ngomlotha wezinkuni (150 g / m2), okuyothi emva kwalokho bayoniselwa.

Ukhukhamba notamatisi bazoba omakhelwane abahle kakhulu beets ku greenhouse. Imigqa yale mifino ingashintshwa. Kuyinto engathandekiyo ukutshala upelepele, dill kanye nemidumba eduze.

Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwevithamini ngamaqabunga e-beet, athola amandla anele. Bayakhutshwa njengoba bekhula, bangama-2-3 esihlahleni ngasinye. Ukususwa ngokweqile kweziqongqwana kwenza buthaka ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimo zezimpande.

Amaqabunga e-beetroot amasha - isengezo esihle sokuxubha imifino eqandisiwe, amasaladi, amasobho

Ekupheleni okuphakathi kukaMeyi, sekuvele kungenzeka ukuqala ukuvuna i-dessert, izilimo ezincane zezimpande. Lapho kuvela ukuthi ama-yellowness amaqabunga aphansi futhi ukuthanda kwawo kufanele kuvunwe. Ukubambezeleka kungaholela ekubambeni (kwezimbali), futhi ukulahleka kwezithelo kuqinisekisiwe.

Izakhi zomzimba ezengeziwe, kunjalo, kubheki abasha abangaphekiwe. Ingagcinwa esiqandisini cishe amasonto ama-2, futhi isikhathi eside kunawo egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Ukudla ama-beet njalo kuvame ukuba yindawo yezifo zamagciwane ahlukahlukene nezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola inhlekelele ngesikhathi futhi ugijimele ukusindisa isivuno.

Abanjiwe

Ukutshala ama-beet njalo ngesikhathi endaweni efanayo kungaholela ekuqongeleleni ukutheleleka enhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-zoospores wesikhunta esiyingozi kwesinye isikhathi athela imbewu. Imvamisa, ukusakazeka kwamagciwane kwenzeka ngaphambi kwesigaba sokuthuthuka ekuhluma kwamaqabunga angama-4-5. Ukuvela kokubumba okumhlophe kuwuphawu lokuqala lomuntu odla izimpande.

Imbangela yalesi sifo amaqabunga asentwasahlobo, amaqaqa abukhali emazingeni okushisa asemini nawasebusuku. Inhlabathi esindayo futhi enomswakama iyindawo enhle yokuthuthuka kwezinhlobo eziningi zalo ukhunta.

Isibonelo, i-Fusarium ivela ohlelweni lwezimpande zezithombo ngohlobo lwe-coridia eyakheke ngesineke le-mycelium. Ngenxa yokuhlulwa kweRhizoctonia, amafomu e-mycelium ansundu ezitshalweni.

Ezimweni eziningi, amahlumela agqunywe umlomo angafa ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele phezulu. Bengazi lesi sifo, abalimi bangena esikhundleni sokulimala kakhulu izilimo.

Isidla sezimpande sibuye sivele ezimpandeni zezitshalo ezindala ezinama-pycnids amnyama e-fungus Phoma betae. Izitshalo ezithintekile ze-beet ziphenduka ziphuzi bese ziyafa. Ngisho nangemva kokululama kulesi sifo, izimpande zama-beets ezinjalo zithola ukubukeka okungeyona yezimpahla, zilahlekelwe ushukela wazo.

Umlimi wezimpande zeBeetroot ukhula ngokushesha enhlabathini esindayo nenomswakama.

Amasu wokuvikela yilezi:

  • iming;
  • ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-boron;
  • ukusetshenziswa kwezimpahla zokugqoka imbewu;
  • ukuhambisana kombuso wokushisa omuhle kakhulu: inhlabathi okungenani i-8ºC kanye nomswakama womoya okungenani ama-60%;
  • ukukhulula imibhede yebhungane ngemuva kokuqhekeka enhlabathini;
  • mulching kwezilimo izinsalela zezitshalo ezibolile, Peat.

Fomoz

Isibonakaliso sokuqala salesi sifo ukubonakala emaqabungeni aphansi esitshalo esinezindawo ezihlanganisiwe zensundu noma ngombala ophuzi. Kamuva, kuvela amachashazi amnyama emacembe. Lesi sifo siyingozi ngoba ngemuva kokufa kweziqongqongo, kubuya ukubola komgogodla, okungenzeki ukuthi usibone.

Lesi sifo sicasulwa amazolo amaningi futhi nemvula egeleza isikhathi eside, ukungasebenzi okubangela umswakama ophezulu. Ukungabikho noma ukuntuleka kwe-boron enhlabathini nakho kungadala ukuphefumula. I-pathogen eyingozi ihlala esihlahleni sembewu kanye nembewu yamabhungane, ibekezelelwa kalula ngumoya.

Ngemuva kokuthola lesi sifo emaqabungeni, into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukufaka i-borax (3 g / m²) ngaphansi kwempande ye-beet bese wenza ukugqokisa okuphezulu kweshidi ephepheni ngesisombululo esinamanzi se-boric acid 5 g / 10 l.

Amaqabunga ambozwe izindawo ezihlanganayo afa ngenxa ye-saposis, bese ukubola komile kukhule enhliziyweni yesitshalo esiyimpande

Isifo sofuba

I-Cercosporosis yisifo se-beet esiyingozi esingabulala ngaphezu kwengxenye yesilimo. Kumaqabunga aphezulu, kutholakala izindawo ezincane ezikhanyayo ezinomngcele obomvu, kanti amaqabunga aphansi ambozwe ngentambo engwevu ekhanyayo. Ithinteka yi-cercosporiosis, amaqabunga ayoma, futhi izitshalo zezimpande ziwohloka ngokushesha, ukugcina kwazo kuwohloka.

Ukugwema ukubonwa, inhlabathi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa iphathwa ngama-fungicides, bese imbewu ene-Agat-25. Izitshalo zondliwa ngomanyolo we-potash.

Izindawo ezikhanyayo ezinomngcele obomvu - uphawu lwe-cercosporosis

I-Fusarium, nsundu, ukubola okubomvu

IFusarium isakazeka kaningi kuzitshalo ezonakele. Amaqabunga aphansi anciphile, isisekelo esenziwe mnyama samathanga, ukuqhekeka kwesitshalo sezimpande nokuqukethwe okumhlophe kuyizimpawu zalolu hlobo lokubola.

I-brown bola yona ikhula ngomswakama ophezulu kanye ne-nitrogen eningi emhlabathini. Lesi sifo sibonisa ngokwakhiwa kwe-plaque ekhanyayo enhlabathini naseziqongweni zamaqabunga. Kwimifino enezimpande ezinamanzi, kuvela amabala amnyama angaphakathi nangaphandle kwezicubu ze-necrotic. Imifino ethintekile iyasuswa ngaphandle kokuba igcinwe.

Ngezinjongo ze-prophylactic, ukugqoka phezulu kwe-foliar kwenziwa nge-boron, ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi iyakhululwa.

Izitshalo ezimpande ezibolile azikwazi ukulondolozwa

Ukubola okubomvu (isifo esizwe) akuyona ingozi kangako kuma-beet. Amabala we-volumetric brown avela ezitshalweni zezimpande, ezimbozwa nge-sclerotia yefungus ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izithelo ezithelelekile kufanele zihlukaniswe ngokushesha nezinempilo ukuze kugwenywe ukutheleleka okwengeziwe.

Izinambuzane

Imvamisa, imibhede ye-beetroot icasulwa ngabahluphi bezilokazane: izimpukane ezijwayelekile nezokumbiwa phansi, amabhungane, izinambuzane zezihlangu, ama-scoops kanye ne-aphid. Abantu abadala nezibungu zabo kulimaza amaqabunga nezimpande ze-beet. Ukulwa nezinambuzane kulula kakhulu kunokulwa nezifo.

Uma ama-aphid etholakala kuma-beet, phatha lesi sitshalo ngokufakwa kwe-anyanisi husks

Ezimweni eziningi, ungakwenza ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali, ubheka imithetho elula yobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Akudingeki ukwephula izidingo zokushintshwa kwezilimo, ukususa ngesikhathi ukhula emibhedeni yama-beet naseziseduze, ekwindla ukufeza ukumba okujulile.

Ngemuva kokuthola izinambuzane, zama ukusebenzisa izinto ezinobungozi kancane kuqala:

  • uma usuphathe iziqongo ngokufakwa kwe-anyanisi ikhasi noma umhlonyane, ungasusa aphid. Ukuze ulungiselele ukumnika, thatha i-1 kg yesisindo esomile, usigaye bese uthele amalitha ayi-10 amanzi, ubilise imizuzu engu-15, ugcizelele amahora angama-3-4 nesihlungi;
  • amagatsha omhlonyane ahlelwe emaphasishi asiza kusuka ezinhlamvwini nasekuvikeleni izinambuzane;
  • uthuli izitshalo ngomlotha, uthuli kagwayi noma ukwelapha amaqabunga nge ukumotshwa umlotha wesabisa flea, izibungu zazo kabusha ezimpandeni zesitshalo. Indlela yokufaka ukumlotha umlotha ilula: thatha i-1.5 tbsp. umlotha, hlanganisa kahle bese ugcizelela usuku olu-1. Ama-beet asetshenziswa ancishisiwe ukumiliselwa kwesimo sezulu esomile.

Ukufafaza ngezixazululo zamalungiselelo webhakteriya iBitoxibacillin (1%) neGomelin (0.5%) isetshenziswa ekulweni nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-scoop. Amaqabunga e-beetroot akhelwe kahle, akhumbuza intambo, akhombisa ukuhlasela okuqinile kwezimpukane nezihlangu. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswe ama-Aktara, Karbofos, Spark insecticides (ngokwemiyalo).

Ukuvimbela

Izinyathelo zokulawula izifo ze-beet kanye nezinambuzane zifaka:

  • ukutshala izinhlobo ezilwa nezifo;
  • ukuhambisana kokujikeleza kwezitshalo;
  • ukwelashwa kwembewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela;
  • Umanyolo wenhlabathi nezitshalo;
  • isikhathi sokuvuna;
  • ukuqaliswa kwemisebenzi yezolimo;
  • ukuqapha okungapheli kokufika.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Izilimo zokuqala ezinejusi yezithelo zamabele okuqala zivunwa ngoJulayi. Ama-beet okuvuthwa sekwephuzile, angagcinwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, akhiwa ekuqaleni kwekwindla, lapho amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi bese amaqabunga eqala ukoma.

Ngokuhlanza, khetha usuku olomile. Okokuqala, bmba izithombo zezimpande nge-pitchfork. Ngemuva kwalokho, bebambe izandla eziqongweni, badonswa ngaphandle kwenhlabathi. Isiphetho esimfushane sommese sisusa ngobunono inhlabathi kusuka ezimpandeni, futhi sinqume amaqabunga abukhali, ishiya kuze kube ngu-2 cm we-petioles. Izilimo ezonakalisiwe zezimpande (ezilimele, ezibolile) zihlukaniswa ngokushesha. Ama-beet omisiwe omisiwe emoyeni omusha, bese kuthi cishe isonto kumagumbi anomoya owanele (amakhethini angaphansi), lapho ilanga lingabukeki.

Amabhisthi akhethiwe aqale omiswe emoyeni omusha

Izilimo ezisikiwe ezingcolile kanye nezingcwatshwayo zicutshungulwa ngokushesha, zivuna isithonjana se-borsch, amasaladi athosiwe.

Amasaladi we-beetroot aqoshiwe - isivuno esihle ebusika

Lapho ukhipha imvuthuluka, izingcezwana zidliwe ngushoko bese zifakwa kwisitoreji. Izilimo ezimpande zigcinwa kangcono emazingeni okushisa ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-2ºC, emakamelweni anomoya omuhle wokungena umoya Ezindaweni ezifudumele, ama-beet ayaphanga, aqala 'ukufiphala' futhi abole.

Indlela efakazelwe ukufaka izitshalo ezimpandeni kwizisekeli eziyi-15 cm noma ngaphezulu emabhokisini enziwe ngokhuni noma epulasitiki asuka ku-20 cm ukusuka phezulu odongeni.Imigqa yamabhele emabhokisini afafazwa ngesihlabathi, i-peat eyomile noma i-sawdust evela ku-softwood (3-4 cm ungqimba).

Esihlabathini, ama-beet agcinwa isikhathi eside

Abalimi abaningi bazijwayeza ukugcina ama-beets ngobuningi ngaphezulu kwamazambane. Izilimo eziyizimpande zigcwele umswakama ovela kumazambane bese womile kancane.

Izimo ezikhulayo ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene

IBeetroot isitshalo esithanda ukushisa esisebenza kabi kumswakama ophezulu, emazingeni okushisa aphansi nokukhanya okungahambi kahle. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izindawo kunzima ukufeza isivuno esihle salesi sihlahla semifino, ikakhulukazi abalimi abasha.

Isibonelo, ihlobo eliseduze kwaseMoscow livame ukuna futhi alijabulisi ngokushisa ngokweqile, futhi nelanga liyadingeka kakhulu ama-beet ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula. Kodwa-ke, ungakhula izilimo ezinkulu ezimpandeni ngisho nasezimeni zeSifunda SaseMoscow, usuwazi ezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe bezolimo futhi waqoqa izinhlobo ezihluliwe Okokuqala, udinga ukunquma kahle usuku lokufika. Emasimini angaphansi komhlaba, inhlabathi ifudumeza kuze kufike ku-8-10 ° C engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuhlwanyelwa kwezinhlobo zokuqala kuqalile. Izinhlobo kamuva zingatshalwa kuphela ekuqaleni noma maphakathi noJuni. Uma uhlela ukudla imifino ngokushesha ukuze kudliwe, izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala zifanele ukutshala:

  • I-Barguzin,
  • Bordeaux
  • Detroit
  • Mona
  • Kestrel,
  • Ubusika.

Isivuno sabo esingavunwa ngoJulayi. Izitshalo ezingumngcele wezinhlobo ezivuthwa maphakathi nesifunda saseMoscow:

  • Bona
  • IMulatto
  • Akunakuqhathaniswa
  • Isilinda.

Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyaqhubeka kuze kube sentwasahlobo, zimelana nezifo. Kuyingozi ukukhulisa izinhlobo zebhungane sekwephuzile esifundeni saseMoscow, ngoba izitshalo zazo ezimpande kungenzeka zingavuthwa kuze kube yilapho kuqala ukubanda kwentwasahlobo.

Ezinye izakhamizi zasehlobo zisebenzisa imibhede efudumele, lapho zikwazi ukukhulisa khona izinhlobo zokuvuthwa sekwephuzile i-Ataman, Torpeda, Odnorostkovaya.

Izindawo eziseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga naseMpumalanga Ekude zibonakaliswa yihlobo elibandayo nelifushane kakhulu. Izakhamizi zalezi zifunda kufanele zikhethe izinhlobo ezingamelana ngokushesha nesithwathwa nesikhathi sokuvuthwa esifushane. Izinhlobo ezihlotshiswe eSiberia:

  • I-Bordeaux 237,
  • Okungalingani nge-A-463,
  • I-Podzimnaya A-474,
  • Ifulethi laseSiberia,
  • Cold ukumelana.

Ngokunikeza ukweqa okubukhali ekushiseni, abalimi abaningi batusa ukuba kube ama-beet akhula eSiberia kuphela ngezithombo, azitshalile endaweni evulekile kungakapheli maphakathi noJuni.

IBeetroot iyimifino ebaluleke kakhulu futhi enempilo komunye nomunye wethu. Kepha kufanele usebenze kanzima ukuze ube nomkhiqizo onamavithamini omnandi unyaka wonke.

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