Umgcini wegadi ngamunye ubheka ukukhula esikhungweni sakhe kuphela izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu, ezikhiqiza kakhulu nezinezithelo ezinkulu zamaberry. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlupheka okuncane ngesitshalo, kungcono. Ukusuka unyaka nonyaka, abafuyi basebenza kanzima ukudala izinhlobo ezihlangabezana nalezi zidingo. Enye yazo i-Bryansk ehlukahlukene - ubuciko bangempela bokukhethwa kwasekhaya.
Umlando wokukhula raspberries Bryansk
I-Bryansk ivame ukudidaniswa kakhulu ne-Bryansk divo ehlukahlukene, iveza ukuthi iyisici salokhu okulandelayo. Leli yiphutha elikhulu - yize iqiniso lokuthi zombili izinhlobo zahlwanyelwa esikhungweni esifanayo futhi umuntu ofanayo wabamba iqhaza ekudalweni kwabo, akukho okufana phakathi kwe-Bryansk neBryansk divas - banezinsuku ezahlukile zokuvuthwa, ukunambitheka kanye nobuchwepheshe bokutshala.
UBryansk uvele esakhiweni esinamandla saseKokinsky se-All-Russian Institute of Horticulture and Nursery. Le raspberry yathunyelwa ekuhlolweni kombuso ngonyaka we-1977, kwathi emuva kweminyaka eyishumi yafakwa kwiRegional State of Plants ngaphansi kwesikhombi esingu-7704739 futhi yahlotshiswa ezifundeni eziseCentral, Volga-Vyatka naseMiddle Volga. Ukubhalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kwanikezwa u-Ivan Vasilievich Kazakov.
Njengomphumela weqa izinhlobo iKostinbrodskaya (kwesobunxele) kanye no-Novosti Kuzmina (kwesokudla) ama-raspberries avele uBryansk
Izinhlobonhlobo uKostinbrodskaya noNovosti Kuzmina bazenza abazali beBryanskaya, okuyiyona enezinhlobonhlobo ezinconyelwe ukulinywa ngabalimi be-novice. Zombili lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa ukuzimela okuphezulu, ukunambitheka okumnandi kwezithelo, isivuno esizinzileyo nokumelana nesithwathwa, kepha zivame ukugula futhi zithinteke yizilokazane. UBryansk wazuza njengefa izimfanelo ezinhle nezimbi zabazali.
Incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo
Isihlahla se-Bryansk okusajingijolo mude futhi sinamandla, kepha ngasikhathi sinye siqhuma kancane, sibumbene. Amandla okwenza amahlumela aphakathi nendawo - kwakhiwa amagatsha amasha ngenani elincane (imvamisa izingcezu ezi-4-6), kepha anele ngokwanele ukugcina isihlahla nokukhula kwalo okuvumelanayo. Ngemuva kokulimala okukhulu kwezingxenye zomoya (ngokwesibonelo, ukuqandisa), ukulahleka kwesikhashana kwesitshalo kungenzeka.
Amabhasi eBryansk mude, asakazeka kancane, anamahlumela aqondile.
Amagatsha aseBryansk aqondile, anezinhlaka ezivulekile kanye nenani elincane leva. Amacembe ayinkimbinkimbi, ajwayelekile kuma-raspberries, aluhlaza okotshani ngaphezulu, amhlophe qwa ngaphansi. Izimbali zincanyana, zimhlophe, zitholakala kuma-axils amaqabunga noma eziqongweni zezihlumela. Amajikijolo makhulu impela, anombala omuhle we-ruby, oyindilinga noma onsundu ngesimo. Isisindo esivamile sezithelo angama-3 amagremu. I-pulp imnandi, ibucayi futhi inephunga kakhulu, inambitheka omuhle kakhulu - amaphuzu angu-4,7 aphuma kwabahlanu.
Amajikijolo raspberry Bryansk umbala omuhle we-ruby onepulpiti elimnandi
Yize ama-raspberries anhlobonhlobo aqanjwa ezifundeni ezintathu zezwe, ngenxa yokungazethembi kwawo, kuyadingeka kakhulu kulo lonke elaseRussia, kanye nasemazweni angomakhelwane. I-Bryansk okusajingijolo kokuvuthwa kokuqala, okuphawulwa ngokuqina kwebusika. Ukukhiqiza kungaphezulu kwesilinganiso - 50-80 kg / ha. Ngenxa yezici zokunambitheka ezinhle kakhulu, izithelo zeBryansk zingadliwa zombili zisha futhi zisetshenziselwe ukucubungula. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonisa ukumelana okulingana ne-anthracnose ne-didimella, kepha kuvame ukuthinteka yisibungu sesicabucabu.
Izici Zokufika
Isitshalo sitshalwa zombili ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, kepha okokuqala, zonke izindlela kufanele zenziwe okungenani amasonto amane ngaphambi kwamaqandeni, kungenjalo izithombo ngeke zibe nesikhathi sokuthola izimpande ezanele futhi zimane zife. Inketho enhle ukuthi ufike emhlabeni eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaSeptember - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Izidingo zenhlabathi nokutshala
Kunoma ikuphi okusajingijolo (kufaka phakathi iBryansk), inhlabathi evundile enomswakama olinganiselayo kanye nama-loams akhanyayo athandwa kakhulu. Emithini yesanti, inhlabathi enobumba noma inhlabathi ebhandayo imila kancane futhi isitshalo ngeke sithele izithelo.
Inhlabathi ye-Acidic le nkambiso ibekezelela okungcono kakhulu kunezitshalo eziningi, kepha ukwanda kwe-acid kuyingozi ngokwayo - inhlabathi enjalo iyoma isikhathi eside futhi ayigugi kahle, kunzima kakhulu ukuthi izimpande zithole umswakama nezinto eziwusizo kuwo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhula kwezitshalo kunciphisa noma kuyeka ngokuphelele, bayancipha futhi bathambekele ezifweni ezahlukahlukene.
Uma wazi ukuthi inhlabathi ekule ndawo ine-acidity ephezulu, kumele ibe yi-limy.
Ukulinganisa, kusetshenziswe i-0,5 kg ye-lime egayiwe, u-0.5 kg kafulawa we-dolomite, u-0.3-0.7 kg wetshalo noma u-0.4-0,5 kg womlotha usetshenziswa ngemitha yesikwele yenhlabathi. Into ekhethiwe ihlakazeka ngokufana endaweni yonke futhi ifakwe uphawu lokujula kwama-20-35 cm ngokumba. Kunconywa ukuthi ukumiswa kufakwe unyaka noma emibili ngaphambi kokutshala ama-raspberries (ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izinyanga eziyi-6). Ngokuzayo, inqubo izodinga ukuphindwa njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-5.
Ukukhawulelwa kwesiza kwenziwa kangcono eminyakeni engu-1-2 ngaphambi kokutshala okusajingijolo
Kungcono ukutshala ama-raspberries ezindaweni lapho izindunduma nezinhlamvu, dill, ugarlic, beet, izaqathe kanye ne-lupins kukhule ngonyaka odlule. Gwema ukutshala ama-raspberries ngemuva kwamatamatisi, ama-sitrobheli, amazambane, upelepele kanye nesitshalo seqanda, ngoba lokhu kukhulisa amathuba okuba nezifo. Khetha izindawo ezikhanyiswe kahle ezivikelwe umoya oshubisa umoya obandayo ukuze ufinyelele.
AmaSaplings akhetha amaphakathi aphakathi nendawo, anamahlumela amabili kuya kwamathathu amafushane (likhulu ihlathi, liba nzima ngokwedlulisa) nezimpande ezinamandla eziningana. On amahlumela namaqabunga akufanele kube iminonjana wokulimala mehendi, izimpawu zokugula kanye ukulimala kwezinambuzane. Ukuvikela izithombo kusuka ekutsheni kwe-verticillus, ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zazo ziphathwa nge-Agat 25K, kulandela imiyalo yomenzi. Kuhle futhi ukuthoba isistimu yezimpande amahora angama-6-8 kwekhambi le-Kornevin - lokhu kuvuselela ukwakheka kwezimpande futhi kuvikele ama-raspberries ezifweni zokukhunta.
Izithombo ze-raspberry kufanele zikhule ngo-medium, zibe ngamahlumela amafushane amabili noma amathathu
Ungatshala kanjani izinhlobo zomsalo okuyi-Bryansk
Ukufika ngendlela efanele kuyisihluthulelo sokunakekela noma yisiphi isitshalo. I-Bryansk ayiphoqi noma yiziphi izidingo zomuntu ngamunye, itshalwe ngokuya ngohlelo olujwayelekile. Ungatshala ama-raspberry kuwo womabili amahlahla ahlukene nakuwo imisele - kuya ngokuthandwa ngumlimi. Esimweni sokuqala, ukufika kimi kanje:
- Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuba iqhwa lokugcina selincibilikile, esihlahleni ngasinye, bhala umgodi wokutshala ongu-50x40x40 cm.Igebe eliphakathi kwezimbobo lingama-50 cm, ukuhlukaniswa komugqa okungenani kubengu-150 cm.
- Lungiselela isithombo ngasinye inhlanganisela evundile engu-10 kg womquba womquba noma womgunda obolile, amagremu angama-400 womlotha, amagremu ayi-100 we-superphosphate, amagremu angama-50 e-potassium sulfate kanye nengqimba ephezulu yenhlabathi eyembiwe.
- Thela ungqimba we-ingredient emgodini bese ubeka isithombo ngaphezulu ukuze ihlumela lokufaka esikhundleni libe ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi. Sakaza izimpande ngokucophelela bese uzifafaza nenye ingxube yezakhi.
Lapho utshala, kubalulekile ukuthi izinso ezibuyiselwe endaweni ethile zingaphansi kwephansi lomhlaba, ngoba ihlumela elisha lizokhula esikhundleni salo esikhundleni salokho okwandisiwe (kubizwa ngokuthi ihlumela lokubuyisa)
- Hlanganisa kahle inhlabathi eduze kwesihlahla esitshaliwe, yenza umgodi ongajulile futhi unisele isitshalo ngamalitha angama-5-7 amanzi.
- Cwilisa inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo ngamaqabunga, humus noma utshani obolile bese usika isitshalo endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-30.
I-mulching inciphisa ukuhwamuka komswakama futhi ivimbela ukukhula kokhula
Abanye abalimi batusa ukuthi kususwe wonke amahlamvu ngemuva kokutshala ukuze kube lula ukuthi isitshalo sithande izimpande.
Uma ukutshala kwenziwa ekwindla, khona-ke cishe izinyanga eziyi-1.5 ngaphambi kwawo, bambe uzungu lokujula kwama-cm angama-25. Ngaso leso sikhathi, faka umquba: ngesikwele ngasinye uzodinga amabhakede ama-2-3 we-humus, amagremu angama-200-400 we-superphosphate nama-100-200 amagremu we-sulfate potaziyamu. Le nqubo izovumela iminyaka engu-5 elandelayo ukuthi yenze ngaphandle kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium fertilization. Izenzo ezengeziwe ziyafana nokutshala kwentwasahlobo, ngaphandle kwephuzu lesibili - njengoba isiza sondliwe ngokugcwele kusengaphambili, umanyolo awangezwe emithonjeni ngokwayo.
Uma uhlela ukukhulisa ama-raspberries ngendlela yomhubhe, lapho-ke udinga ukutshala okuhlukile ngokuhlukile:
- Kulesi siza, imigodi imbiwa ngokujula okungama-60 cm nobubanzi obuyi-120 cm, kuhlukaniswa ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi kusuka phansi. Isikhala somugqa singamamitha ayi-1.5.
Ukutshala ama-raspberries ngemigqa, imisele imivubukulo endaweni eyi-1,2 m ububanzi kanye nama-60 cm ajulile
- Ngaphansi kwemisele imbozwe ngomcamelo we-organic centimeter - umquba ojikelezayo, imfucumfucu yesitshalo, amacembe awile.
- Ingaphezulu lenhlanganiswe nomanyolo (ibhakede lomquba elibunjiwe, uhhafu webhokisi lesihlabathi, ingxenye yesithathu yebhakede lomquba wezinkukhu, ingilazi ye-urea nengxenye yengilazi yamanyolo we potash ne phosphorus ngemitha).
- Izigodi zigcwele ngengxube evundile, ngemuva kwalokho kubekwa izithombo ezi-raspberry kuzo, zibheka ibanga elingamasentimitha angama-50 phakathi kokugcina. Ungqimba olungaphansi lomhlabathi olususwe emgodini luhlanganiswe nesihlabathi kanye ne-humus futhi imisele imbozwe ngokuphelele.
Ividiyo: ungatshala kanjani ama-raspberries
Ukufihlakala kokunakekelwa
Ukunakekelwa kwama-raspberries wezinhlobo zeBryansk kwenziwa ngokwemithetho elandelayo yezolimo:
- Uma ama-raspberries atshalwe ngemigqa, kuyalulekwa kakhulu ukwakha ukwesekwa kwawo, okuwukuthi yi-trellis. Entwasahlobo, kuboshwe okungenani izingalo eziphakeme zamamitha ayi-1.5 ngasemaphethelweni esiza bese kudonswa izintambo ezimbili zentambo phakathi kwazo ukuphakama okungama-60-70 cm no-120 cm. Uma isiza sikhulu, khona-ke izikhonkwane ezengeziwe kufanele zidonswe emhlabathini njalo ngamamitha ayi-5 ukugwema ucingo olubi. Ama-Shots ane-fan ekuxhaseni nasekuqiniseni. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, kufakwa imigqa emibili yocingo eyengeziwe ku-trellis - endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-30 nama-150. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ama-raspberries avikelwe kalula kulula kakhulu ukunakekela.
Ukuvimbela amagatsha okusajikijolo kusuka ekugqasheni komoya kanye nesisindo sesilimo, ungawamisa kwi-trellis
- Izitshalo azivamisile ukunisela, kepha ukuze umhlaba umanzi ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuya kwengama-40. Njengomthetho, kuchithwa amalitha wamanzi ayi-7-8 esihlahleni esisodwa esidala. Ukunisela kokuqala kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, olandelayo - eminyakeni eyishumi kaJuni. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, ama-raspberries adinga enye ukuthambisa okubili noma kathathu, kanti okokugcina lapho izitshalo ziniselwa ekugcineni kwezithelo. Uma isimo sezulu sishisa kakhulu, ngaphandle kwezulu lemvelo, ama-raspberry kufanele ayophuziswa masonto onke; uma lina, asikho isidingo sokufakelwa umswakama. Musa ukusebenzisa amanzi abandayo ukunisela futhi uvikele ukuthola uketshezi emaqabungeni - lokhu kungadala ukukhula kwesikhunta.
- Eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule kaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ama-raspberries aphekelwa nge-nitrogen (amagremu ama-5 we-urea kanye nefosholo lomquba wenkomo afakwa kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
- Ukuvuselela izithelo, izihlahla kufanele zenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Amagatsha aqinile, athuthuke kahle ancishiswa ngo-15-20 cm, kanti amagatsha abuthakathaka, agulayo futhi aqandisiwe asuswa ngokuphelele. Amahlumela aqediwe ayashisa.
Ukuze ama-raspberries athele izithelo kakhulu, izihlahla kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo
- Kubhekelwa kakhulu izindlela zokuvimbela. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, udinga ukuhlanza izihlahla kusuka emahlumela afile, ususe izinsalela zamaqabunga zanyakenye bese uphatha izitshalo nge-1% Bordeaux ewuketshezi. Ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwesibungu sesicabucabu, ama-raspberries afafazwa ngeCumulus noma iKarbofos ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. I-Actellik neFufanon kusetshenziselwa ukuvikela izitshalo ezinambuzaneni, kanti iTopazi isetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukungafani ne-Powdery hlobo. Uma, noma kunjalo, izinambuzane noma izimpawu zanoma yisiphi isifo zavela emithini, kuyadingeka ukwenza lokho kuphathwa ngezidakamizwa ezifanele ngokwemiyalo yomenzi.
- Ukhula kufanele lumiswe phakathi komugqa ukuze lungadonseli izinto eziwusizo emhlabathini futhi lungabangeli ukukhula kwesikhunta.
- Ngezikhathi ezithile, kuyadingeka ukukhulula inhlabathi eduzane nezihlahla, bese uyayibiyela ngotshani, nge-humus, ngamagxolo noma ngenaliti.
- Ukuvimbela ama-raspberries ukuthi angabhebhetheki igceke lonke, enza uthango elizungeze i-raspberry, ngokwesibonelo, ashayela amashidi ezinsimbi emhlabathini.
- Ekwindla, semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla elidala lisuswa lishiswe, bese kwenziwa umgodi oshubile wenhlabathi. Uma kudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu selokhu kwatshalwa, umanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus usetshenziselwa inhlabathi - 60 g we-superphosphate no-40 g kasawoti we-potassium kwisitshalo ngasinye. Umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ekwindla.
- Lapho ama-raspberries aqeda ukuthela izithelo, asika futhi, asusa amahlumela omile nanesifo. Amagatsha asikiwe ayashiswa.
- Yize izinhlobonhlobo zeBryansk zibonakala ngokuqina kobusika obukhulu futhi zingamelana neqhwa ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela, kungcono ukungazibeki engcupheni futhi unikeze ama-raspberry isivikelo esithembekile. Ekwindla sekwephuzile, amaqabunga asuswa kusuka amahlumela ngokuwasebenzisa ngesandla ku-mitten kusuka phansi kuya phezulu (kepha hhayi okuphambene nalokho, ukuze kungalimali ama-buds), khona-ke amagatsha ancanyiselwa emhlabathini futhi anamathiselwe kwi-wire trellis ephansi. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-raspberry ambozwe nge-spanbond noma enye into esembozekayo.
Ama-raspberries agqotshwe yi-arch kanye namahlumela aboshwe ambozwe nge-spanbond ukuze avikeleke eqandeni
Ithebula: Isifo se-raspberry
| Lesi sifo | Izimpawu | Izindlela zomzabalazo |
| Anthracnose | Isifo se-fungal i-anthracnose sibonakala ngesimo sezindawo ezilinganayo ze-hue emhlophe grey enomngcele onsomi ku-raspberry stalk. Amacembe ayoma, endaweni ethintekile izicubu zomile futhi ziyawa. |
|
| Ukubuka amabala okuyiphutha | Lesi sifo sisakazwa yi-spore fungus. Isikhunta sithinta ama-buds, isiqu, amaqabunga, ama-raspberries. Ekuqaleni, indawo enesifo inombala onsomi okhanyayo onamachashazi amnyama maphakathi nendawo (imvamisa ezindaweni ezinamathiselwe amaqabunga). Isiqu sesihlahla sichithwa kancane kancane, kuqhume imifantu, ama-raspberries ayome, indawo ethintekile ithola umbala obomvu onsundu. | Ekuqaleni kokukhula kwamahlumela alo nyaka, emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokuqhakaza futhi emva kokuvuna, afafazwa ngezisombululo eziqukethe ithusi: 1% Bordeaux liquid (10 g nge-1 litre yamanzi), i-HOM ngokusho kwetafula elikhona. |
| Indawo emhlophe (septoria) | Isifo fungal of raspberries kuvamile. Amahlamvu neziqu zezihlahla kuyathinteka. Izindawo ezinsundu ezifika ku-3 mm ngosayizi ziyavela emaqabunga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabala aphenduka abe mhlophe ngokwakhiwa kohlaka olunsundu. Ngesikhathi sokukhafula amachashazi amnyama ayabonakala. Esihlahleni esisenkabeni ye amahlumela, eduze namahlumela, kuvela izindawo ezimhlophe ezinamachashazi amnyama afanayo, kuqhume imifantu. | Izinyathelo zokulawula ziyefana nakwezinye izifo zesikhunta: ukuncipha kokutshala, ukwelashwa ngezixazululo eziqukethe ithusi. |
| Ukubuka amabala olcerative | Isifo sokukhunta. Ezindibeni ezithintekile eduze nobude bazo zikhula izindawo ezinsundu zesimo esifiphele. Ukuvela kwesigaxa esimnyama kuyavela emabalaleni, afafaza izinhlunga ezimpunga. Indwangu iyaqhekeka ngokushesha bese amabala eqala ukukhululeka, amunyiswe. Lesi sifo sikhula ngomswakama ophezulu. | |
| Ukugqwala | Isifo se-fungal sivamile. Kuthinta amahlumela namaqabunga ezihlahla ezi-raspberry. Entwasahlobo, amabhulukwe amancane amakhowe aphuzi aqala ukubonakala eziqongweni zamaqabunga. Ehlobo, ingaphansi lamaqabunga limbozwa kuqala ngewolintshi, bese kulandela namaphampu amnyama amakhowe. Kumakhukhamba amnyama, izinhlamvu zihlala emacembe ezindizayo. Ezimweni ezinomswakama, lesi sifo sikhula kuze kube ekwindla sekwephuzile. | Izindlela zokulawula ziyefana kuzo zonke izifo zesikhunta: ukuncipha kokutshala, ukwelashwa ngama-fungicides aqukethe yethusi. Amahlumela athintekile abuthakathaka angancishiswa. |
| Umdlavuza wegciwane webacteria | Lesi sifo asitholakali ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni, ama-raspberries anciphisa ukukhula, bese alahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwawo - amajikijolo aba asha. Ungasithola lesi sifo ngokudlulisa izihlahla. Kulokhu, isimila esifinyelela ku-5 cm ubukhulu singabonakala ku-rhizome, isisekelo sez amahlumela noma ezimpandeni. Izizathu zingaba ukusabela kwenhlabathi ye-alkaline noma ukutshala okuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa. | Kunconywa ngemuva kweminyaka engama-3-5 ukushintsha indawo yokutshala izihlahla futhi uma kungenzeka ukuthi ukutheleleka kukhubaza izimpande. Kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi, kuthathwa ama-100 g we-sulfate yethusi bese izimpande zicwiliswa lapho imizuzu engu-5-10. |
| Umshanelo kaWitch | Isifo esiyindida esiyinkimbinkimbi cishe esingelapheki. Amagciwane asakazeka emanxebeni abangelwa yithuluzi elingaboli, ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa kwezinambuzane ezincelisayo, amahlumela ezimpande. Amahlumela amaningi athambile avela empandeni yesihlahla, isihlahla siyakhula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amahlumela akhula aphansi, angafinyeleli ku-15-20 cm wokukhula. Amaqabunga nawo amancane kakhulu. Izihlahla ezigulayo kancane kancane ziyeka ukuthela izithelo. | Udinga ukuqapha amakoloni izintuthwane - aphid. Izihlahla ezilimele kumele zisuswe futhi zishiswe. |
| I-Raspberry mosaic | Emahlumela, amaqabunga ayahlanganiswa nokukhanya okushintshashintshayo kanye nezigaba eziluhlaza obumnyama. Amaqabunga asymmetrical, tubered Lesi sifo sikhonjiswa ngokuqinile ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kanye nasekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhula, ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ukuthatha izithelo ezihlahleni ezithintekile kuyancishiswa, amajikijolo awanambithi futhi alukhuni. Amahlumela amancane aqala ukonakala - aba ngamaqabunga amancane ancibilikile bese eba mancane. Amagciwane asakazeka emanxebeni abangelwa insimbi engaboli, ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa kwezinambuzane ezincelisayo, amahlumela ezimpande. |
Ithebula: Izinambuzane Ezijwayelekile ze-raspberry
| Inambuzane | Izimpawu zesisu | Izindlela zokulawula |
| Isiyingi se-raspberry fly | Unganquma ukunqotshwa ngabashwabene nezihloko ezinothileko amahlumela amancane. Uma udonsa kuleso sikhathi esivulekile, kuzovela ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu. E-hemp esele, indlela eyindilinga eyenziwe yimbethe ibonakala ngokushesha, futhi kuyo ungabona inkathazo uqobo. Nguye obangela ukulimala okukhulu esitshalweni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ichopho le-othintekayo liyadubula, lenze ukubola bese kancane kancane lifa. Izibungu kancane kancane zehlela ezansi kwesisekelo sehlumela, ziphume kulo, zizithele enhlabathini bese zicashe lapho. NgoMeyi, indiza enkulu yabantu abadala iqala. Insikazi ibeka iqanda elilodwa phezulu amahlumela amancane. Ngemuva kweviki, kuzalwa isibungu esisha, esiqhubeka nokubhubhisa isitshalo. |
|
| Ibhungane okusajingijolo | Izinambuzane zigaya izimbobo ezinsaleni futhi zidle okukuqukethe, bese emaqabungeni eziququda phakathi kwezicubu phakathi kwemithambo. Lapho-ke izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda azo embaliyini phansi kwesibeletho. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, kuzalwe izibungu, zichitha izinsuku ezintathu ngaphandle, bese zondla esamukelweni namajikijolo. Kumakhompiyutha angenazithelo, ukubonakala kwesibhungane se-raspberry kukhonjiswa ngomonakalo omkhulu wamaqabunga. Ezihlahleni ezinezithelo, izinambuzane zingatholakala emahlumela, futhi izibungu zazo ngamajikijolo ngesikhathi sokuvuna. |
|
| Ukubaleka kwe-Raspberry Gall midge | Ukuthola ama-midges enyongo amahlumela amancane, kubalulekile ukukhipha imiphetho ezindaweni zokuqhekeka kwamagxolo. Izibungu zivame ukutholakala lapho. Kubalulekile ukunaka kakhulu ukuqhekeka kwamagxolo kanye nokubakhona kwezibungu lapho uthenga izinto zokutshala, ukuze ungalethi inkathazo ku-raspberry wakho. Izibungu hibernate endaweni ephezulu ezansi ihlumela. Indiza yokuqala ibonwa engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi. Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda ngaphansi kwamagxolo amahlumela amasha: umhluzi, ukusikwa, amanxeba nokuqhekeka. Ngemuva kwesonto, kuvela izibungu ezimhlophe, eziba mdala zibe-pink, bese zibe yiwolintshi, bese kuthi emva kwamasonto amabili zingene emhlabathini bese zidlala ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Ukuhamba kwesizukulwane esisha nokubekwa kweqanda kwenzeka emavikini ama-3 emva kokuhlatshwa. | Ukuvimbela ukulimala kuma-raspberries nge-shoot gall midges, izinhlobo ezingamelana kakhulu nalesi sinambuzane kufanele zithengwe. Udinga ukutshala kuphela izinto zokutshala ezinempilo, futhi okuhle kunakho konke, izitshalo ezisencane ezingenayo ingxenye esemoyeni, okuwukuthi, ama-rhizomes kuphela noma ukusikwa kwezimpande. Ukwelapha ngamakhemikhali okuvela kulesi sinambuzane akusebenzi. |
| Okusajingijolo stem inyongo midge | Ukundiza okusebenzayo kakhulu kwalesi sikhwanyana kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda angama-8-15 engxenyeni engezansi yehlumela elincane, lapho amacimbi azalwe anambala osawolintshi engena ngaphakathi. Ngemuva kwamaviki angama-3-4, ukuqhuma kwamafomu kuhlumela, lapho inkathazo ivame ukucasha khona. Kuvela kulokhu kuqhakaza ukuthi vele ekwindla ungathola kalula ngokutheleleka kwesitshalo. | Ekwindla, amahlumela alimele kufanele asikwe ngaphansi kokuvuvukala futhi abhujiswe. Uma kuneziqu ezanele ezinempilo, khona-ke lezo ezonakalisiwe zingasuswa ngokuphelele. |
| Okusajingijolo izinso | Ukulimala okukhulu kubangelwa izibungu zalesi sinambuzane, okuthi, lapho kuvuvukala izinso, zingene kuzo, zidle okuqukethwe. Lapho-ke izibungu ziluma emnyombo wesiqu bese ungena lapho. Kufa izinso ezilimele, futhi isiqu sihlala siyinyumba, ngoba cishe zonke izinso siqukethe inkathazo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kuvela izimvemvane ezinsundu ezimnyama ezinamabala aphuzi kumaphiko angaphambili. Babekela amaqanda - imbali eyodwa. Amacimbi amasha adla emafuthelweni athela izithelo, bese ehla esihlahleni, eshintshela emahlumeni, angene kulokho kubekeka phansi kwamagxolo ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-30 kusuka enhlabathini nasebusika lapho kufakwa ezimhlophe. Ukuvela kwalesi sikhwanyana raspberry kungabonakala entwasahlobo ngamahlumela aqale futhi aphazamisa ukukhula kwawo. Uma wephula ukuphunyuka okunjalo, isibungu siyobe ngaphakathi. |
|
| Umkhaza we-raspberry | Abadala bacasha ngaphansi kwesikali sezinso futhi baxazulule lapho sekuqhuma. Lesi sinambuzane sihlala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, ambozwe izindawo ezinamafutha aluhlaza phezulu. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, emazingeni okushisa ayi-11 ° C, imikhaza ilahlekelwa ukuhamba kwawo bese iya ebusika. |
|
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Abantu abadala ubusika ukhula ngaphansi kwamaqabunga nobunye ububi. NgoMeyi, ukusatshalaliswa kwabo kuyabonakala. Isicabucabu sikhala sihlala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, siwafaka ngenethiwekhi emincane yama-cobwebs. Izitshalo ezibuthakathaka zitholakala kalula emonakalweni. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imikhaza enamandla kakhulu ihlala esimweni sezulu esomile. | Uma inkathazo idlangile ngonyaka ophelile, ama-bush kufanele afafazwe ngesisombululo sikaFufanon ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangemva kokuqhakaza izithelo (ukuhlushwa kuyafana nangokumelana ne-raspberry mite). |
| Ama-aphid | Esiqeshini esiphakathi neRussia, izinhlobo ezimbili zalesi sinambuzane zivamile - iqabunga nokudubula. Ama-aphid ahlala ngamaqembu amancane noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakoloni amakhulu. I-Aphid iyingozi kakhulu ngoba ithwala izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. | Ngokumelene ne-aphid, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangemva kokuvuna. Amabhasi afafazwa noma ngabe yiFufanon (10 ml nge-10 l lamanzi, izinga lokugeleza - 2 l ngebhasi eli-10), i-Actellik (15 ml nge-10 l lamanzi, izinga lokugeleza - 1.5 l nge-10 m2), noma i-Intavir (1 ithebhulethi nge-10 l lamanzi, ukusetshenziswa - 1.5 l nge-10 m2). |
| Strawberry okusajingijolo Weevil | Isinambuzane esimnyama. Amabhungane aqhakaza kakhulu, ikakhulukazi alimaza amaqabunga amancanyana, ukuluma izimbali zezimbali, izimbali zisheshe zimnyama bese ziwa. Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda ngamahlumela. Izibungu ezivelayo lapho zidla ingxenye yentyatyambo kanye nohudo. Kulula ukuzithola: uma wephula isigaxa sokomisa, sizoqukatha isibungu esincane esingenamibala sombala omhlophe nekhanda eliphuzi. Ukusukela eminyakeni elishumi yesibili kaJulayi, amabhungane amancane aqhamuka kuzibungu zezingane, ezilimaza amaqabunga. Ebusika, izimbungulu zifihla ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile nezinqwaba zenhlabathi. |
|
Ividiyo: Imithetho Yokukhathalela Okusajingijolo
Izinhlobo okusajingijolo Bryansk - omunye abathobeki kakhulu, iyakwazi ukukhula cishe kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu. Ngokutshala izitshalo ngokunembile futhi uzinikeze ukunakekelwa okunekhono, uzothola isivuno esiningi samajikijolo amnandi futhi anamakha.
