I-European plum Opal ayaziwa kahle kakhulu kubalimi baseRussia. Akunamininingwane ngaye ngerejista Yombuso. Kepha ukuhluka kuyathakazelisa, ngakho-ke, ake sikujwayele nabalimi ababhekene nokukhethwa kwenketho efanelekayo yensimu yabo.
Umlando nezici ezihlukahlukayo ze-Opal plum
Njengezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zaseYurophu, uhlobo oluthile lwakudala lwe-plum Opal lokukhethwa kweSweden alukho kuRegista Yombuso YaseRussia. Ukunqamula izinqwaba zezinhlobonhlobo iRenkloda Ulena neFavor Favorite, abafuyi bezimpahla bazibeka umsebenzi wokuthola izinhlobonhlobo ze-plum ezingalinyiwe ukuze zilinywe enhlabathini emnyama ezimweni zezulu ezinzima. Futhi kufanele ngithi baphumelele, yize kuqhwa phansi kuze kufike ku-30 ° C umuthi kwesinye isikhathi ubanda, kodwa, uvuseka ngokushesha okukhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zivikelekile ezifweni ezinkulu zokukhunta; akukho lwazi olutholakele ngezinga lokuhlaselwa yizinja. Yize ukuhlukahluka kungagciniwe ngokwezifunda, izifunda okungenzeka ukuthi zitshaliwe zingahlulelwa ngendawo lapho kutshalwa khona izithombo zayo. Kutholwe izithombo zokunakekela izingane ezihlinzeka nge-Opal plum esifundeni saseMoscow (i-Yegoryevsky nursery), kanye nokubuyekezwa kwabalimi besifunda saseMoscow abakhula ngale ndlela ehlukahlukene. Kulokhu singenza isiphetho esinengqondo sokuthi iplamu ye-Opal ingakhula futhi ithele izithelo emgqeni ophakathi. Akunamininingwane etholakele mayelana nokubekezelelwa kwesomiso kwezinhlobonhlobo.
Lesihlahla saphenduka saba mude, saya kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama. Umqhele waso uyindilinga, ubanzi-ugcwele, umnyama. IPlum Opal, ehlanganiswe kuyo izithombo ze-cherry plum, iqala ukukhula ngonyaka wesithathu emva kokutshala, futhi yaxhunyelelwa kwiHungary Wangeheim ngonyaka wesibili. Izimbali zokuqala - izimbali zivame ukuqhuma maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Ama-Opal plum blooms mapema, noma ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avuleke ngokuphelele.
Ngakho-ke, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Ama-flower efihlekile abekwe ezikhungweni zonyaka namagatsha ezithelo. Ukukhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo kuphakathi futhi akujwayelekile. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, esihlahleni esisodwa zithola kusuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-65 kg wezithelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezithelo ezinkulu, izithelo zincane, ukunambitheka kwabo kuya kubi.
Izithelo ze-Opal plum zincane kakhulu - isisindo sabo esimaphakathi singama-20- 23 amagremu, kanti isisindo esiphezulu sifinyelela kumagremu angama-30- 32. Ukwakheka kwazo kuyindilinga nge-suture ebonakalayo ebonakalayo yesisu. Isikhumba mncane, kepha kunzima ukusihlukanisa. Esimweni sokukhula, iba nombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza, futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okugcwele iba bomvu ogqamile futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngesigaxa se-orange. Phezu kukhona inhlanganisela eluhlaza ye-waxy.
Izithelo ze-Opal plum zincane kakhulu - isisindo sabo esimaphakathi singama-20- 23 amagremu, kanti isisindo esiphezulu sifinyelela kumagremu angama-30- 32
I-pulp iminyene, i-fibrous, kepha inejusi kakhulu. Umbala wayo uphuzi wegolide. Itshe lincane; lihlukanisa kahle uginindela. Ukunambitheka kwesithelo simnandi, kune-acidity encane nephunga lezinhlaka. Ukukalwa kokunambitheka - amaphuzu ayi-4,5. Ngomswakama ophezulu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, izithelo zithambekele ekuqhekekeni. Ukuthuthwa kwezithelo muhle, kepha impilo yamashalofu, njengezinye izinhlobo zasehlobo, incane - zigcinwa esiqandisini isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Inhloso yezinhlobonhlobo isendaweni yonke.
Ukuzenzela okuzenzakalelayo kwe-Opal kuphezulu - kungatshalwa ngaphandle kwama-pollinators. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena uqobo ungumphathi we-pollinator wezinhlobo eziningi zama-plums (ngokwesibonelo, ngeBluefrey, uMongameli, uStanley nabanye). Kepha kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lapho kunezinhlobo zama-plum uPavlovskaya no-Scarlet Dawn, kanye ne-cherry plum Soneika, isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo ze-Opal zithuthuka.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinhlobonhlobo
Izici ezinhle ze-Opal plum yilezi:
- Ukuqina kobusika obuphakeme.
- Ukumelana nezifo zokukhunta.
- Isihlahla esingamakhompiyutha.
- Ukungazithembi ekuhambeni.
- Ukuvuthwa kokuqala.
- Ukuzala.
- Izinhlobonhlobo ngumpholi omuhle.
- Ukunambitheka kwe-dessert emnandi yezithelo.
- Inhloso ye-Universal.
- Ukuhamba kahle.
Izinhlangothi ezingezinhle zezinhlobonhlobo nazo zikhona:
- Izithelo ezingekho emthethweni.
- Ukukhetha izithelo ngesikhathi sokulayisha ngokweqile kwezitshalo.
- Imvamisa yokuqhekeka ngaphansi komswakama ophezulu.
- Impilo yeshalofu emfishane.
Ukutshala izinhlobo ze-plum Opal
Uma umlimi sekuvele kufanele atshala i-plums, khona-ke ngezinhlobo ze-Opal ngeke abe nobunzima kulokhu. Yonke imithetho ayilandele ngesikhathi sokufika iyasebenza kuleli cala. Ungagxila kwamanye ama-nuances abaluleke kakhulu kule plum:
- Njengoba izinhlobo ngezinye izikhathi zibanda, kungcono ukuyibeka emithambekeni emincane eseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo emimoyeni ebandayo yasenyakatho. Eminyakeni yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo ezincane kufanele zivikelekile ebusika, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zomgwaqo ophakathi.
Lapho ukutshala isithombo eduze kocingo, kuzosebenza njengesivikelo semvelo emimoyeni ebandayo.
- Lapho ufika, kufanele kusetshenziswe uhlelo lwe-3x4 m (ukuhlukaniswa komugqa - 3 m, ukuhlukaniswa komugqa - 4 m).
- Musa ukutshala ezindaweni ezinezikhukhula neziminyene.
Inqubo yokufika uqobo ngokwayo iyinto ejwayelekile, siyichaza kafushane:
- Ekwindla, bathenga izithombo (zigcinwa kuze kube entwasahlobo egumbini elingaphansi noma zebiwe emgodini endaweni) balungiselele imigodi yokutshala ngokujula nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-70-90, ogcwele inhlabathi evundile. Yenziwe nge-chernozem, i-peat, i-organic (i-humus noma umquba) nesihlabathi, ithathwa ngokulingana okulinganayo.
- Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho amahlumela ezihlahleni eziqala ukuvuvukala (lokhu kukhombisa ukuqala kokuphuma kokuncipha), aqala ukutshala.
- Kuyalulekwa ukufaka izimpande zezithombo ngaphambi kokutshala amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu emanzini. Kulesi simo, ungangeza izisusa zokukhula nokwakhiwa kwezimpande, isibonelo, iKornevin, i-Epin, i-Zircon, njll.
- Emgodini wokufika, umgodi wenzelwa umgodi ophakathi nendawo, ugxile osayizi bohlelo lwezimpande zezithombo. Futhi isigxobo sokhuni siqhutshwa ngo-10 cm cm ukusuka enkabeni ngomgodi olandelayo wesithombo kuye.
Emgodini wokutshala, umgodi ubunjwe ngendunduma phakathi nendawo, kugxilwe ngosayizi wohlelo lwezithombo, futhi isigxobo sokhuni siqhutshwa ngo-10 cm cm ukusuka phakathi nendawo ukuze kufakwe izithombo ezilandelayo
- Kutshalwa isitshalo, siphumule intambo yaso yezimpande ngaphezulu kwe-knoll bese sisakaza izimpande zayo emithambekeni.
- Gcwalisa umgodi ngenhlabathi, ngenkathi uyihlanganisa ngokucophelela. Baqikelela indawo yentamo yezimpande - akufanele ifihlwe. Kungcono ukuyishiya i-2-5 cm ngaphezu komhlabathi, ukuze kuthi ngemuva kokubumba kwenhlabathi kube sezingeni lomhlaba.
Izimpande zesithombo zimbozwe inhlabathi evundile, iqinisekisa ukuthi intamo yezimpande isezingeni lomhlabathi
- Isigaxa sobumba sisetshenziselwa ukukha amanzi azungeze umgoqo nge-chopper.
- Nisela kakhulu isithombo.
- Isiqu sifushane sibe ngama-80-100 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi.
Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa
Njengokutshala, ukunakekela isinki se-Opal akudingi noma yimaphi amasu noma amasu akhethekile. Nawa amathiphu nje ambalwa okusiza ukukhulisa umuthi onempilo futhi uthole isivuno esihle:
- Ezikhathini ezomile, iplamu kufanele iniselwe okungenani kanye noma kabili ngesonto, iqinisekise umswakama womhlabathi ohlala njalo ube ngu 25-25 cm.
- Izinsuku ezingama-20-30 ngaphambi kokuba izithelo zivuthwe (cishe kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi), ukuchelela kumiswa ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwesikhumba.
- Ukwakheka komqhele ofanele kakhulu kusimo sesitsha noma i-spindle.
- Njengoba izinhlobonhlobo zithambekele ekuqiniseni umqhele, njalo ngonyaka entwasahlobo zidinga ukuncishiswa ngokunqamula iziphambano, futhi futhi nokukhula ngaphakathi, amahlumela nezihloko.
Njengoba izinhlobonhlobo ze-Opal plum zithambekele ekuqiniseni umqhele, zidinga ukuncishiswa minyaka yonke entwasahlobo
- Uma kukhiqizwa inani elikhulu kakhulu lamaqanda, ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kufanele kwenziwe ngokubasusa kancane.
Zonke izeluleko ezingenhla zokunakekela izinhlobonhlobo ze-plum ze-Opal zenzelwe ukutshalwa kulayini ophakathi nendawo, kufaka phakathi amadlelo.
Izifo nezilokazane: izinhlobo eziphambili nezisombululo zenkinga
Njengoba ukusondela kwezinhlobonhlobo ekuhlaselweni kwezinambuzane eziyingozi kungashiwongo emithonjeni, kungacatshangelwa ukuthi le ndaba ayibalulekanga kangako. Futhi sinikezwe ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kuyamelana nezifo zokukhunta, kungenzeka ukuyikhulisa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali, ukuqinisekisa ubumsulwa bemvelo bemikhiqizo. Ukuze uvikele izinkinga ezingaba khona kulokhu, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho ejwayelekile yokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuvikela izitshalo. Ngamafuphi, lokhu:
- Ukuqoqwa nokususwa endaweni yamaqabunga awile.
Amaqabunga awile kufanele aqoqwe futhi akhishwe kusayithi
- Ukumba noma ukulima inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo ekwindla sekwephuzile kuya kuma-20-25 cm.
- Ukucekelwa phansi kwegxolo leziqu kanye namahlumela aminyene nesixazululo sikalayimu othambile, lapho kufakwa khona i-3% yethusi sulfate.
Iziqu zezihlahla ekwindla kufanele zenziwe mhlophe ngesisombululo sikalamula esisitshekile
- Ukuthenwa okucocekile komqhele (ukusika amahlumela onesifo, owomile futhi owonakalisiwe).
- Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, kungenzeka ukwenza ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo emvelo angenangozi - I-Fitoverm, i-Fitosporin, i-Iskra-Bio, njll Isetshenziswa ngokulandela imiyalo enamathiselwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo zamakhemikhali kubhekelwa kuphela ezimweni zokutheleleka okuthile ngalesi sifo noma lapho kuhlaselwa inkathazo.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi
Ngokusobala, ngenxa yokuthandwa okuphansi kwezinhlobonhlobo, cishe akukho kuzibuyekezo ngakho mayelana nezinhlaka.
I-Opal kumele ifakwe kumqhele we-plum ebusika obuqinile, iTula emnyama efanayo.
I-Amateur, Isifunda saseMoscow
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E-Opal, izithelo zinambitheka kakhulu ngephunga elikhethekile, ngokungafani nenye ukunambitheka. Kepha kwakuyi-Opal eyayinzima kakhulu kunamanye amamaki eVSTISP, futhi ngisho naseKrasnodar Territory phambilini (2006). UG. Eremin ukhulume ngalokhu enkulumweni yokugcina e-MOIP.
Tamara, eMoscow
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Izakhamizi ezihlakazekile zezifunda eziseningizimu kungenzeka zikhethe izinhlobo zanamuhla nezithuthukile. Kepha esifundeni esiphakathi nasesifundeni saseMoscow, iplamu ye-Opal ilungele ukukhula, uma inezinkinga ezimbalwa kakhulu kunezinzuzo. Kungaba ukwengeza okuhle kwezinye izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ngenkathi ungaba pollinator omuhle kuzo.
