Amahektare ayisithupha ajwayelekile, okwakudala kuwo akha indawo engaphansi yedolobha yabalimi abaningi ezweni lethu, kunzima ukugcwalisa izitshalo zezithelo ezahlukahlukene ukuze ungadluleli emcabangweni wakho. Isikhala esincane kakhulu. Ngokunikezwa iqiniso lokuthi ezinye izakhiwo zizotholakala esakhiweni, kuba lusizi kakhulu. Kuyavela ukuthi indlela yokuphuma kwesimo ingaba ngokuxhunyelelwa kwezihlahla zezithelo. Njengoba ususungule ikhono elithile ekusebenzeni okufanele kwalo msebenzi olula, ungahlobisa ingadi yakho ngama-apula noma ngamapheya, emagatsheni lapho izithelo zawo ezinhlobonhlobo ezizokhula. Sizokwazisa ngezindlela ezinhle zokutshala izihlahla zezithelo.
Isingeniso Emiqondweni Esemqoka
Okokuqala, kufanele uzijwayeze imiqondo eyisisekelo ezosetshenziswa uma sikhuluma ngobuchwepheshe bokugoma:
- Isitoko. Leli igama lesitshalo esizotshala kuso izinhlobo ezintsha. Njengomthetho, ukugoma kwenziwa ezansi kwesitshalo. Kungaba isiqu (shtamb) noma impande.
- I-Priva. Le yingxenye yesitshalo se-varietal esizofakelwa esitokisini. I-scion izokwakha ingxenye engenhla yesitshalo, ebhekele izici zayo zokuhlukahluka.
Isitoko ne-scion kufanele zihambisane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukubekeka kungenzeka kungenzeki. Imvamisa khetha izitshalo ezisebudlelwaneni bezitshalo. Awukwazi ukutshala iparele ebhalini. Iparele lasehlathini noma i-quince ilungele yena, uma kudalwa ukuhlelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezimfushane. Kodwa-ke, ama pears, kwamanye amagatsha lapho kukhula khona ama-apula, kuvame kakhulu.
Leli shadi lokuhambisana nesitshalo likusiza ukuba uthole ngokushesha ukuthi iziphi izithombo zesiphunzi ezingafakelwa kuwo ngokusebenzisa izitshalo ze-scion.
Ubuchwepheshe bokugoma kwezitshalo zezithelo
Ukuze kugonywe, kubalulekile ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele. Ukuhamba okusebenzayo kwamajusi esitshalweni kusiza ukuthatha izimpande ku-scion ngokushesha, ngakho intwasahlobo noma ihlobo isikhathi esihle kakhulu somsebenzi onjalo.
Izindlela ezilandelayo zokuxhunyelelwa izihlahla zezithelo zisetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo:
- ukuqunjelwa yinso (iso);
- usebenzisa isibambo.
Njengomthetho, kukhethwa izikhathi zombili zehlobo nezentwasahlobo zokufakwayo ukuqunjelwa, futhi intwasahlobo isabhekwa njengokuhle kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngezinqamu.
Inketho 1 - ukuqunjelwa iso
Lapho uhluma, i-scion ihlumela lesitshalo sokuhlukahluka. Kusuka kuliphi ibanga lokuvuka, isikhathi esifanele sokwenza i-budding sincike.
Umphumela wokuqhakaza ngezinso (iso) ubonakala kahle kulesi sithombe: entwasahlobo le nso izosebenza, futhi negatsha elisha lizoba nazo zonke izimpawu zokuhlukahluka okuhlanganisiwe
Ukuze uthole izinso esivukayo, isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sibhekwa njengesiqalo sokugeleza kwe-sap - intwasahlobo. Izidingo eziqinile nazo zibekiwe esitokisini uqobo: isitshalo kumele sibe negxolo elambile nelithambile. Lapho usebenzisa izinso zokulala, ingxenye yesibili yehlobo ithathwa njengesikhathi esihle kakhulu somsebenzi.
Ukulungiselela isitokwe sokugoma
Eduze kwesithombo sezithombo, kuyadingeka ukukhulula inhlabathi kahle amasonto amabili bese uyikhulula ekhula. Nisela isihlahla uma kunesidingo. Awudingi ukugonyelwa ohlangothini oluseningizimu lwesiqu sesitshalo, ngoba izinso zingoma ngaphandle kwethonya elangeni, futhi ngaphambi kokuba sibe nesikhathi sangempela sokuthatha izimpande.
Inqubo yokusebenza
Sisusa izinso kwisibambo. Ngomsebenzi lo sidinga ummese obukhali. Ithuluzi elilolwe kabi lingalimaza impahla yokuxhunyelelwa futhi linikeze lingasebenziseki ngokuphelele. Ngokubambisana nezinso, sinqume isihlangu - indawo encane ye-cortex. Sizama ukubamba izinkuni kancane ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma umsebenzi wenziwa ehlobo, i-incision yenziwa ngaphezulu kwezinso futhi ngaphansi kwayo ngo-1.5-2 cm, emva kwalokho inqunywa isuka kwesobunxele iye kwesokudla. Uma kwenzeka entwasahlobo, kunengqondo ukwenza i-flap engezansi ibe ngu-1-1,5 cm ubude.
Akukho lutho olungaphezu kwemvelo ekusebenzeni kwalo msebenzi; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, usuthole ikhono, uzokulisebenzisa cishe ngokuzenzakalelayo
Silungisa isitoko, esisika ngalo amagxolo kuso bese sihlukanisa ngxenye. Entwasahlobo kulula kakhulu ukukwenza. I-notch kufanele ibe ngohlobo lwehlamvu "T". Sigoqa amakhona bese sithola ephaketheni, okufanele ngosayizi lihambisane ne-scion. Uma isihlangu sikhulu kakhulu, siyasika. Izinso zifakwa ephaketheni elinomphumela ngokunyakaza okuqondile kusuka phezulu kuya phansi. Senza lokhu ngokucophelela, sibambe i-scion yokuhlonipha okuphezulu kwe-visor. Silungisa isikhundla sokudonswa kwezinso kwifilimu.
Uma ukuqunjelwa kwezihlahla zezithelo kwenziwa entwasahlobo, khona-ke emva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ihlumela kufanele liqhume. Leli qiniso libonisa imiphumela emihle yomsebenzi owenziweyo. Susa amahhanisi, usike ngokucophelela kuwo wonke amathuba. Endabeni yokuhluma kwehlobo, ihlumela kuzodingeka lilinde kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo.
Inketho 2 - ngokuxhunyelelwa ngomhlaka
Ukuxhunyelelwa ngokusika kwezihlahla zezithelo kusetshenziswa ezimweni lapho:
- ukuqunjelwa akuzange kunikeze umphumela oyifunayo;
- umuthi ulimele, kepha uhlose ukuwusindisa;
- udinga ukubuyisela isitshalo esisodwa kwesinye kwesinye;
- umqhele wesihlahla uthuthuke kahle kusuka ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi amagatsha amasha ayadingeka.
Lapho usebenzisa ukusikwa, umsebenzi futhi wenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukile: kucwebezela, ukukopisha, ekuhlukaniseni okuyingxenye, ngemuva kwegxolo, ekulimaleni kwe-lateral, njll ...
Ukulingisa okulula nokuthuthukile
Ngokuxhunyelelwa kwezihlahla zezithelo ngale ndlela, izingcembe namagatsha esiphundu akhethwa ngobukhulu obufanayo. Ngokuqanjwa okulula egatsheni lesiphunzi nasesibanjweni, senza izigaba ezi-oblique ngobude obungaba ngu-3 cm. Siphatha ingxenye enkulu yesibambo engxenyeni ye-isipikili bese silungisa indawo yokuxhumeka kwayo ngefilimu noma ngeteyipu. Gcoba ingxenye engenhla yokusikiwe nge-engil var. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi uzokwazi ukukhuluma ngomphumela ezinyangeni ezi-2-2,5, lapho isiphunzi sasiyohlangana khona ne-scion.
Lesi sibalo sibonisa ngokusobala ukuthi ukuhluka okulula kwehluka kanjani ekuthuthukisweni: esimweni sesibili, indawo enkulu yokuxhumana izovumela izitshalo ukuba zikhule ngokwengeziwe
Ukuze ukwazi ukubhala kahle Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusikwa kuzo zombili izitshalo akwenziwa bushelelezi, kodwa ngesimo sokukhanya kombani. Le zigzag yakha uhlobo lokukhiya lapho ixhunyiwe, enikeza ukubamba okungcono.
Isikimu luhlelo, kepha ukuthwebula izithombe kuhlale kudlulisela yonke imininingwane yomsebenzi owenziwe. Yebo, qiniseka ukuthi akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ngaye
Usebenzisa ukusika ohlangothini
Ukusikwa kwenziwa ngokujulile endaweni engaphezulu ye-isiphunzi ukuze cishe u-3 cm uhlale ohlangothini oluhlukile. Sinqume ubude be-4-5 cm. Ukusikwa kwenziwa engxenyeni engezansi yesibambiso ukuze amafomu wedigital wedigital. Sifaka i-wedge ibe uqhekeko esitokweni. Uhlangothi lwayo olubanzi kufanele luhambisane nangaphandle kwengatsha. Lungisa ngokuqinile isikhundla sesibambo.
Lapho igonywe i-lateral incision, i-scion ingena kwesiphunzi njengohlobo lwe-wedge, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingaphezulu legxolo laso lihlangane negxolo legatsha; Kulesi sikhundla, badinga ukulungiswa
Lapho isitoko sikhulu
Ngezimpande ezinkulu, kusetshenziswa umuthi wokugomela amagxolo. Ngezansi kwezisiko zenze ukusika engela lama-30 degrees. Amagxolo agawulwa abe yisitokwe, emva kwalokho kufakwe isiqu ephaketheni elakhiwe. Kodwa-ke, amagxolo awanakuqedwa nje. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bopha ngokuphelele isitoko ukuze amagxolo angadabuli ngesikhathi somsebenzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, hlukanisa ngokucophelela amagxolo esiqwini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa ummese wokukopisha, onethambo elikhethekile lale njongo. Sifaka isibambo ephaketheni, silungisa umuthi wokugomela ngefilimu, bese sigcoba indawo yaso ngama-var var engadini.
Uma ugonywe ngaphezulu kwegxolo, ingaphezulu le-cortex lingasungulwa, noma ungamane ulidonse kancane kancane, ngemuva uliqinise kahle ngaphambili ukuze lingadabuli
Dala izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha
Ngale njongo, ukuxhunyelelwa kabusha kwezihlahla zezithelo esezivuthiwe ezikhiqizwe esiqhekeni kufaneleke kangcono. Sisuka cishe ku-10-30 cm sisuka endaweni yesitshalo-isiphunzi.Sisusa onke amagatsha lwamathambo kuwo. Ezihlangeni, senza iziqheke ezinde ezinobukhulu obucishe kube ngu-5 cm. Uma igatsha likhulu, khona-ke kungabekwa ngisho nezimbambo ezimbili ze-scion kulo. Egatsheni elincane, ukwahlukaniswa kwengxenye (hhayi okudlula) kufanelekile Ukusikwa kusikwa ukuze kwakheke "amahlombe" (imigqa eqondile), ngayo lapho uyophumula khona ebusweni be-hemp. Izikhumba ziyagcwala ku-cleavage, kuthi phezulu izingcezu ezisikiwe kanye ne-hemp zigcotshwe ngamafutha engadini. Indawo yokugoma ihleliwe.
Ukugoma emfuleni kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukudala uhlobo lwesitshalo esisha, uma esidala singahambelani nomnikazi wegadi ngokuthile.
Lolu hlu lwezinketho aluphelele. Ngokuthuthuka kwengadi, sizofunda ngamanye amathuba.
