Izifo kanye nezinambuzane kuma-raspberries: izimpawu zomonakalo, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela

Amajikijolo amnandi futhi anamakha amnandi athandwa yizingane nabadala. Kepha lapho kukhula lesi sihlahlana, abalimi bavame ukuhlangana nezifo nezinambuzane, ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye enkulu yesilimo ilahlekile, kwezinye izimo isitshalo sonke siyafa. Yini ngempela esongela ama-raspberry ezindaweni zethu nokuthi angakuvikela kanjani?

Isifo se-rasipiberi

Ama-raspberries ngokuvamile ahlushwa yizifo ezahlukahlukene. Isizathu sokubukeka kwabo singaba:

• amakhowe;
• amagciwane
• amagciwane nama-mycoplasmas asondele kubo.

Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta

Izifo zokukhunta ziyisishayo sangempela sokutshala okusajingijolo. Angena kalula ezicutshini zakhe ngokusebenzisa i-stomata, ukusikwa kanye ne-epidermis, kanye nangamanxeba nokulimala. Izinhlobo zesikhunta zishintsha kakhulu futhi zingahanjiswa amabanga amade ngomoya, imvula, izinambuzane, izilwane kanye nabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi labo liyakwazi ukuphikelela isikhathi eside emhlabathini, imishini yokulahla udoti kanye namathuluzi engadi.

Ngaphambi kokuthena ama-raspberries, kubalulekile ukunambitha ithuluzi lengadi ukuze ungadlulisi izifo

Anthracnose

I-Anthracnose ngesinye sezifo ezivamile ze-raspberry. Umenzeli wayo we-causative yi-Gloeosporium venetum Speg, ethinta zonke izingxenye zomhlaba zesitshalo.

Amahlamvu angawokuqala ukuhlushwa yi-anthracnose. Izindawo ezinamaphazili ezineziko elimpunga nokufingqa onsomi kuyavela emithanjeni yazo. Ngokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo, amabala ayahlangana, amaqabunga ayaconsa futhi omile.

I-Anthracnose ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu ngomswakama ophezulu

Izilonda ezimpunga ezinomngcele onsomi ziyavela nakumahlumela we-raspberry. Amagxolo abo aphenduka ampunga, aqhekeke futhi abe njengokhokho. Amabala we-Anthracnose akhala ngemabhulashi wezithelo, athi kamuva awume. Amajikijolo amahlathi athintekile ayonakalisiwe, ansundu futhi aqumbile. Inani elikhulu le-conidia (asexual spores) yefomu ukhunta on amabala nezilonda.

I-Conidia ne-mycelium yefungus ebangela i-anthracnose ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi kahle. Kusebusika ezingxenyeni ezithintekile zesitshalo bese ziqala ukukhipha izikhala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala kokushisa.

I-Didimella, noma i-Purple Spotting

Umenzeli obabazekayo wokubona indawo onsomi ngu-didymella arrlanata mushroom. Ingena ezitshalweni ezinempilo ngokulimala kwegxolo, okungenzeka zombili ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezingezinhle (isithwathwa esishisayo, izinguquko ezishisa ngokuzumayo ebusika), futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lezinambuzane ezinambuzane (ngokwesibonelo, izinhlayiya zezindunduma).

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-didimella zivele ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Kumahlumela amasha, amafomu amancane amfushane wokukhanya onsomi, asendaweni lapho kunamathiselwe khona ama-petioles. Kancane kancane, aqala phezulu, ahlanganiswe abe yizigaba aze afike ku-30 ​​cm ubude, akhala isiqu. Umbala webala uyaguquka ube nsundu. Kulesi sikhungo, zidilizwa futhi zimbozwe amachashazi amnyama - ama-pycnids wokukhuphuka asebenzisa izikhala.

I-Didimella kulula ukuyibona ngamabala ansomi emaphethweni we-raspberry

Amaqabunga, ukusikwa kanye namagatsha ezithelo ezihlahla ezi-raspberry ezinegciwane le-didimella embozwe izindawo ezinonhlonze. Amajikijolo omile angavuthiwe. Izinso ziyafa.

Ukubuka amabala okungenasisekelo akuyekisi ukusebenza kwawo ngisho nangemva kokuphela kwehlobo. Ekwindla nasebusika obufudumele obufudumele, isikhunta siyaqhubeka nokukhula kwaso, senza ukuba isiqu sife.

Entwasahlobo yonyaka wesibili wokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo emahlathini okusalelayo athintekile, izinkuni zacishe zoma ngokuphelele. Amaqabunga awo aba yiklorini ngombala futhi ancishiswe ngosayizi, futhi amahlumela aqhubeke ukukhula. Phezu kwegxolo elinombala onsomi kunezindawo ezinkulu ezinombala okhanyayo ngombala, kwakheka imifantu eminingi. Futhi phezu kwaso ungabona ngamehlo anqunu amachashazi amnyama ezitho ezithinta umunxa wesikhunta.

Ukusakazeka okusheshayo kwendawo yokubuka onsomi kusatshalaliswa:

• isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama;
• ukuqina kokutshala okusajingijolo;
• okuqukethwe i-nitrogen ephezulu enhlabathini;
• inhlabathi esindayo enamanzi amaningi aphansi komhlaba.

I-Verticill wilt (wilt)

Ukhunta, obangela ukuqunjelwa kwe-verticillus, kufihla emgodini ongaphezulu komhlaba kuze kube ngama-30 cm ngokujule nge-mycelium noma ama-chlamydospores bese ungena kulesi sitshalo ngezimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho isakazeka ngohlelo lwamathambo kuso sonke isihlahla.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukutheleleka kwe-wilt kuvame ukwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izimpawu zayo zokuqala zivele kuphela ngemuva kokusungulwa kwesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile. Amaqabunga esitshalo esinezifo aphenduka aphuzi bese omile. Abaphansi kakhulu bawa, abaphezulu babale esihlahleni. Amahlumela aphenduka amnyama okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi bese eyeka ukukhula. Izihloko zazo ziyafiphala futhi kancane kancane ziyafa. Amahlumela owonakalisiwe angaphila kuze kube unyaka olandelayo futhi alethe isivuno esincane samajikijolo amancane, awomile.

Izikhunta eziningi ezibangela ukufenda kwe-verticillus zingaqhubeka emhlabathini iminyaka eyi-14

Uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo ezithelelekile luhlala lisebenza isikhathi esithile, kepha inani lamahlumela amasha lihlala lincipha. Ezimweni eziningi, amabhasi ane-verticillar wilting die die isizini eyodwa noma ezimbili.

Ukugqwala

Ukugqwala okusajingijolo akuvamile futhi kubangela ukulimala okuncane ehlathini. Kubangelwa ukhunta i-Phragmidium rubi-idaei (Pers), okuthi izinhlamvu zayo zicashe emacembe awile. Lapho ukushisa kungena, zimila futhi zinikeze ukutheleleka okuqala kwezihlahla ezi-raspberry.

Emavikini langu-2-2 ngemuva kokutheleleka, kuphuma i-orange spore pads engxenyeni engaphansi kwamaqabunga e-raspberry. Isimo sezulu esimanzi, izizukulwane eziningi ukhunta obangela lolu hlobo ifomu phakathi ehlobo. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, ukuthuthukiswa kwaso kuyamiswa.

Ngokutheleleka okuqinile kwesihlahla se-raspberry nokugqwala, amabhulukwe e-orange spore amboza yonke ingxenye engezansi yeqabunga

Kukhona nendlela yokuqothula. Isibonakaliso saso esivelele ukuvela kwezilonda eziqhelelene kumahlumela, ahlangana kancane kancane, akha imifantu ejulile ye-longitudinal.

Kuthinteka ngukugqwala kweziqu namaqabunga kuyafa ngaphambi kosuku olubekiwe. Ithinta inani lamajikijolo. Isivuno se-raspberry sezihlahla ezinesifo sincishiswa cishe ngama-30%.

I-Seporia, noma ibala elimhlophe

I-fungus Septoria rubi Sacc, ebangela ukuvela kokubuka amabala amhlophe, ivame cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zokutshala okusajingijolo. Ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu ngomswakama ophezulu, kuhlanganiswe namazinga okushisa aphansi. Izinhlamvu zobusika bokufungus emaqabungeni anezifo namahlumela.

Amaqabunga okusajingijolo neziqu kuphethwe yi-septoria. Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zivame ukuvela maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi, futhi zifinyelela ukukhula kwayo okuphezulu ngesikhathi izithelo sezivuthiwe.

Eqabunga lesitshalo esinegciwane, kuvela amabala ansundu ayindilinga amaningi, athi emva kwesikhashana abe mhlophe phakathi nendawo bese abe nsundu emaphethelweni. Izitho zokwakha ukhula ngokuqina zikhula ebusweni bazo, zibukeka njengamachashazi amnyama. Kancane kancane, amabala ahlangana, izicubu ezithintekile zichithwe ngokwengxenye futhi iqabunga lomile.

Izimpawu zokubona ibala elimhlophe ziqhakaza kakhulu emaqabunga.

Kumahlumela, amabala abushelelezi acashile atholakala eduzane nezinso, futhi kaningi, kumakhompiyutha. Amagxolo ezihlahla ezithintekayo ambozwe inqwaba yemifantu encane, kanti ingxenye yayo ephezulu iyakhonkotha.

Izihlahla okusajingijolo zenziwe buthaka ngumbala omhlophe azibekezeleli kahle ubusika. Ngokuqina okukhulu kwalesi sifo, izinso zazo zivame ukufa. Futhi i-septoria ingadala ukuncipha kokukhiqiza kanye nokuwa kwamaqabunga okuqala.

Umdlavuza wegciwane webacteria

Phakathi kokutheleleka ngegciwane le-raspberry, umdlavuza wezimpande ovame kakhulu yi-ejenti ebangelwa yi-bacterium Pseudomonas tu-mefaciens (Smith et Towns.) Stev. Ukutheleleka kungena ohlelweni lwezimpande ngomonakalo owenziwe ngenxa yokutshala, ukukhulula imigqa phakathi kwemigqa noma ngenxa yezinambuzane.

Kulesi sifo, kukhula izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezingxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba yesitshalo futhi kwesinye isikhathi amahlumela awo, okubangelwa ukwahlukaniswa kweseli okungafanele, ngaphakathi lapho kutholakala khona amagciwane. Isihlahla se-raspberry esithelelekile siphenduka siphuzi futhi sinikeze ukwanda okuncane. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, angafa, kepha imvamisa le ndaba incike ekucindezelweni kwesihlahla. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-2-3, ama-pathogen womdlavuza wezimpande abhujiswa ngama-microorganisms omhlabathi kanye nesitshalo siyalulama. Kepha ngokuzayo lesi sifo singabuya.

Ukubhujiswa kwamagciwane womdlavuza wezimpande kusheshiswa kakhulu ngokusabela kwenhlabathi ene-acid (pH ngezansi kwesi-5).

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umdlavuza wezimpande uthinta ngokuyinhloko ingxenye engaphansi yesitshalo, isihlahla sonke sihlangabezana naso

Umhlabathi ompofu nezimo zezulu eziphikisayo zikhulisa kakhulu umthelela omubi womdlavuza wezimpande wamagciwane esitshalweni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kufaka isandla ekutshaleni isikhathi eside ama-raspberry endaweni eyodwa.

Izifo ezingamagciwane kanye ne-mycoplasma

Okuyingozi kakhulu kuma-raspberries yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane nama-mycoplasmas asondele kubo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Okusajingijolo okumfushane okuyi-Bushy. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa impova yezitshalo ezinesifo, ezithwalwa kalula ngamabanga amade. Amagciwane raspberry othelelekile aguqukela amaqabunga aphuzi. Ukushintshwa kombala kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kwemithambo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukubuka ukwakheka kwezindandatho kanye nemigqa noma ukulimala kuwo wonke umhlaba wecala leqabunga. Lezi zimpawu ziphela ngokuphelele engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, emva kwalokho isitshalo esinegciwane singanqunywa kuphela lapho amajikijolo avuthiwe: ancipha ngobukhulu futhi ahlakazeka kalula abe yimidumba eyodwa. Khiqiza ama-raspberry atheleleke ngegciwane le-bushy dwarf virus.
  

  Ukuvuna emhlabwini okusajingijolo, ukuguguleka kwamahlathini okugula, kuncishiswe amahlandla ama-2

• Isimilo. Ehlahleni ehlaselwe yilesi sifo, amaqabunga amaqabunga aguqa phansi, futhi athole nesakhiwo esinzima esigoqekile nombala oluhlaza okotshani, oguqukela ku-bronze brown ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Amahlumela ezithelo athole ukwakheka okungajwayelekile, futhi amajikijolo kuwo ayoma. Ukukhula kwezihlahla ezithintekile kwehlisa ijubane. Izihloko zazo zivame ukufa.
  

  I-Curl ibanga igciwane elihanjiswa ngama-aphid kanye nematode

• UMose. Ama-ejenti ayo we-causative angamagciwane adluliselwa yizinambuzane ezincelayo. Isici esibonakalayo salesi sifo umbala owenziwe ngamaqabunga, owakhiwe ngokungahleliwe, amabala aluhlaza okotshani ophuzi nosayizi ohlukahlukene. Ngesikhathi sokushisa, izimpawu ziyancipha, kepha lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esipholile ziyabuya. Amahlumela ehlathi elinegciwane abe mancane, amajikijolo aba mancane futhi awanambitha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sitshalo siba mncane futhi siyafa.
  

  Izimpawu ze-mosaic mosaic ziba buthaka ngesikhathi sokushisa, kepha zibuye zipholile
• I-chlorosis ethelelekayo, noma i-jaundice. Kuvezwa ngokuphuzi kwamapuleti amaqabunga, kuqala phakathi kwemithambo, bese kuba phezu kobuso bonke. Kepha futhi amaqabunga angagoqana futhi akhanye. Amahlumela ezitshalo ezinesifo ayelulwa futhi anciphile, bese amajikijolo athola ukwakheka okungafani, abe mancane futhi omile.
  

  I-chlorosis ethelelekayo, noma i-raspberry jaundice, njengezinye izifo eziningi zamagciwane zalesi siko, isatshalaliswa ngama-aphid

• Ukukhula kwe-Mycoplasma, noma umshanelo womthakathi. Isifo se-Mycoplasmal, esibonakala ngokuvela amahlumela amaningi amancanyana futhi amafushane esihlahleni se-raspberry. Anombala we-chlorine nezimbali ezikhubazekile, okuvela kuzo izithelo ezingavuthwa njalo. Isitshalo esithintwe ukukhula kwe-mycoplasma ingahlala isebenza iminyaka eyi-10, sonke lesi sikhathi singumthombo wokutheleleka. Kwesinye isikhathi kungaba nokuxolelwa kwesikhashana esifushane ngokubuya kokuzala, kepha ngenxa yalokho, lesi sifo siyasinda futhi lesi sitshalo siyafa.
  

  Ukukhula kweMycoplasma - isifo se-raspberry esibulalayo

Ividiyo: Amabha okusajingijela athinteka yi-viral mosaic

Izilimo eziyizigaxa

Ukulimala okukhulu kokutshala okusajingijolo kubangelwa izinambuzane. Enye yezingozi zazo kunazo zonke i-stem gall midge. Lesi sinambuzane ngumiyane omncane. Abesifazane bakhe entwasahlobo babeka amaqanda abo kumonakalo noma imifantu yemvelo ekuhlumeni okusajingijolo konyaka. Izibungu ze-Orange zibeka kubo, okuthi, lapho bezondla, bavikele izinto ezahlukahlukene kanye nama-pheromones, okuvusa ukwakheka kweziququ ezihlangeni ze-raspberry - amageyimu.

Izizukulwane ezi-3-4 ze-stem gall midge zingakhula ngesizini eyodwa

Amahlumela onakaliswe inyongo midge enza buthaka, aqhekeke futhi avame ukoma. Ababekezeleli isithwathwa futhi bahlushwa ukubuna kobusika. Ubungako kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo ezivuthiwe ezihlahleni ezihlushwa ama-stem gall midges kuncishiswa kakhulu.

Ividiyo: isiqu se-raspberry gall midge

Ama-raspberries nezinye izinambuzane ziyathinteka. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:

• Okusajingijolo-sitrobheli. Kubukeka njengesiphofu esimnyama. Entwasahlobo yokuqala, udla amaqabunga kanye nama-anthers efihlekile. Ama-weevil besifazane adla izimbobo emahlayeni bese ebekela amaqanda, emva kwalokho alume i-peduncle. Ngenxa yalokho, imbali yesikhathi esizayo iyawa noma yomile. Ngemuva kwesonto, izibungu ziqandusela amaqanda, okuthi ngaphambi kokuhlwitha zidle ngaphakathi kwehlo izinsuku ezingama-25. Ebusika, okusajingijolo-sitrobheli kufihla ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile, izigaxa zenhlabathi noma imifantu yawo.
  

  Ubusika, okusajingijolo-sitrobheli kufihla ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile noma izigaxa zenhlabathi

• Leaf futhi ukudubula aphid. Izinambuzane eziluhlaza eziluhlaza. Ubukhulu bawo abudluli ku-2 mm. Zidla ngokutholwa amaselula, ngenxa yalokho izingcezu eziluhlaza zesihlahla zisontekile futhi zonakalisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-aphid ngokuvamile asebenza njengabathwali bezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Amaqanda amnyama alezi zinambuzane ebusika kumahlumela waminyaka yonke.
  

  Amapholphoni we-aphid avame ukuvela esihlahleni nasezingxenyeni eziphansi zamaqabunga okusajingijolo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza
• Ibhungane okusajingijolo. Lesi sinambuzane sivela kumasethi okusajingijolo ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Abadala badla inyama yamaqabunga amancanyana, ama-stamens kanye nama-pestles. Ama-larvae alimaza amajikijolo ngokudla ama-Drupes nangama-gnawing ndima. Izithelo zomhlonyane zehlisa isisindo size zifike ku-50%, zivame ukubola futhi zingakulungele ukudliwa. Amabhungane kanye nezibungu zawo zobusika enhlabathini eduze nasezihlahleni ezi-raspberry ekujuleni kwe-10 cm.
  

  Amajikijolo okulimaza ubhungane kulimaza amajikijolo, okwenza angakufanelekeli ukusetshenziswa

• Umkhaza we-raspberry. Isilokazane esinamacroscopic esihlala ezansi kwamaqabunga futhi sidle ekutholeni iseli. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokubukeka kwayo ukupenda kwamaqabunga amaqabunga nokutholwa kwabo bobunjwa abangajwayelekile. Imikhaza okusajingijolo hibernate ngaphansi kokushayeka kwenhlabathi.
  

  Umkhaza we-raspberry udla on ijusi yeseli

• Isikhala sesicabucabu. Enye inkathazo e-raspberry emuncayo. Ihlala futhi ngaphansi kwesiqalo seqabunga bese idla iseli yeseli. Ingahlukaniswa yi-web, enamakhaza amaningi afaka zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqubukeni kwesihlahla okuthintekile kwezingxenye ezonakele zeqabunga kuyabonakala, kancane kancane kuguquka kube njengokumangalisa kwalo lonke ipuleti, ukomisa nokubola kwawo. I-spider mite isebenza ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezomile nezishisayo.
  

  I-spider mite isebenza ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezomile nezishisayo.

Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo

Uma ama-raspberry bush enesifo futhi alimaze izinambuzane, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokulwa nawo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Unganqotshwa kanjani izifo zokukhunta

Izifo eziningi zokukhunta okusajwayelekile zelapheka kalula. Ngokuvamile, uketshezi lweBordeaux lusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izihlahla ezithintekile. Ingxube ye-sulfate yethusi ne-lime ethambile.Indlela yokusebenza yesiphuzo seBordeaux isuselwe kumphumela olonakalisayo wama-ion atholwe ngokungafanele kuma-spores fungal. Ulamula oshelelisiwe uvimbela ukugeza kwabo kanye nokubonakala kokusha kwamakhemikhali ezitshalweni.

Hlanganisa ukulungiselela i-Bordeaux ketshezi kulula ukuyithola kunoma yisiphi isitolo esikhethekile

Ukwenza iBordeaux Liquid

I-Bordeaux ketshezi ilungiswa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Le nqubo ifaka izinyathelo eziningana:

1. I-100 g ye-sulfate yethusi (ukulungiselela i-1% Bordeaux ewuketshezi) ixubene nenani elincane lamanzi afudumele.
2. Esitsheni esehlukile, i-150-200 g yelayisi ifakwe emanzini ashisayo ukuze kuhambisane no-ukhilimu omuncu (imvamisa lokhu kudinga cishe ilitha elilodwa lamanzi).
3. Isixazululo ngasinye esivelisiwe silethwe kumthamo we-5 l ngokungeza amanzi abandayo.
4. Isixazululo selayisi (ubisi luk lime) sihlunga nge-cheesecloth.
5. Kancane kancane, uvusa njalo, uthele kubisi luk lime isixazululo se-sulfate yethusi.

Lapho ulungiselela uketshezi lweBordeaux, ungasebenzisi izitsha zensimbi futhi uphazamise inqubo, ngokwesibonelo, uthele ubisi lukalamula kwisisombululo se-sulfate yethusi. Uma kunesidingo sokulungiselela isikhunta ngokuhlushwa okuhlukile, inani lezinto lenyuka ngokulinganayo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-3% we-Bordeaux uketshezi, udinga i-300 g ye-sulfate yethusi kanye ne-500-600 g ye-lime.

Umphumela kufanele ube uketshezi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onokusabela okuncane kwe-alkali noma ukungathathi hlangothi.. Ungayibheka ngokulahla ukuhlolwa kwe-litmus kule ngxube, okuvame ukufakwa kwikhithi lokwenza iBordeaux ewuketshezi. Ngokulungiselela okufanele, kufanele kuphenduke okwesibhakabhaka. Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-litmus kube bomvu, khona-ke i-acidity ye-ketshezi kufanele incishiswe ngokwandisa inani lobisi luk lime.

Ividiyo: izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulungiselela uketshezi lweBordeaux

Ukwelashwa kokuhlaselwa kwezihlahla

Isilinganiso esiyisisekelo ekulweni nezifo zokukhunta kwama-raspberries ukuqala kokufafaza kwentwasahlobo kuma-buds okulala nasekwindla, ngemuva kokulahlwa kwamaqabunga, ukwelashwa nge-3% Bordeaux fluid. Le fung fung ingathathelwa indawo ngamanye amalungiselelo asuselwe kubhedu athengiswe ngohlobo lokuqeda:

• I-HOM (i-ingredient yethusi e-chloride);
• I-Cuproxate (sulfate yethusi);
• I-Cuprozan (i-chloride yethusi ne-cineb).

Abalimi abaningi baphinda futhi basebenze ukwelashwa kwekwindla sekwephuzile kwezihlahla ezinesikhunta. Kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga.

Emasimini we-raspberry wezimboni, izidakamizwa ezinamandla ezihlanganisa i-fungicidal, i-insecticidal kanye ne-herbicidal izakhiwo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta.. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-Nitrafen (isixazululo se-2.2-3%);
• I-DNOC (isixazululo esingu-1%).

Lapho usebenzisa le mishanguzo, udinga ukukhumbula ngengozi yayo kubantu, kanye nezinambuzane ezinenzuzo namagciwane. Angeke afafazwe ngezihlahla ezinamaqabunga aqhakaza, kanti ukwelashwa kokutshala okune-DNOC kungenziwa kuphela ngaphandle kwezindawo zokuhlala futhi kungabi isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni emi-3.

Uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa kwama-raspberries nge-fungicides kuyaqhubeka ngesikhathi sokukhula, kuze kuvele amaqanda. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo:

• Isixazululo esingu-1% soketshezi lweBordeaux noma amanye amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi;
• 0,5% isixazululo phthalan;
• Isixazululo sikaKaptan sika-0.5%;
• Isixazululo sikaTsineb sika-0.7%.

Akunconyelwe ukwenza ngaphezu kwezi-3 ukwelashwa kwezihlahla ezi-raspberry ngesizini.

Ividiyo: ungabhekana kanjani nokugquma okusobala okusajingijolo

Yini okufanele uyenze uma kutholakala umdlavuza wamagciwane kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Amabha okusajingijolo athinteka umdlavuza wezimpande wamagciwane, ngenxa yobungozi bawo obuphansi, awudingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile ngamakhemikhali. Khuphula kakhulu izinga lokubhujiswa kwama-causative agents alesi sifo ngama-microorganisms enhlabathi ngokungeza i-superphosphate noma ingxube ye-ammonium sulfate nosawoti we-potassium emhlabathini. Basiza ekuhlanzeni inhlabathi yamagciwane ayingozi kanye nomanyolo we-organic.

Izifo ezingama-raspberry Viral Ngokungafinyeleleki. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokubhekana nabo kungukumba isihlahla sonke esithintekile ngokushisa okulandelayo. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho abakukhuthazi ukutshala ama-raspberries endaweni lapho kutholakale khona izitshalo ezinegciwane iminyaka eminingana.

Kusho ukubhujiswa kwezilokazane okusajingijolo

Ukulwa nezinambuzane, ama-raspberries asebenzisa ama-insecticides (abulale izinambuzane) nama-acaricides (abulale imikhaza). Lapho ucubungula ama-raspberry bush nawo, kuyadingeka ukukhumbula izindlela zokuphepha. Wonke umsebenzi kumele wenziwe ngamagilavu ​​enjoloba kanye nesifihlwa sokuzivikela sokuphefumula esingamasendimitha angama-6.

Amajikijolo afafazwa kuphela esimeni sezulu esomile nesizolile.

Ithebula: Imikhiqizo yokulawula izinambuzane

Izindlela zokuvimbela

Empini yokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane zama-raspberries, ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwazo kubaluleke kakhulu. Indima ebaluleke kakhulu kulolu daba idlalwa ngokukhethwa kwezithombo ezinempilo eziphikisana nezifo ezijwayelekile futhi azihlaselwa yizinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imicimbi enjalo ikhombisa umphumela omuhle:

• ukususwa okufika ngesikhathi kwamahlumela inzalo futhi kungakhuthukiswa noma kuthinteke izifo neziqu zezinambuzane;
• ukuthambisa okuchelela;
• amaqabunga ewile eweni;
• Ukumba Autumn of okusajingijolo;
• izithombo zokutshala mulching ngomquba ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo;
• ukuthambisa ejwayelekile kanye nezigqoko eziphezulu zokugqashula kwibhoni.

Ithebula: Izinhlobo okusajingijolo ezimelana nezifo kanye nezinambuzane

Igalari yezithombe: Izinhlobo ezijikijolo ezimelana nezifo nezinambuzane

Ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu zezifo kanye nomonakalo ngezinambuzane ezinambuzane emahlathini okusajingijolo, ungapheli amandla. Iningi lazo linqotshwa ngezindlela ezikhethekile. Kulula kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuvela kwazo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukulandela imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo bese ukhetha izinhlobo ezingamelana nezifo nezinambuzane ezivamile esifundeni.