Utamatisi abhekwa njengezitshalo ezingenakuzithoba ezingazala izithelo ngisho nangaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele kumnikazi. Kodwa-ke, kukhona "kodwa" - ukunikeza isivuno esiphezulu kungaba kuphela lezo zitshalo, okwakukhona ukunakekelwa okufanele.
Futhi utamatisi udinga konke ngokulinganisela - okwanele ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kokunisela nokufaka umquba. Akayikubekezelela noma yikuphi ukuqhuma komswakama, noma ukumiswa kwe-coma yomhlaba, noma ukwedlula ngokweqile izakhi, noma ukuntuleka kwabo. Ukuze uthole incazelo yegolide lapho uchelela, okuzohlela isitshalo semifino, sikhuthaza ukuthi wazi ukuthi unjani ukuphuza utamatisi ensimini.
Kungani kubaluleke kangaka ukuphuza utamatisi
Ukunakekela utamatisi kuhilela ukuchelela njalo, ukudla, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukuhlwanyela ukukhipha ukhula, ukuhluma kwezintaba, ukuhlanganisa, ukuvimbela, nokuvimbela izinyathelo ezivela ezifweni nasezinambuzane. Ngakho, ukuchelela kuyimfuneko edingekayo futhi ephawulekayo yokutshala le mifino.
Kungani ukuthambisa utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile kubalulekile? Iqiniso liwukuthi ngeminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho ekukhuliseni lesi sitshalo kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwane obuqondile phakathi kokunisela okuphakeme kakhulu kanye nezinga lokufaniswa kwezakhi, kanye nokuchichima kwe-fruiting.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukwazi ukunakekela utamatisi nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ekushiseni, futhi usebenzise le mithetho ngokusebenza, izitshalo ziyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu (kufika ku-+30 ° C) ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi ubeke umoya omile. Ngomswakama omuhle, amaqabunga azoshisa ngokushesha umswakama futhi ngaleyo ndlela avikele ekubhekaneni nokushisa.
Kubalulekile! Izinga eliphezulu lokuthuthukiswa liyabonakala kumatamatisi akhuliwe nomhlabathi umswakama 85-90%.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, impango yamatamatisi uma kunomswakama okweqile. Baqhekeka, baba ngamanzi, abangenasidingo. Ukuhlupheka kusuka utamatisi overmoistening kungakabiphi elahlekelwa amaqanda, izimbali, izithelo. Ukuphuza ngokweqile nakho kushukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ze-fungal esitshalweni.
Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinjalo, abalimi abanolwazi baye bahlakulela izincomo eziningana zokunisela amathisisi kahle.
Kunini lapho kungcono ukuphuza utamatisi ngaphandle?
Ukuphuza utamatisi kungcono kusihlwa, emva kokushisa kwehla. Ezinkathini ezishisayo kakhulu, le nqubo ingenziwa amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga.
Ungaphinde usebenzise ukuchelela ekuseni, kuyilapho udinga ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kwamanzi. Akufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-degree angu-20.
Ungamanzi kanjani utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukunisela utamatisi wensimu kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningana. Ungasebenzisa indlela yokugcwalisa imibhede. Isimiso salo ukuthi lapho utshala utamatisi emiqeleni emibili eceleni kwemiphetho yensimu futhi phakathi nendawo, kwenziwa imifudlana emithathu engajulile.
I-hose yokunisela ifakwa emgodini owodwa, amanzi anikezwa kuwo kuze kube yilapho yonke imifantu isenziwa, bese umbhede wonke ugcwele. Amanzi kufanele anqunywe lapho utamatisi echwebeni elincane.
Uyazi? Ukuze unqume ukuthi umhlabathi uyanisela ngokwanele ngaphansi kwamatamatisi, khetha ucezu lomhlaba kusuka ekujuleni kwe-10 cm bese ulifakela esandleni sakho. Uma uhlobo lwayo lubunjwa kalula futhi nje kalula luphuka, khona-ke inhlabathi imanzi ngokwanele.
Futhi indlela enhle yokuwazisa utamatisi ensimini evulekile kuyoba ukuvuza okungaphansi komhlaba. Yenziwa ngokusebenzisa amabhodlela eplastiki. Ezikhunjini zabo, isikhumba esishisayo senza izimbobo ezincane ezimbili no-1-2 mm ngamunye.
Kubalulekile! Inombolo nobukhulu bemigodi ebhodleleni lokunisela kuyoxhomeka ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi lapho utamatisi ikhula khona. Ukuze inhlabathi enesihlabathi, kwanele ukwenza ezimbili; ngobumba, izimbobo ezine kufanele zenziwe.
Kodwa-ke, kuyoba ngcono ukuthenga izikhonkwane ezitolo ezikhethekile, ezifakwa ezigodini bese kunciphisa ingozi yokulimaza izimpande zezitshalo uma zifakwa emhlabathini. Amathangi aqedwa phansi. Awukwazi ukukusika kuze kube sekupheleni, bese ushiya ngesimo se-lid, okuzovimbela ukukhuphuka komswakama. Amabhodlela aqhutshwa emgodini 10-15 cm ejulile ebangeni elingu-15-20 cm kusukela ku-stem. Kumele kufakwe isembozo phansi emthambekeni wama-30-40 degrees no-prikopat. Lapho ukuphuza ibhodlela ngalinye ligcwele amanzi. Kulokhu, uketshezi kufanele kuhambe kancane kancane. Uma ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa amanzi amathangi ngokushesha ungene emhlabathini, kubalulekile ukulungisa inani lemigodi nobubanzi bawo ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi yakho.
Le ndlela yokunisela inezinzuzo ezimbalwa. Ngokushesha ivumela amanzi ukuba agele ngqo ezimpandeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amanzi angaphansi ayodinga ukwedlula ukuchelela okujwayelekile kusuka epeni noma amabhakede. Futhi, lapho ukuchelela izimpande zotamatisi ngeke kukhulise umswakama womoya, ngakho-ke ingozi yokuthola izifo ezithathelwanayo ezitshalweni izokwehla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ilula kakhulu ukusebenzisa futhi ayidingi izindleko zempahla ekhethekile.
Uyazi? Ngalesi divayisi, utamatisi nawo angakhulelwa ngezixazululo zezakhi.Uma ukhetha indlela yokuchelela nge-hose, kufanele wazi ukuthi udinga ukuwahambisa emmpandeni, ngenkathi ungayiphuli inhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukugwema ingress yamanzi amaqabunga nezithelo, ngoba amaconsi ayo angabangela ukushisa. Ngesizathu esifanayo, kufanelekile ukwenqaba indlela yokufafaza.
Ukunisela ngale ndlela, ukunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa lomoya nomhlabathi, okungaholela ekwehleni kwezimbali, ukubambezela ukubunjwa kwama-ovari namazithelo. Ukunyuka okujulile kwomswakama emoyeni kubangela izifo ze-fungal.
Uma ucabangela lesi sihloko, akunakwenzeka ukungazinaki indlela yokutshala utamatisi ngaphandle kokuchelela. It isekelwe emcimbini wokuthi hydration njalo ayiniki izitshalo ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa impande. Baqala ukukhula kuphela ngesikhathi se-mass fruiting, lapho umswakama kungadingeki kuphela amaqabunga neziqu, kodwa nezithelo. Ngakho-ke, inqubo ye-fruiting ibambezeleka ngesikhathi, futhi ivolumu yayo incishisiwe.
Uma utamatisi ehlulwa izinqubo zokunisela, zona ngokwazo zizoqala ukulangazelela ukudla, futhi izimpande zizokhula ngaphambili futhi ziqine, zikhule ngezikhombandlela ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, utamatisi luyoba namandla futhi lude, isivuno siyoba ngcono kakhulu.
Uma unquma ngale ndlela yokunisela, kufanele wazi ukuthi ngendlela ejwayelekile yokutshala kuyobe ingasebenzi. Kubalulekile ukutshala utamatisi ngandlela-thile - ezindaweni ezizithela ngamanzi amaningi, umquba, umlotha kanye nama-manganese.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaqabunga aphansi angama-4-5 anqunywa kusuka ezilwaneni, ayengena enkulumeni, bese esetshala endaweni enezingqimba ukuze iziqongo zibheke enyakatho. Amaphegi aqhutshwa eduze neziqu, futhi utamatisi ufakwa ngokushesha. Masinyane emva kokutshala, izithombo ziphuziswa kakhulu. Ngeke adinge le nqubo.
Ngokusho komlobi wendlela, lapho ekhulile esebenzisa le ndlela, kuzofika isikhathi lapho kubonakala sengathi utamatisi ubuna futhi ufe ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kushintshwe ngokushesha ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwezitshalo.
Yimaphi amanzi angcono ukuwahambisa
Utamatisi akuthandi ukuchelela ngamanzi okupompi abandayo. Okokuqala, kuyoba nzima kakhudlwana kubo, futhi okwesibili, izitshalo ezithandayo ukushisa, njengamatamatisi, amanzi abandayo akuthandeki.
Kungcono ukuphuza utamatisi ngamanzi ashisayo. Ungakwazi futhi ukuvikela amanzi ompompi. Ukuze unciphise, kufanele uhlanganise ukhula, umquba, umquba.
Uma ungakwazi kakhulu ukuwazisa utamatisi ukuze uhlanganise i-hydration, ukufaka umquba kanye nokuvikelwa ezifweni - lokhu kuyothuthukiswa emanzini okuchelela (amaphini amabili / 10 l).
Ngemuva kokunisela nemvula, kunconywa ukukhulula inhlabathi. Kodwa-ke, ukugwema le nqubo, inhlabathi ingafakwa ngotshani obunamanzi.
Amazinga wokusetshenziswa
Ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa samatamatisi akhulayo, ngokwesilinganiso, kuzothatha ama-5 amalitha amanzi ngokunisela ngamunye; ubude - 10 l.
Ziningi kangakanani ukuphuza utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukuze unqume ukuthi ingakanani amanzi utamatisi ensimini, udinga ukwazi umthetho owodwa olula. Lezi zitshalo zidinga ukuchelela okungajwayelekile kepha okunamandla. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubambelela kuwo emva kokutshala nalapho wenza ama-ovari.
Iqiniso lokuthi utamatisi uhlushwa ukungabi nomswakama, bazotshela izinguquko ekubukeni - bayobumnyama futhi bafeze amaqabunga.
Kubalulekile! Umphumela omubi wokuthuthukiswa utamatisi unisela ukuvama njalo ezinxenyeni ezincane.Uma unesithakazelo kangaki ngesonto ukuthambisa utamatisi, kutuswa ukuba ukwenze kanye noma kabili ngesonto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphele ukuthi ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi kufanele lume. Lapho kukhona imvula kufanele iphuze kancane.
Kukhona umehluko ekutheni uketshezi kwezitshalo ezincane nezindebe. Ukuphuza isidingo sokuqala sokunciphisa lapho izithelo zazo zingena esiteji sokuvuthwa. Ngemva kwesikhashana, kuzodingeka bayeke ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuzogwema utamatisi wokuqhekeka, ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezinjenge-spotting brown kanye nokulimala.
Ziningi kangakanani izinhlobo eziningana zezitamatisi okufanele ziphuze? Sikukwazisa ukuba wenze lokhu njalo ngosuku lwesine. Ukuvama kokunisela kwezitshalo ezinjalo akuxhomeki esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwazo.
Kubalulekile! Uma izitshalo zithola ukungabi namandla kwamanzi amaningi ngesikhathi sokusungulwa kwe-ovary kuze kuvuthwe utamatisi, lokhu kungabangela ukuchithwa kwe-ovary nokubunjwa kwezithelo ezincane.Kudingeka futhi uqaphele ukuthi kubalulekile kangakanani ukuphuza utamatisi ngemuva kokutshala. Kufanele ulinde isikhathi esithile ukuze uqhubeke nokuchelela njalo. Ungakhathazeki mayelana nezitshalo, ngoba umswakama owenziwe emgodini ngesikhathi sokutshala, kuzokwanela isikhathi eside.
Izithombo ezitshaliwe okokuqala zanisela ezinsukwini ezingu-10-14. Ukuchelela kokuqala kungahlanganiswa nokuvimbela i-phytophthora bese usebenzisa isisombululo se-potassium permanganate (2 g / 10 l amanzi).
Utamatisi awudingi kakhulu emhlabathini umswakama. Noma kunjalo, ukuze uthole kubo isivuno esicebile nesimanzi, ukuthembela kuphela emvula, kunzima. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusiza utamatisi ngamanzi.
Noma kunjalo, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela efanele, besebenzisa izinga eliphezulu lokunisela futhi ubenze ngezinga eliphakanyisiwe. Ungase futhi uzame futhi usebenzise ngendlela yakho yezitshalo zokutshala utamatisi ngaphandle kokuchelela.
