Isimbali se-Ahimenez - indlela yokukhulisa isitshalo

U-Achimenez uyimbali yomndeni wakwaGesneriev ngobuhle obumangalisayo. Ebantwini yaziwa ngamagama athi i-nettle, orchid nati noma izinyembezi zomfelokazi. Lesi sitshalo satholakala okokuqala ngekhulu le-18 emahlathini emvula aseNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi. Namuhla kungabonakala kokubili ezindlini nasezindlini ezizimele. Ukuthandwa kwembali kusekuqhakazeni kwayo okuningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Incazelo emfushane yezimbali

Abahlakuleli basungule inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zalesi sitshalo esihle. Zonke ziqhakaza ngobukhulu futhi zikanokusho, zijabulisa iso ngezimbali eziqhakaze ngokumangalisayo zesimo esingajwayelekile. Ngokubukeka, i-Achimenes iyimbali emangalisa kakhulu nesigaxa esiqondile nesisincane, esiqala ukulengiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amaqabunga anomumo wamazinyo afana nezimbabazane. Izimbali ngokwazo zinjengezinsimbi eziphakeme. Inemibala eminingi: obomvu, obomvana, onsomi, omhlophe, ophuzi.

Isimbali se-Achimenes

Izinhlobo ze-Achimenes

Namuhla ungathola izinhlobo eziningana zezitshalo nenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezihlukile. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu:

• Ama-Achimenes amakhulu-flowered (Achimenes qrandiflora). Izwe lakubo yiMexico. Ibhekwa njengembali enkulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane futhi ingafinyelela ubude obufika kuma-65 cm. Kulula ukukhula. Amacembe makhulu, afinyelela ku-10 cm ngobude aze afike ku-7 cm ububanzi. Izimbali zikhula ngamaqoqo, amahlumela amaningana angavela emgodini owodwa. Umbala wabo oyinhloko onsomi.
• Ama-Achimenes ahlala amabali amade (Achimenes lonqiflora). Lesi sitshalo esimise okwenziwe ngesilinganiso esingu-ampel. Ikhula ibe ngu-30 cm ukuphakama, ibe nezimpande ezingaphansi komhlaba. Amaqabunga aluhlaza ngombala, ngama-pubescent amancane, amade ngesimo, emaphethelweni e-serrate. Izimbali ezinkulu ezinobukhulu. Umbala umhlophe, uphuzi, noma onsomi ngomucu eduze kwe pharynx.
• I-Achimenes Georgia (Achimenes Juareqia). I-ampel emhlophe enezimbali ezinkulu, ifinyelela ku-6 cm ubukhulu. I-Ahimenez Juareqia idala ama-cascade amahle, ibonakala ngentuthuko esebenzayo nokuqhakaza kwezimbali.
• Ahimenes amnandi (Achimenes dulcik). Isitshalo siphakathi ngosayizi, sinamahlumela aqondile namaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza. Izimbali zimhlophe, zifana nokubukeka okufana nentsimbi, enama-petals amancane asongwe ngaphandle. I-pharynx ibanzi, phakathi kukhona isigaxa esinombala we-lime, esinamaconsi amancane ansundu. Inokukhanya okubuthakathaka kakhulu nephunga elimnandi.
• Ama-Achimenes aqala (Achimenes erecta). Lolu hlobo lwezimbali lufika kusayizi ofinyelela ku-40 cm. Unamahlumela nezimbali ezibomvu ezine ububanzi ka-1 cm. Ubomvu be-Achimenes bunamaqabunga aminyene futhi aqhakazile.

Izinhlobo zezimbali

• I-Achimenes yaseMexico (Achimenes mexicana). Ifinyelela ekuphakameni okungamasentimitha angama-50. Ubukhulu bezimbali buphakathi nendawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-nimbus ebunjiwe bell, maphakathi nendawo kukhona ibala elimhlophe, nomucu ophuzi emqaleni. I-Achimenes violet inezimpande ezinkulu eziqondile ezinamaqabunga e-emerald aqabile.
• Achimenes Misera. Lesi sitshalo siphakathi ngosayizi, izimbali zimhlophe, zifinyelela kububanzi obungamasentimitha 1. Amaqabunga mancane, aluhlaza ngombala omnyama, abekwe endaweni ephezulu.
• I-Achimen-white-white (Achimenes candida). Lesi sitshalo sinezimbali ezimhlophe qhwa - iqhwa, kuyaqabukela kune-tinge ephuzi. Inesimo sefulemu. Amaqabunga asemaphethelweni ahlanganisiwe, futhi amahlumela abukhali, abomvu ngombala omnyama.
• I-Achimenes levinozevy (Achimenes antirrhina). Lolu hlobo lwe-Achimenes lunezimbali eziphakathi nendawo, ene-corolla ephuzi, lapho kubonakala khona iphethini ebomvu egcwele. Amacembe aluhlaza ambozwe nge-villi emhlophe.

Ukunakekelwa okufanele kwama-Achimenes ekhaya

Ekhaya, izimbali ze-Achimenes azithobeki. Kepha futhi udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukunakekelwa okufanele nokunempilo ngesikhathi ngasinye sentuthuko.

Ukushisa, ukukhanyisa kanye nomswakama

Ama-Achimenes abonakala ngokukhanya kwemvelo, kepha ehlobo kuchazwa ukuthi ukufihla imbali kusuka elangeni eliqondile. Isidingo sokukhanya kwelanga kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali. Ngomthamo omncane wokukhanyisa, isiqu singadalulwa, bese izimbali ziphela.

Isitshalo sithanda umswakama ophakeme, kepha akufanele usifafaze imbali ngamanzi, ngoba amabala ngokubukeka okungabonakali angabonakala emaqabungeni. Ukuze ukhule isitshalo esinezimbali futhi ukhulise inkomba yomswakama womoya, kubekwa imbiza ekhethekile enesitshalo efasiteleni, ibeka amatshe amatshe noma ubumba olwandisiwe ngezansi.

Izidingo zenhlabathi kanye nezimbiza

Ubukhulu bebhodwe lezimbali kufanele buhambisane nosayizi wohlelo lwezimbali. Okufanele kakhulu ingxube yomhlaba ngokususelwa ezingxenyeni eziningana zenhlabathi enamahlamvu. Enye ingxenye yomhlaba olula wefit, kanti enye isihlabathi. Okunye okufanelekile yingxube yenhlabathi yezingxenye ezintathu zomhlaba we-turf:

• humus;
• isihlabathi;
• i-perlite noma i-vermiculite.

Ngokwengeziwe, kuyelulekwa ukwengeza amalahle aqoshiwe kanye ne-sphagnum oqoshiwe.

Ukunisela njalo kubalulekile kulesi sitshalo

Imithetho Yokunisela

Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ama-Achimenes aniselwa kaningi, avimbele inhlabathi ukuthi ingoma. Inketho engcono kakhulu iwukunisela epanini, ukuze amanzi angangeni emaqabungeni, okuqeda ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama. Amanzi okunisela kufanele abe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ukondliwa kokuqala kwenziwa kungaphelanga inyanga nesigamu emva kwesimo sokuqala sezithombo eziningi. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, isitshalo asidingi ukuvundiswa.

Izihlahla kanye transplanting

Uma ufuna ukuba nesihlahla somhlobiso esicwebezelayo esinezimbali ezivamisile, lapho izihlahla ezincane zenzelwe lokhu, ngaphezulu kweqabunga lesibili noma lesithathu. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlanza ukufiphala okusha nsuku zonke. Izimbali ze-Achimenes zitshalwa kabusha entwasahlobo. Ama-Rhizomes (ama-rhizomes) abekwa ebhodweni elibanzi elinamanzi amahle. Ngemuva kokumboza ngesikhwama sepulasitiki noma ngengilazi, kuze kuvele amahlumela amasha.

Izici zezitshalo eziqhakazayo

Isici esiyingqayizivele sembali, ngenxa yokuthi sithandwa ngabalimi abaningi, isikhathi sezimbali, esibonwa kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, kanye nobulula bokutshala.

Isikhathi somsebenzi nokuphumula

Ngesikhathi somjikelezo waminyaka yonke, ama-Achimenes adlula ezigabeni eziningana zokuthuthuka, yingakho ukunakekelwa nokulinyelwa ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka kuzohluka. Sekukonke, izinkathi ezi-2 zokuba khona kwembali i-Achimenes juaregia ziyahlukaniswa.

Isikhathi somsebenzi

Izimbali ze-Achimenes zinde, ekhaya zingaqhakaza kabili esikhathini kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba. Izimbali zokuqala zivame ukuvela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo siqhakaza kakhulu futhi ngokugqamile. Isigaba sesibili sezimbali senzeka ekwindla futhi sibizwa kancane. Izimbali ezincolile ziyaqhuma ukuze zivuse ukukhula kwamahlamvu amasha.

Isikhathi sokuphumula

I-Achimenes inesikhathi esimisiwe, esiqala ukusondela ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngemuva kokuba zonke izimbali ziwile, lesi sitshalo soma kancane, futhi izimpande zigcwele amajusi, zilungiselela ubusika. Ngesikhathi sokulala, imbali kufanele ithole ukunakekelwa okufanele, okubandakanya ukuthambisa okulinganiselwe, ukukhanya okuphansi futhi kugcinwe izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-16-18 ℃ ngaphezulu kwe-zero. Kubalulekile ukuthi isitshalo singavuki ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uma lokhu kusenzeka, khona-ke imbiza ihanjiswa endaweni ekhanyisiwe noma emhlabathini ovulekile.

Izimbali ze-Achimenes zizoba ziningi futhi zinde isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka phambi kokuncipha okufika ngesikhathi kwezihloko zezimpunga ezincane. Inqubo yenziwa lapho ubude bezithombo bungadluli ku-2,5 cm.

Izinhlobo nobume bezimbali

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izimbali zensimbi enhle yomumo ongajwayelekile kanye nombala okhanyayo ngokumangazayo kuvela eziqwini zesitshalo. I-inflorescence inesakhiwo esidlulile esifinyelela ku-5 cm kanye nenkomishi, enamakhasi ayi-5. Izimbali ezakha amahlumela zingajwayelekile noma ziphindwe kabili, ziqonde, zinamabala noma zinezintambo. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zesitshalo, izimbali zaso zingaba nalombala:

• reds;
• mhlophe
• oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
• oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• amakhorali
• ophuzi;
• onsomi.

Izimbali zaseMexico zesitayela zemvelo zibukeka kahle, ezinombala onsomi ngokuhlanganiswa nentamo emhlophe. Imiphetho yangaphandle ye-inflorescence imvamisa ine-fringe ethile ebukhali.

Izindlela zokukhiqiza izimbali

Ukufakelwa kwesitshalo kwenziwa minyaka yonke. Kungcono ukwenza inqubo emasontweni okuqala kaDisemba. Ekhaya, ukutshala ama-Achimenes kwenziwa kolunye lwezinhlobo ezimbili: kusetshenziswa imbewu noma ngendlela yokusika.

Ukutshala imbewu

Ukutshala imbewu

Indlela elula, kepha kodwa ehlala njalo yokufudusa imbali. Imbewu isezindlini ezinamabhokisi aluhlaza ahlala elenga ezigxobeni ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yezimbali. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini, kufanele ivuthwe izinyanga ezimbili. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, kufanele wenze okulandelayo:

• Qoqa imbewu bese uyihlwanyela ingxube yesihlabathi neqabunga lomhlabathi. Awudingi ukufafaza ngaphezulu.
• Nyakazisa inhlabathi usebenzisa ibhodlela lokufafaza.
• Beka imbiza nesitshalo endaweni emnyama bese uyimboza ngefilimu noma ingilazi.
• Dala izimo zokushisa eziphezulu. Ukuze imbewu ikhule, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe phakathi kuka-22 ℃.

Ngokusebenzisa ukuthambisa okuphansi, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15-20, ukubonakala kokuhluma kokuqala kuyabonakala. Ngemuva kwalokhu, amahlumela ayatshalwa.

Izimbumbulu

Le ndlela yokuphinda isetshenziswe iyivelakancane, ngoba izimbumbulu zivame ukubola. Ehlobo, lapho kuvela amahlumela amasha, ukunqunywa kususwe kuwo ngokucophelela, bese kubekwa esihlabathini esimanzi esihlanganiswa nenhlabathi eshidi. Ukuze kube nokubangwa kwezimpawu, afakwa emanzini, kodwa kulokhu kungenzeka ukubola kukhuphuke kakhulu. Ngemuva kokutshala okusikiwe esihlabathini, zimbozwa ngengilazi noma ngefilimu.

Ukuze isitshalo siqale ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, kunconywa ukuthi siphathwe ngesikhuthazi sezimpande (Kornevin, Heteroauxin). Futhi, ukufudumeza okuphansi kuzosiza ukusheshisa inqubo yokubamba kwezimpawu.

Izinkinga ezikhulayo, izifo kanye nezinambuzane

Ama-Achimenes, ukunakekela nokutshala kwawo okungathathi isikhathi esiningi nomzamo, kunzima impela ukukuqeda. Ukushaya indiva imithetho yokunakekelwa akukufanele, njengoba lesi sitshalo singenqaba ukuqhuma, silahlekelwe yindawo yaso yokuhlobisa. Abatshali bezimbali abasebenza ngisho nezazi abanolwazi bangase babhekane nezinkinga:

• Izindawo ze-Beige ezinezimbobo zamaqabunga. Zenzeka lapho kusetshenziswa amanzi abandayo noma anzima ekuniseleni.
• Amaqabunga asontekile, ewa efihlekile ngisho nangaphambi kokuba avule. Imbangela ukushisa ngokweqile.
• Ukwenza mnyama, izindawo ezinwabuzelayo kweziqu. Ingakheka ngenxa yokunisela okuvame ukuhlangana nokushisa okuphansi.
• Iziqu ezinde nezincane ezinamaqabunga amancanyana, izikhala eziphakathi nendawo ezifika ngobukhulu obukhulu. Inkinga ibonwa ngokungabi nokukhanya.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu:

• I-Fusarium Kubonakala ngokubola kwamaqabunga kanye namahlumela. Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukususa izingcezwana ezibolile zesitshalo, ukwelapha izimpande ngokukhipha kukaMax kanye nokudlulisela esimthanjeni esisha, esake saphathwa ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate. Isitshalo sembiwe.
• Ukubuka izindandatho. Kuhambisana nokwakhiwa kwezindawo ezikhanyayo kumaqabunga amaqabunga, athola kancane kancane i-hue emnyama. Ukuqeda le nkinga, sika amaqabunga athintekile bese uhlela kabusha isitshalo endaweni enelanga.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Ukwelapha imbali ye-achimenez, ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kufanele kube okulungile. Kwesinye isikhathi isitshalo sithintwa izinambuzane ezinjengama-aphid, izimbuzane zesigcawu, ama-thrips kanye nama-mealybugs. Ama-insecticides asetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane eziyingozi. Ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokunakekelwa nokukhula, imbali izokuthokozela ngokuqhakaza kwayo okunethezeka isigamu sonyaka.