Ama-Dahlias yisiko lokuhlobisa elibonakaliswa ngamabhishi aqhakaza nezimbali eziqhubekayo kulo lonke ihlobo. Abalimi abaningi bezimbali bathanda imbali, kepha ngenxa yokuqhakaza okukhulu kwesitshalo ezinambuzaneni nasezifo, ukuthandwa kwayo kuyancipha kancane kancane. Inkinga ixazululwa ngokuphelele uma ukwelashwa kwezihlahla okufika ngesikhathi kwezihlahla kanye nokugcinwa okufanele kwama-tubers ebusika kwenziwa.
Ukuchazwa kafushane kwesitshalo
I-Dahlia umuthi waminyaka yonke noma ongapheli, kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo. Isiko lingelomndeni wakwa-Astrov. Endle, lesi sitshalo sitholakala ezindaweni zezintaba zaseMexico, eChile, eGuatemala, eColombia. Ama-dahlias anamuhla angama-hybrid ayinkimbinkimbi asebenze ngomsebenzi omude wokuzala. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwatholakala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezinemibala ehlukahlukene yamaphara, kanye nosayizi nokwakheka kwezimbali.
AmaDahlias atheleka ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
Ama-dahlias ase-perenni anezimpande ezihlanganisiwe, ezinamathela, lapho kuqongelela khona umswakama kanye nezakhi zomzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukuzihlinzeka ngayo yonke into edingekayo. Ifomu likaDahlias lakha iziqu ezingenalutho eziyisi-50-200 cm ukuphakama. Amaqabunga aminyene acwengekile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka atholakala kuwo wonke ubude bawo. Izimbali zeDahlia zinesimo sebhasikidi, lapho kungaba khona umhlanga, ummbila, ophakathi nendawo nowama-tubular. Umbala wazo uyamangalisa futhi unemibala.
Kubalulekile! Ama-Dahlia inflorescence eza ezinhlobonhlobo zemithunzi ngaphandle komnyama, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Lesi sitshalo asibusika ebusika
Ngokufika kwamaqandeni okuqala, ama-tubers kumele ambiwe bese athunyelwa ebusika endaweni epholile neyomile. Entwasahlobo bayatshalwa. Lapho nje umhlaba ufudumala kahle, isitshalo siqala ukukhula. I-Dahlia blooms ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi futhi ihlala kuze kube ekwindla sekwephuzile.
Yini ebanga lesi sifo?
Izinhlobo zama-hybrid ze dahlias ngokwengxenye zalahlekelwa ukungaziphathi kahle kwemvelo, futhi ukutholakala kwezitshalo emiphumeleni yamagciwane kwanda. Noma yimaphi amaphutha ekunakekelweni nasekugcinweni kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kungadala ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo. Lapho kukhula imbali, kubalulekile ukulandela izindlela zokuthibela, ngoba akuzona zonke izifo zama-dahlias ezelaphekayo.
Ukunakekelwa okungafanele
Izici ezahlukahlukene zingavusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo. Zonke zihambisana nokunakekelwa okungafanele kwesitshalo.
Izizathu ezivamile:
- ukugcinwa kwama-tubers at umswakama ophezulu noma ophansi kakhulu;
- ukwahlukaniswa okungalungile kwe-rhizome entwasahlobo;
- ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo;
- ukuthambisa ngokweqile noma okuncane;
- ukuntuleka kwemithi yokuvimbela;
- ukuqina kokufika;
- ukwehluleka ukuzungeza kwezitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Imvamisa, izinambuzane zingabathwali bezifo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uhlole amahlathi bese uwathatha kusibonakaliso sokuqala sokuxazulula
Izifo ezijwayelekile
Ama-Dahlias avame ukuthintwa izifo zokukhunta. Lapho kukhula imbali esizeni, kufanele wazi ukuthi avela kanjani nokuthi kufanele enzeni uma kuvela izimpawu zokutheleleka.
Ukubuka kweqabunga
Isizathu esidabukisayo ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhunta ukuqina kokutshala. Ngokuphikisana nalesi sizinda, izinga lokungena komoya phakathi kwezitshalo liyancipha, okuholela ekwandeni komswakama. Isifo seqabunga le-Dahlia singabonakala ngezindawo eziphuzi ezikhanyayo zesimo esingajwayelekile kanye nomngcele ofiphele. Kamuva, umthunzi wazo uba nsundu, futhi umngcele uthola umbala omnyama.
Kubalulekile! Uma ibala lingaphathwa, isitshalo asikwazi ukuqhakaza ngokugcwele.
Ungaqeda lesi sifo ngezidakamizwa:
- Fundazole;
- sulfate yethusi;
- Oksikhom.
Ukubuka kweqabunga kukhula kancane
Ukubola okumpunga
Lesi sifo singaba imbangela yokuthi ama-dahlias angakhuli aqhakaze. Ngesikhathi salo, amabala ansundu avela emaqabungeni, wona, ngokuswakama komswakama, ambozwe ngomphetho omhlophe grey.
Nakani! Uma lesi sifo sikhula lapho lesi sitshalo sesizoqhakaza, khona-ke kuvela amabala emilengeni, ekugcineni ebolile.
Amalungiselelo okulwa nokubola okungwevu:
- I-Topsin;
- Benleit;
- I-Rovral.
I-Verticillus neFusarium wilt
Lezi zifo zinezimpawu ezifanayo, kepha zinama-pathogener ahlukile. Ekuqaleni, isikhunta sithinta izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa zesitshalo, bese sikhuphuka bese kuba yisizathu esenza i-dahlias inyakaze futhi ibune. Izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo ziba zipinki noma zibe nsundu. Ukwelashwa, kufanele usebenzise i-Fundazole noma i-Oxychom.
Kubolile uBrown
Lesi sifo sithinta amahlumela amancane ezitshalo ezisele. Ukufika okujulile kakhulu kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kuyinto ethokozisayo. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi amahlumela aya buthaka, ngoba awunawo amandla anele okuphuma.
Imikhiqizo yokwelapha ukubola onsundu:
- Alirin;
- I-Fitosporin;
- Gamair.
Ezinye izifo
IDahlias ithinta nezinye izifo. Ngayinye yazo inezici zayo ezihlukile.
Isizathu esenza ukuthi i-dahlias iqhume futhi ikhule kabi ingaba:
- I-Powdery Mildew Kubonakala ibala elimhlophe phezu kwamahlamvu. Lapho lesi sifo sikhula, sithola i-brown hue emdaka. Kamuva, amaqabunga aqothuka ngokuphelele, futhi lesi sitshalo siyayeka ukuqhakaza. Lapho i-Powdery isikhutha ivela kuma-dahlias, kuyadingeka ukwelapha isitshalo nge-Skor noma iTopazi.
- Umlenze omnyama. Kuvela isifo lapho isitshalo sitshalwe ngembewu noma ngemisiko. Izici ezinikezayo ukuthambisa ngokweqile kanye nokushisa komoya okupholile. Isibonakaliso somonakaliso womugqa omnyama ezansi zezithombo. Kamuva, isiqu esikule ndawo sinwebekile futhi siqhekeke. Ukwelashwa, izithombo zinconywa ukuniselwa ngezisombululo ze-Previkur Energy noma ze-Maxim.
Ungabhekana nale nkinga uma ungasinquma lesi sifo
Izifo ezingalapheki
Ezinye izifo azinelashwa. Ukuphela kwendlela kuleli cala ukuvimbela ukwanda kwezifo ze-pathology. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isitshalo esinegciwane kufanele sitshale.
Izifo ezingelapheki ze-Dahlia:
- Igciwane likaMose. Kubonakala emaqabungeni ngemivimbo elula. Ngemuva kwalokho anda ngosayizi, futhi lonke ipuleti liba nsundu. Kulokhu, amaqabunga awawa.
- I-Tuber galls. Ngesikhathi salesi sifo, ama-warts ama-bloated avela endaweni yentamo yezimpande. Ngenxa yalokhu, amahlumela ezitshalo akhula okhubazekile, futhi akakwazi ukukhula ngokugcwele.
- Mycosis. Isibonakaliso sokuqala somonakalo ukuthi amaqabunga esitshalo aqala ukuguquka aphuzi, ngokungabi namanzi. Kodwa ukuchelela ayixazululi le nkinga. Ngenxa yalokhu, yonke ingxenye engenhla iyaphela ngokuphelele.
- I-Fusarium Kuboniswa amabala ansundu avela emahlumela nasemacembe. Ngemuva kwalokho ziyakhula bese zibangela ukufa kwesitshalo.
Izinambuzane
Imvamisa, izinambuzane zithinta isiko. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukulwa nabo, udinga ukuthola ukuthi ngubani ongadla i-dahlias nokuthi yiziphi izindlela ezingcono ongazisebenzisa.
Ama-aphid
Uma ama-aphid avela kuma-dahlias, inkathazo ibekwa emahlumela awo amaqabunga amasha. Lezi zinambuzane zakha amakoloni wonke, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungazinaka. Njengomphumela womonakalo we-aphid, ukukhula kwesitshalo kunciphisa, ukuqunjelwa kukhubazekile, nesihlahla singakuyeka ukuqhakaza ngokuphelele.
Izinduna on dahlias, kanjani ukuphatha ehlathini? Ungalwa nalesi sinambuzane esiyingozi ngosizo lwezidakamizwa: Intavir, Actellik noma Decis.
Ama-aphid ngeke avumele isitshalo ukuba sikhule ngokugcwele uma singabhujiswa
AmaNematode
Lezi zibungu zilimaza amahlumela, amaqabunga kanye nezinhlamvu zesitshalo. Isibonakaliso somonakaliso wokukhanya kukhona amabala akhanyayo, athi kamuva abe mnyama futhi afe. Njengomphumela womsebenzi we-nematode, isihlahla esibonakala ngokusobala ukukhula, amahlumela namaqabunga asonakele.
Ama-dahlias athintekile kumele abiwe futhi ashiswe. Endaweni efanayo, imbali ayinakutshalwa kabusha. Ukuze ulwe nenkathazo, udinga ukusebenzisa ama-marigolds, uwafaka endaweni ethile eduzane. Iphunga lalesi sitshalo liyazicindezela ama-nematode.
Izimbungulu zemifino
Izinambuzane zidla amaqabunga amancane esitshalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinqubo ze-metabolic ezicutshini ziyaphazamiseka. Ekuqaleni, kuvela amabala ansundu emaqabungeni, bese amapuleti ancibilike ngokuphelele.
Ngenombolo encane yezilokazane, ungaziqeda ngendlela yabantu usebenzisa isixazululo esuselwa kunensipho yeConiferous. Uma i-lesion inkulu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo e-Mospilan noma e-Iskra-M.
Kubalulekile! Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukucubungula kwezihlahla ekuseni, njengoba ngalesi sikhathi izimbungulu zingasebenzi.
Ama-gastropods
Lezi zidalwa zenziwa ebusuku. Zikhangwa ngamaqabunga amancane esitshalo. Izinambuzane zigaya izimbobo kuzo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zizidle ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuthinta kabi isihlahla sokuhlobisa.
Ukubhubhisa i-slugs, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo asuselwa ku-irondehyde. Kwisimo sezulu esomile, ungathela umlotha wezinkuni, upelepele obomvu noma i-superphosphate ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Ukubhubhisa ama-slugs, enza izicupho zobhiya, ngoba athanda iphunga lalesi siphuzo.
IGreenhouse Whitefly
Uvemvane omncane omhlophe obekela amaqanda ngemuva kwamaqabunga esitshalo. Kuvela kubo izibungu ezibabayo. Ukubhubhisa ama-whiteflies, kuyadingeka ukunisela izitshalo ngesixazululo esisebenzayo se-Aktara futhi ngasikhathi sinye fafaza amahlamvu nge-Mospilan noma i-Actellik.
I-Deer noma i-Shaggy Bronze
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izinambuzane ezinkulu ezimnyama ziyavela kuma-dahlias. Ubukhulu bawo bube yi-1 cm. Baziphakela eziqongolweni, emifanekisweni nakumahlumela ezimbali. Ukufafaza ngama-insecticides akunikeli imiphumela efiselekayo, ngoba abasanda kufika bazothatha indawo yokubulala izinambuzane ezifile. Ukuphela kwendlela yokugcina i-dahlias ukuqoqa amabhungane ngesandla.
Okunye
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-dahlias angahlushwa amabhu e-gamma scoop. Lesi sinambuzane sisebenza ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Isinambuzane sidla umpe wezimbali ngaphandle kokulimaza kakhulu isitshalo.
Ingozi ivezwa izibungu zayo ezilimaza nezilimo eziyizigaxa ze-dahlia. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo obalulekile, lesi sitshalo siqala ukubuna. Ukuze kubhujiswe amacimbi, kunconywa ukusebenzisa isidakamizwa iFufanon.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Kuthiwani uma i-dahlias ingakhuli? Umbuzo onjalo ungezwakala kubalimi abaningi. Ukukhula kancane kancane kubangelwa kakhulu yizifo nezinambuzane. Ukuze uvikele inkinga enjalo, kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvimbela lokho.
Imithetho eyisisekelo:
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, nezilimo eziyizigaxa kumele zifakwe emanzini ngesixazululo sezinambuzane kanye nesikhunta imizuzu eyi-15.
- Ngaphambi kokubeka i-dahlia yokugcina i-rhizome yayo, kufanele yomiswe.
- Bheka ukujikeleza kwezitshalo.
- Gcina izitshalo ebusika egumbini elipholile, elomile elinethamo lomoya.
- Gwema ukufaka amanzi ezihlahleni.
- Fafaza izitshalo ngamalungiselelo akhethekile kabili ngesizini ukuvikela ukutheleleka.
AmaDahlias awakhuli kahle, ukuthi enzeni kuleli cala, kuba sobala lapho kukhonjwa imbangela yempande. Ukuze ungabhekani nenkinga elandelayo, kuyadingeka ukuqapha isimo sezilimo eziyizigaxa ebusika nasezihlahleni kuyo yonke inkathi.
