Labo abaqale ukuhlangana nokutshala ama-orchid ekhaya, abakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi bakhula kanjani ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, imvamisa benza iphutha lokuthola inhlanganisela yenhlabathi evamile yokutshala. Kodwa uhlelo lwezimpande lwembali lufuna ukufinyelela mahhala komoya, ngaphandle kwalokho luzofa ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngaphambi kokuthenga le ndlovukazi yezindawo ezishisayo, kufanele ufunde ngokuningiliziwe "izinketho zayo zokunambitha" bese unquma ukuthi yimuphi umhlabathi odingekayo kwi-orchid.
Izidingo zokwakhiwa kwenhlabathi
Abalimi abaningi be-amateur banesifiso sokuthi umhlaba ongasetshenziselwa ukutshala ama-orchid amahle. Umhlaba wezitshalo ezinjalo uhlukile kubo bonke abanye izingxube zenhlabathi ezisetshenziselwa abalimi. Ama-Epiphytes awanconywa ukuthi atshalwe ezweni elijwayelekile elithathwe embhedeni wezimbali noma engadini. Bazodinga ukudala i-substrate elungele indlela engavamile yokukhula. Ngezansi kuchazwe izingxenye eziphambili zengxube yenhlabathi yama-orchid, kanye nokulungiselela kwawo ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo ebhodweni.
Isigatshana sama-orchid
Ungathenga izinto ezithile zenhlabathi esitolo noma uziqoqe. Eqinisweni, akunzima ukuhlanganisa i-substrate ngezandla zakho, okubaluleke kakhulu, isifiso nokuhambisana nemithetho yokuqala.
Bark
Ama-Orchid atshalwa endaweni engaphansi, okubandakanya amagxolo a yisiphi isihlahla noma ngisho nesihlahla somhluzi. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo eziningi zesihlahla zinegobolondo elincanyana futhi eliqinile, elingalungele kakhulu ama-orchid. Ngomhlabathi we-phalaenopsis, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-porous, kepha igxolo eliwugqinsi. Yilolu hlobo olungakwazi ukudonsa kahle futhi ligcine umoya omningi kanye nomswakama, odingekayo ekuphefumuleni nasekondleni izimpande ze-orchid, zithuthukise umbala wazo.
Nakani! Kungcono ukusebenzisa amagxolo kaphayini wezihlahla ezivuthiwe, ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50 ubudala, futhi zinegobolondo elinobukhulu obungu-8-12 mm engxenyeni engezansi yesiqu.
Izindawo lapho ungathola khona amagxolo ama-orchid atholakala kuwo wonke umuntu. Leli ihlathi likaphayini, ipaki noma isikwele, lapho lezi zihlahla zitshalwa khona. Uma i-sawmill itholakala eduzane, amagxolo angathathwa lapho.
Nakani! Ukuqhekeza amagxolo ezihlahleni eziphilayo akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Ukulimala ngomshini kungaba yimbangela enkulu yezinambuzane "esilondeni" esivulekile sesihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagxolo asanda kufakwa afaka izinto eziningi zestry eziyingozi kuma-orchid.
Lapho uvuna amagxolo, kubalulekile ukusika izinkuni.
Umhlaba wama-orchid
Coconut fiber
Isisekelo sikakhukhunathi senziwa kusuka egobolondeni nakwisikhumba sangaphandle kakhukhunathi. Ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba ilungele kahle ukutshala i-orchid ngalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:
- kubhekwa njenge-organic ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokuthambekela okuyingozi okuvela ngaphandle, okwenza futhi kube nobungani bemvelo;
- kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi engabizi kakhulu;
- lungasetshenziswa njengesisekelo esizimele, kanye njengengxenye yokulungiswa kwesiqendwana;
- imicu kakhukhunathi iboniswa umthamo omuhle womswakama kanye no-aeration - izakhi ezidingekayo zokukhula kwama-orchid.
Kubalulekile! I-acidity yenhlabathi esekelwe kwifayilithi enjalo ayithathi hlangothi, okungukuthi, indawo ekhululekile ngokuphelele yenzelwe ukuthuthuka okugcwele kwezimpande.
Ngefomu layo elihlanzekile, ama-flake kakhukhunathi angasetshenziswa, kodwa ayovunyelwa ngokwengeziwe ngama-orchid amakhulu. Izimbali ezincane zidinga i-substrate yezingxenyana ezincane zegobolondo lukakhukhunathi
Amalahle
Ngaphezu komphumela wamanzi odalulisiwe, ngokungangabazeki amalahle azosiza ukulinganisela i-acidity enhlabathini yama-orchid. Kepha, njengenye i-adsorbent, amalahle azoqongelela usawoti omningi kakhulu ngemuva kwesikhashana. Ngemuva kwalokhu okuwusizo, ngeke alethe noma yini kulesi simila. Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi nezikhathi kuzodingeka ukubuyisela okunye okusha.
Ingathululelwa ngenani elincane futhi kuphela kwisigatshana esingaphansi kwalezo zimbali ezingadingi ukuvundiswa njalo. Uma ufaka amalahle amaningi ebhodweni nge-orchid, kunengozi yokungalingani kukasawoti.
Ngemininingwane! Ungasebenzisa amalahle ajwayelekile kusuka emlilweni oshisiwe. Qinisekisa ukuwasha, omile bese uwugaya kahle. Izingcezu kufanele zibe usayizi ongu-4-5 mm (ungabi ngaphezu kuka-1 cm).
Amaminerali
Lezi zingxenye zingeniswa emgodini ongaphansi kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu kwezakhi, okwenza sikwazi ukunxephezela ukushoda kwezakhamzimba ku-microelements enkulu yenhlanganisela esemqoka. Amaminerali futhi avimbela ukunqwabelana kosawoti abahlukahlukene emhlabathini, futhi kusize nokugcina acidity ethile yesigcawu sonke. Ukugqoka kwe-Orchid kufaka i-nitrogen, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-boron ne-magnesium, i-iron nesibabule. Kumthamo omncane, i-orchid idinga ukugqoka okungaphezulu, okukhona kuyo i-zinc, chlorine, i-silicon, isibabule, i-manganese namanye amaminerali.
Izakhi ze-substrate yama-orchid
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa izakhi ezilandelayo ze-substrate: izimpande ze-fern, i-foamglass, i-sphagnum moss. Abalimi abaningi bengeza izingcezu ze-polystyrene, kodwa kungcono kakhulu ukungazenzi.
Uma udinga ukufaka izimpande ze-fern, ungazimba ngokwakho. Izingxenye ezinkulu zohlelo lwempande kuphela okufanele zisetshenziswe. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi lapho kukhula khona ingxenye yesitshalo, ebanzi yohlelo lwezimpande, yilokho okudingekayo. Izimpande zinconywa ukuthi zigezwe kahle ngamanzi afudumele, omisiwe, ahlukaniswe abe yizicucu kungabi ngaphezu kuka-2 cm.
Nakani! Uma ufuna ukwengeza i-sphagnum moss epaki lezimbali nge-orchid, ungayiqoqa entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa ezindaweni eziphansi. Le ngxenye ibonakala ngempahla ebactericidal futhi iqongelela amanzi ngokuphelele. Faka isicelo kuphela kwifomu elomile nelisha.
Ingilazi ye-Foam iyisisekelo esinamagovu enomthamo omuhle kakhulu wokuswakama. Isakhiwo esingajwayelekile, esibuthakathaka sendawo esemhlabeni senza sikwazi ukuqongelela amanzi kuma-micropores enhlabathi, futhi siguqele ngokusebenzisa ama-macropores. Lokhu kuvumela umoya-mpilo ungene ezimpandeni zesitshalo, sizondle kahle.
Izinketho zokwakhiwa kwenhlabathi yama-orchid
Yebo, ungathenga izingxube zomhlabathi ezenziwe ngomumo zama-orchid ezitolo zezimbali, kepha angaba namatshe amaningi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ulondoloze isitshalo, kungcono ukwenza isigcawu se-orchid ngezandla zakho. AmaPhalaenopsis akhula kahle ngokwenele emhlabathini kusuka kuzakhi ezisesilinganisweni esilandelayo:
- izingxenye ezimbili zamagobolondo nopayini;
- ingxenye eyodwa yamalahle nobumba olwandisiwe.
Ungasebenzisa i-primer enjalo yama-orchid:
- izingxenye ezintathu ze-oki noma ze-pine bark;
- ingxenye eyodwa yobumba olwandisiwe, izimpande zefern namalahle.
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi yama-orchid ngezinsimbi zakho kungaqokwa ngokuzimela. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi zonke izakhi kufanele zicutshungulwe futhi zomiswe kahle. Lokhu kuzosusa konke isikhunta se-pathogenic.
Izidingo zokulungiswa kwenhlabathi ekhaya
Ukwenza i-substrate yama-orchid ngezandla zakho, kufanele ulungiselele ngokucophelela isakhi ngasinye. Ukubhekelwa okuphezulu kuyadingeka amagxolo ezihlahla, i-moss sphagnum nezimpande ze-fern. I-Niche uhlelo lwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokulungiselela izingxenye zesigcawu.
- Qoqa amagxolo ezihlahleni ezomile ubilise isigamu sehora. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuhle ukuyomisa.
- Bese uthele i-moss ngamanzi abilayo amahora angama-2-3 bese ususa izinambuzane ezifile kuyo. Ngemuva kwalokho, oma kahle i-moss.
- Kungcono ukumba izimpande ze-fern ehlathini. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlanza, ugaye futhi uwomise emthunzini.
- Zonke izingxenye zenhlabathi yama-orchid asemakhaya zigcinwa esitsheni esinomoya futhi zihlanganiswe kuphela ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, umhlaba wama-orchid athululelwa ngamanzi ashisayo amahora ambalwa.
Nakani! Ingxube yomhlabathi eqediwe kufanele futhi ilungiselelwe ukutshala isitshalo esisetshenziswa endlini. Ekuqaleni, kufafazwa kahle ukuze kususwe uthuli nezinhlayiya ezincane. Bazovimba kuphela isitshalo ukuthi singakhuli ngendlela evamile, sivale isikhala samahhala.
Uma inhlabathi ye-orchid inephunga le-mushroom elingajwayelekile, kwenqatshelwe ukuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kwe-disinfection, ngoba ama-microorganisms we-pathogenic asevele ekhula ngamandla kuyo. Inhlabathi engcolisiwe kumele ithelwe ngamanzi abilayo amahora ama-2-3 noma abilisiwe (amahora ayi-1-1,5). Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele ilashwe nge-ejenti ekhethekile ye-antifungal.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Umswakama womoya
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-orchid akhula kahle nezimbali eziqhakaza isidingo sokugcina amazinga omswakama afanele ezingeni elifanele:
- ama-phalaenopsis 60-80%;
- kwe-pesendrum 50-75%;
- kwezinkomo ezingama-60-70%;
- ye-bulbofillum 40-50%.
Nakani! Amanani omswakama wezinhlobo ze-intra-genus nama-nzalo angahluka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izimo ezikhulayo zesibonelo ngasinye kufanele zichazwe ngisho nangaphambi kokuthenga i-orchid.
Izimpawu zokuthi isitshalo sizizwa singathandeki ngenxa yomoya owomile ngokweqile:
- imiphetho yamashidi iphenduka iphuzi futhi yomile;
- efihlekile iwa kancane;
- ikhefu elide phakathi kwezigaba zezimbali;
- ukuqina kwamaqabunga kuyancipha;
- isitshalo siyabuna.
Iningi lezinhlobonhlobo ze-orchid kanye nzalo etshalwe ezindlini zezimbali zasekhaya zivumelana kahle nezimo zasekamelweni futhi zizizwa zijwayelekile emswakama ukusuka kuma-40 kuye kwangama-60%. Inkinga ukuthi ebusika ngesikhathi sokushisa le nkomba ingadonsa ngaphansi kuka-20%. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwandisa umswakama egumbini:
- thenga i-humidifier noma i-generator enenjini;
- ukhule i-orchid e-florarium;
- beka i-aquarium noma umthombo omncane wokuhlobisa eduze nembali;
- njalo unisela isikhala esiseduze nembali kusuka kwesibhamu sokufafaza;
- faka amathawula ahlanzekile emabhethri;
- faka i-lipalepothi yetreyi nge-filler enomswakama (i-moss, ubumba olwandisiwe, amatshe amatshe).
Inhlabathi
Lapho kunqunywa ukuthi hlobo luni lomhlaba oludingekayo kuma-orchid, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lo ongaphansi komhlaba kufanele ube njalo ukuze izimpande zesitshalo zikhule ngendlela evamile futhi efanelekile ebhodweni. Ukwakheka komhlaba wama-orchid ngokwendabuko bekuyizithako eziningana hhayi zemvelo kuphela kodwa futhi zenziwa. Zikhethiwe futhi zihlanganiswa ukuze uhlelo lwezimpande lungaboli, ukuhamba komoya nokukhanya akunqunyelwe. I-acidity yomhlaba wepali elingaphakathi endlini kufanele ibe maphakathi, pH5.5-6.5.
Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu ezithengiwe kubhekwa njenge-orchiat, equkethe amagxolo kaphayini waseNew Zealand. Abalimi abaningi bezimbali baluleka ukutshala izitshalo ezincane ekwakhiweni okunjalo, okungasheshe kuqiniswe izimpande zezakhi zephansi. I-Orchiat igcina ukwakheka kwayo zonke izakhi ezinenzuzo nama-microorganisms.
Nakani! Le ngxube yenhlabathi enobumba idonsa kahle, igcine futhi inikeze umswakama.
Ukukhetha ibhodwe le-Orchid
Indawo yokuqhakaza imbali ye-orchid akuyona nje indlela yokuqokomisa ubuhle besimbali esingaphakathi. Imbiza ekhethwe kahle kufanele ibe yincane ngosayizi kanye nokuvuleka kwaseceleni. Ingaphakathi lembiza kufanele libe bushelelezi.
Ukukhetha kwebhodwe
Clay
Ezitolo ungathola ukukhethwa okubanzi kwezimbiza ze-orchid ezinobumba obuningi bezimbobo ezinhlangothini.
Ubulukhuni bokubumba okungaphakathi kwembiza kungaholela ekufiphiseni izimpande ezindongeni zethala lezimbali kanye nokomisa okusheshayo kwengxube nezimpande zenhlabathi. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, udinga ukukhetha amabhodwe wobumba obucwebezelayo, ubuso bawo bushelelezi kancane.
Clay ikuvumela ukuba ulondoloze unomphela izinga lokushisa olifunayo. Ngaphambi kokutshala i-orchid endaweni enezimbali, kufanele uyihlise emanzini amahora ambalwa. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi imbiza igcwale amanzi, okuyobe kunikeza izimpande zezimbali. Uma udinga ukhipha isibulala-mbiza embizeni yobumba, kufanele usibeke ngaphambi kokufaka kuhhavini amahora ayi-2 emazingeni okushisa angama-200 ° C.
Kubalulekile! Izimbali zezimbali ezenziwe ngobumba nobumba kufanele zikhethe izithunzi ezikhanyayo. Lokhu kuzobandakanya ukushisa ngokweqile kohlelo lwe-orchid lapho luvezwa ukukhanya kwelanga. Kufanele kube nezimbobo eziningi endaweni yokufaka izimbali, hhayi eyodwa kuphela lapho wonke amanzi ngokweqile engeke abaleke.
Ipulasitiki
Empeleni, wonke ama-orchid, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zomhlaba, athengiswa ezitolo emabhodweni epulasitiki athumela ukuthunyelwa. Izinzuzo zeziqalo zezimbali ezinjalo:
- Izimbiza ezenziwe ngopulasitiki zibhekwa njengengabizi futhi zilula. Ngodonga olubonakalayo kulula ukuqonda ukuthi kuyadingeka yini ukunisela imbali;
- izimpande zama-orchid akhula zibe ipulasitiki, futhi uma kunesidingo, i-orchid ingakhipha kalula embizeni yokuyifaka kwenye imbali yezimbali noma ngenhloso yokuhlukanisa;
- Okwesithathu, izimpande zama-orchid amaningi zibonisa ngendlela efanayo namaqabunga, futhi ukufinyelela ukukhanya kwelanga kuyadingeka ekwakhekeni kwawo okuvamile.
Uma uthenge i-orchid egelezayo ebhodweni elijwayelekile elivelayo leplastiki, musa ukujaha ukuyifaka. Ezitsheni ezinjalo, imbali ingakhula ngempumelelo futhi iqhume kahle isikhathi eside. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuhambisa isitshalo, akunconywa ukuthatha indawo enkulu kakhulu yezimbali, lapho kunendawo enkulu khona. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-orchid izosebenzisa amandla hhayi ekuqhakazeni izimbali, kodwa ukuze uhlelo lwempande lungagcwalisa isikhala sethothi lezimbali bese sizilungiselele kulo ngokuqinile.
Hhayi-ke, yimuphi umhlabathi okufanele uwukhethe ngokutshala uchazwe ngenhla. Kuyafaneleka ukulalela izeluleko ukuze imbali etholakele engaphandle ingafi ngemuva kokufakelwa.
