I-sweet potato yisitshalo esishisayo esithandayo ngokungafani njengamazambane amazambane. Naphezu kwemvelaphi yaso yaseningizimu, yayinamathele kahle emgwaqeni ophakathi.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, isakazeka emhlabathini, njengomvini, ekwakheni izimpande. Yilezi zilimo eziyizigaxa futhi zingaqoqwa, upheke uphinde udle. Indlela yokutshala isimangaliso esinjalo engadini yami futhi ugcine isivuno, sizokhuluma ngokuqhubekayo.
Amazambane amazambane
Emhlabeni wonke kukhula inqwaba yezinhlobo zamazambane, kodwa akuzona zonke ezifanele ukulima esimweni sethu sezulu. Abalimi basekhaya kufanele baqaphele izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhulile, lapho inkathi ekhulayo iyinsuku ezingu-90-110.
Kodwa ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ungathola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo ngombala we-pulp, isikhumba nokunambitha. Ngendlela, izinhlobo ezithile zinambitheka kancane kancane, ezinye zihlukana kahle. Kukhona labo abahluleka ukuhlukaniswa namazambane ajwayelekile, kodwa kunezilimo eziyizigaxa ezine-flavor nutty kancane.
Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukukusho kahle lokho okuthandayo amazambane. Ake sihlathulule kafushane izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezikhulayo emgwaqeni ophakathi:
- "Okumhlophe" ligama layo ngombala obomvu obomvu we-pulp, ophikelela ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa okushisa. Iyakuthanda njengamazambane ajwayelekile wezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu. Inesikhathi sokuvuthwa esijwayelekile, iqhuma phakathi nehlobo. Kukholelwa ukuthi iqukethe izinto ezandisa ukuphila.
- "Japanese" Unomzimba okhanyayo nesikhumba esibomvu, futhi uthanda njengamazambane, kodwa kunomnandi kakhulu futhi wome.
- "U-Tynung T-65" yasungulwa eTaiwan. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zokuqala ezihamba phambili, ezakha izilimo eziyizigaxa ezikhulu kakhulu. Unesithombeni esiphundu senyama nesikhumba esibomvu. Ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane.
- "U-O'enen" - owomile, othakazelisayo ngenyama ephuzi kanye nebanga lesikhumba elikhanyayo. Ukulwa nezifo. Phuma ngezinsuku ezingu-90.
- Ukunqoba-100 ligcwele ezindaweni zethu, lithatha isivuno esihle ngisho nangomnyaka owomile. Ibuye ibe nenyama ephuzi kanye nenambitheka enhle.
- "Ginseng Red" igama layo lisuka esikhwameni esimhlophe-pink, nakuba inyama yayo imhlophe-ophuzi. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezithintekayo zinikeza isivuno esihle.
- "Manchurian" unomzimba ophuzi ophuzi ophuzi, ombozwe isikhumba esibomvu. Amaphethini okukhula kanye nemikhiqizo enhle ezindaweni ezincane.
- "Mhlophe" iyinzalo yezinhlobonhlobo zakudala, inomusa omncane, ofana kakhulu namazambane ajwayelekile.
- "Garnet" Kuthandwa e-United States futhi sithanda izingane ngombala we-orange wenyama kanye nenambitheka enhle kakhulu. Yiqiniso, isivuno asikona kakhulu.
- "Jewel" ithola izimpande kahle ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zezulu. Umbala omningi we-orange omswakama omanzi omnandi ombozwe nge-sandpaper enemibala yethusi.
- "Beoregard" - Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zaseMelika ezinqotshwa nezifo nezinambuzane. Ibhekwa yizivuno eziphezulu, kuyilapho izilimo eziyizigaxa ziqhuma kancane. Lokhu kuyinhlobonhlobo yokuqala kanye nokuvuthwa kwezinsuku ezingu-110. Unomzimba omuhle omnyama we-orange kanye nesikhumba esinemibala yethusi.
- "Ruby Carolina" waqamba igama laso isikhumba esibomvu esinesihluthulelo kanye nenyama enhle kakhulu. Okumnandi, okumanzi, akuvamile ukugula.
- "UVardaman" okufanayo ukunambitheka kumazambane ajwayelekile, nakuba kunenyama ekhanyayo ye-orange kanye nobumnandi obuncane.
- "Covington" i-pulp ephuzi elimnandi e-orange orange. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zinezansi. Igcinwe kahle.
Izithombo ezikhulayo ekhaya
Indlela eyinhloko yokuzalisa amazambane amazambane - amahlumela noma imivini, ehlukaniswa nezimpande. Kukhona namathuba okukhula kusuka kumbewu, kodwa akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezinikezwa ngobuningi obanele. Ngakho-ke, imbewu iqoqwe ikakhulukazi ekuzaleni, ikakhulukazi njengoba ihluma kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! I-sweet potato inenkathi ende yokukhula, lapho kufanele ithole ukushisa okukhulu. Ngokuqondene nokuhlinzeka ngezimo ezinjalo kwisimo sezulu sasekhaya, kunzima ukutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa, akanaso isikhathi sokuqala. Ngakho-ke, amazambane atshalwa kuphela ngezithombo.Isikhathi sokutshala i-tuber sincike lapho uthola khona. Uma esitolo, ihluma izinyanga ezimbili kuya ku-2 ngaphambi kokutshala. I-tuber ethengwe kusukela kuma-batatovods isethwe ezinyangeni ezingu-1-2.
Ukutshala i-tuber ngezithombo ngezindlela ezimbili: enezingqimba noma eziqondile.
Esikhathini sokuqala, ithangi elinamabhodwe okugeleza ligcwele umhlaba ogcwele amanzi, isanti ithululelwa phezulu kwe-1-2 cm (ngezinye izikhathi nge-sawdust). Izimbiza ze-Tuber eceleni komgwaqo, inhlabathi inamanzi amaningi.
Isiqukathi sifakwa endaweni enezinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kwe-20 ° C futhi lihlale liphuziswa. Lapho nje amahlumela evela, amandla angathathwa endaweni ekhanyisiwe. Ungalinda amahlumela afinyelele ku-10-15 cm, kodwa kufanele afundiswe kancane kancane ekukhanyeni.
Uyazi? Uma i-tuber ibolile, ingxenye echithiwe inqunywe, futhi ukusika kuphathwa "ngopende oluhlaza".Ukutshala okuqondile kufaka indawo yemvelo yezilimo eziyizigaxa, njengoba zikhula ensimini. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhluma okunjalo. Ukukhetha kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo zezambane.
Uma ikhula ngokushesha, ukuhluma owomile kungasetshenziswa lapho i-tuber itshalwe njengendlela yokumisa, kodwa isethwe ngokuqondile futhi ingabi namanzi.
Ngokuhluma "okumanzi", i-1/3 ngokuzenzekelayo igxila emanzini. Kule ndlela, kuvunyelwe ukusika i-tuber ngokweqile bese ihluma ngamasentimitha. Zingafakwa ngaphakathi emanzini kancane kancane, zinqunywe noma ziphathwe nge-carbon esebenzayo futhi zicindezeleke kahle emhlabathini olungiselelwe.
Uma kuvela amahlumela, alindelwe uma engafinyeleli ngaphansi kuka-15 cm ubude futhi anqunywa ukuze kune-internodes ezingu-2-3 ku-germ. Zifakwa emanzini bese zilinde ukuqhuma.
Ukukhanyisa
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isitshalo sithanda kakhulu ilangeni. Ngisho nomthunzi omncane kuwo kuyingozi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba ukhule izithombo kanye ne-yam ngokwawo kuphela ukusuka ohlangothini oluseningizimu nasezindaweni ezikhanyisiwe.
Kubalulekile! I-yam ngeke ibophe izilimo eziyizigaxa futhi ikhule lapho ingenashushu ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlela ukushisa kwendawo lapho ikhula khona. Ngesizathu esifanayo, inqwaba yezinsuku ezishisayo ayiyona isiqinisekiso sokukhula kwayo okuhle. Inani lokushisa okukhiqizwa kubalulekile.
Umhlabathi nomanyolo
Umhlabathi ofanele amazambane ama-sweet potatoes, sandy, sandy, loamy, lapho amanzi ahlala khona ngamamitha angaphezu kwamabili. Kubalulekile ukumba umhlabathi, ngoba lesi sitshalo sithanda ukukhuleka kwenhlabathi, kodwa singabi ngaphansi kuka-20 cm, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande ziyoba eside kakhulu futhi zibe mncane, futhi izimpande ngeke ziboshwe kubo.
Gcwalisa inhlabathi ngaphansi kokutshala kufanele kube ukuwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele iguqulwe umanyolo ngesilinganiso se-3 kg yomquba ovuthiwe noma u-5-6 kg we-compost, i-20 g ye-superphosphate, i-15 g ye-potassium sulfate ngayinye imitha yendawo.
Ukunisela nokutshala umhlabathi
Lesi sitshalo simelana nesomiso, kodwa ezinyangeni zokuqala, lapho kunokukhula okujulile kwama-yam, kufanele kuphuziswa kakhulu. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umthamo wokuchelela kufanele unciphise, futhi amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna, ayeke ngokuphelele.
Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, ukufaka umquba owodwa noma amabili owengeziwe kumanyolo eziphilayo kufanele kwenzeke. Phakathi no-Agasti, bazama ukwenza ukugqoka okuphezulu ngokuqukethwe kwe-potassium, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi kuvuna. Nakuba esabela kahle ekudleni okuphilayo.
Uyazi? Buka amahlamvu esitshalo. Uma ithole i-hue eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ivuliwe noma iphuzi - lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esicacile sokuthi amazambane amazambane akanayo i-potassium eyanele.
Indlela yokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Manje ake sibone ukuthi sizotshala nini amanzi emhlabathini. Impendulo ilula - uma izimpande ziba ngu-5 cm ubude. Uma kusabanda kakhulu emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zingafakwa ezinkomishini ngenhlabathi, kodwa ungayigcini lapho isikhathi eside ukuze izimpande zingangeni, zibhubhise isivuno esilandelayo.
Qaphela lokhu uma ufika emhlabathini ovulekile. Uma izimpande zinyene kakhulu, zingadliwa. Kunconywa ukuthi utshale amahlumela acishe ahambisane nendawo. Khona-ke izimpande zitholakala eduze nombuso futhi zibe nesilinganiso esifanayo. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, ama-2-3 ama-knots kumele afakwe emhlabathini..
Kungenzeka ukutshala isitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile emva kwamaqhwa okugcina lapho inhlabathi ivunguza kufika ku-18 ° C. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwe-15 ° C, kungase kungakhulumi, futhi ngo-10 ° C, kungase kufe.
Kunconywa ukwenza imibhede ivuleke, ngoba izilimo eziyizigaxa zinezinga eliphakeme. Ekuqaleni kufanele ihlanganiswe nefilimu, mhlawumbe ibala. Ngakho isitshalo siyothola umthamo wokushisa, kanti ukhula olungenawo umoya luzofa. Cabanga ngesistimu yokuchelela ngaphansi kwefilimu kusengaphambili.
Kubalulekile! Uma ungasebenzisi ifilimu, qiniseka ukuthi i-yam ayiyizimpande kuma-internodes, ngaphandle kwalokho uzothola isivuno esincane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngezikhathi ezithile udabula imigqa bese uphakamisa amagatsha, ususe izimpande ezincane.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ukuvuna kungaba lapho amahlamvu eqala ukuphenduka. Njengomthetho, sekuyizinsuku ezingu-90-110 emva kokufika. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi alingaphansi kwe-11 ° C. Ngenkathi umba, khumbula ukuthi lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa manje sezibuthakathaka, futhi zingaba kude kakhulu ehlathini.
Ngemuva kokuvuna, ngokushesha ukhethe izimpande zezithombo, uwageze esisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Lawa kumele abe nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezilinganiselwe ngaphandle kwemonakalo.
Omunye umbuzo ukugcina amamu ukuze agcine "impahla" yakhe ibheka isikhathi eside. Okokuqala, kufanele igcinwe isonto elilodwa lokushisa kwe-30 ° C kanye nomswakama wesihlobo ka 90-95%, ngezikhathi ezithile ukuphuza umoya. Kulesi simo, izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zihlale zingagciniwe. Ngemuva kwalendlela, isikhumba se-tuber sizoqina, ukukhwabanisa kuzophulukisa, futhi isivuno singagcinwa kuze kube seminyaka emibili.
Uma kungekho zimo ezikhethekile, zigcinwa amasonto amabili endaweni efudumele, ziqapha njalo ukuze zingakhuli. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zifakwa kahle emabhokisini futhi zilondolozwe endaweni eyomile, emnyama, engenawo umoya onokushisa kwama-12-20 ° C. Ezimweni ezimanzi, ingahle ibole.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo ze-yam
Lesi sitshalo sithandwa ngoba okuqukethwe kwekhalenda e-sweet potato kuncane - 61 kcal nge 100 g yemifino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le vidiyo yomkhiqizo iqukethe ama-2.5 g amaprotheni, ama-14 g amafutha, ama-13.9 g we-carbohydrate, 1.3 g we-ash, 81 g amanzi. Futhi amazambane athile amavithamini B, C, PP, A, riboflavin, thiamine, niacin, ascorbic acid, phosphorus, calcium, carotene.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuqukethwe komswakama kuncane kakhulu kuqhathaniswa namazambane ajwayelekile. Nakuba isitashi se-sweet potato siphatha izifo zesigubhu sezinsi. I-fiber yayo emnene iyanconywa kulabo abangavumi ukubekezelela i-fiber yemifino evamile.
Kwabaningi, umbuzo uvela ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba udle yam eluhlaza. Inyama yezinhlobonhlobo ezithile inomusa futhi inomnandi kangangokuthi kunzima ukulahla injabulo enjalo. Kuvela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okunjalo kuyamukeleka. Kodwa, ngokuyisisekelo, isitshalo sesitshalo singenakho ukucubungula okuhlukahlukene, futhi kusuka kuwo ungapheka izitsha eziningi okumnandi.
Ukulimaza nokuphikisana nokudla amazambane amazambane
Amazambane amazambane avame ukunconywa abesifazane besesimweni sokumisa isikhashana, ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi imifino igcwele amahomoni wesifazane. Yize kunjalo ngenxa yalokhu, amazambane awanconywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka neze ukuba izinsana zinikezwe.
Ngaphezu kokukhulelwa nokulahla, kunezinye izigaba zabantu abangalimaza imifino. Okokuqala, laba bantu banokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi umkhiqizo. Kumelwe futhi ukuwenqaba uma unayo:
- isilonda se-duodenal;
- i-gastritis;
- i-diverticulosis;
- i-ulcerative colitis;
- i-spastic isilonda sesilonda;
- urolithiasis;
Udaba lokulimala kanye nokuzuzwa luxoxwa ekunqumeni izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemifino. Izakhamuzi zincoma batusa ukudla okungaphezu kwama-200-300 g yam ngeyanga, futhi lo mthetho kufanele uhlukaniswe izikhathi ezimbili.
