Utamatisi afuna ukunakekelwa. Kubo, izimo, ukunisela nokugqoka phezulu kubaluleke kakhulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu esivunweni esicebile ukunkonkotha - ukususwa njalo kwamahlumela akamuva.
Le nto ivame ukunganakwa abaqalayo, inikeze utamatisi ukwakha iziqongo ezingenamsebenzi, zizincishe isivuno.
Isidingo sokutshala utamatisi
Esikhathini sezulu esihle sezwe elingokomlando laseMelika Ephakathi, ukungahambisani namasiko ngenqubo. Ihlobo elide, ubusika obufudumele bukuvumela ukuba udubule amajikijolo avuthiwe unyaka wonke. Futhi asikho isidingo sokukhawulela inani lamahlumela we-oda lesibili nangaphezulu. Wonke ama-ovaries anesikhathi sokugcwalisa futhi avuthwe ngokugcwele.
Izimo zezwe lakithi azikuthandi ukutshalwa kwamatamatisi njengama-perennials. Ukuze izithelo zithole usawoti nokunambitha, inani lazo kumele lilinganiselwe. Lona umgomo oyinhloko wokuphina.
Inqubo iphoqelekile cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zitshaliwe yini emagumbini okugcina izithombo noma emhlabathini ovulekile. Stepsons - side amahlumela nomthelela omubi ukuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla:
- Amavithamini athathwa kumatamatisi.
- Khulisa isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo.
- Yehlisa isivuno sezilimo.
- Amajikijolo ane-shading ayagqitshwa. Ukuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga kuthinta ukunambitheka kwezithelo.
- Umqhele omisiwe yindawo enhle yokuthuthuka kwezifo. Futhi izitshalo ezibuthakathaka zanda ngokushesha izinambuzane.
Ukususa amahlumela ngokweqile kukhulula abahlali basehlobo kanye nezigceme zabo ezinkingeni eziningi, kunomthelela ekuvuthweni kwezithelo okugcwele okufika ngesikhathi.
Umnyombo wokuncipha kwezilwane nezinhlobo
Inqubo ye-agrotechnical ukususwa njalo kwamahlumela avela kuma-axils amaqabunga. Ukusebenza okulula kubandakanya ukwazi imithetho ethile - ukuthi kwenziwa nini futhi kaningi kangakanani, mangaki ama-stepons asuswa ngesikhathi, umyalo wokubulawa. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi izici zomsebenzi owenziwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi.
IPasynkovka ihlose ukwakha isihlahla ukuze sithole inani elikhulu lezithelo ezihlwabusayo ezivuthiwe kulo. Ngokusekelwe kulo mgomo, izinhlelo ezine zenqubo ziyahlukaniswa:
- isiqu esisodwa;
- isiqu sesibili;
- -thathu;
- ungene.
Esiqwini esisodwa kusho ukuthi basusa konke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, uhlangothi luvele. Isihlahla sikhula ngobude, utamatisi omkhulu uvuthwe kuso. Imvamisa esetshenziswa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Lokhu akuniki nje kuphela ukwanda kwesisindo sezithelo kanye nokwehliswa kwesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Ngenxa yokungena komoya okuhle kwezitshalo, ubungozi bezifo buncishisiwe, ukwelashwa kokuvimbela kwenziwa lula. Emhlabathini ovulekile, indlela isetshenziswa ezimweni ezifushane zasehlobo.
Esimweni sesibili, inqubo eqinile isele esele phezu kwebhrashi yezithelo zokuqala. Kamuva, izinyathelo ezisele kuzo zombili iziqu ziyasuswa. Uhlelo lokusebenza le-Universal.
Inketho yesithathu inikeza imiphumela emihle kuphela emibhedeni evulekile yezindawo eziseningizimu. Esikhundleni esilinganiselwe isetshenziswa uma okungenani 1 sq. M sabelwe esihlahleni ngasinye. m - Ukusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni ngokweqile kwendawo eluhlaza.
Ifomu elingene lilungele utamatisi omude futhi ongangeneki emhlabathini ovulekile. Umqhele wenziwa ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
Okokuqala, ihlumela elinamandla le-axillary lishiywa cishe kumamitha ayi-1. Lapho ibhulashi lembali lakha kulo, cindezela isiqu esikhulu. Isinyathelo sesibili - kusiqu sokufaka esikhundleni, sibuyele emuva mayelana nemitha ukusuka esisekelweni, khetha inqubo eqinile elandelayo. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-buds akhiwe ekuhlolweni okusha, igatsha elingena esikhundleni liyabhincwa. Ngakho-ke phinda ezinye izikhathi ezingama-2-3, uma izimo zivuma.
Ukungena nge-pinching kuhlanganisa nokuncipha kwezithombo ezikhiqizayo. Kubeka umkhawulo ukukhula kwamagatsha futhi kuvimbele ukubopha kwamabhulashi ezithelo, ngokusobala ongeke ube nesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Zisetshenziswa futhi ezimweni lapho izithelo ezimbalwa ziboshelwe esiqwini esikhulu. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo siphonsa amahlumela aqinile asemuva, anikeze isivuno esengeziwe.
Phina izihlahla ngaphezulu kweqabunga kulandela ibhulashi yezithelo elingaphezulu eboshiwe.
Enye ingxenye kungukubalwa kwenombolo yamaqabunga abantu abadala. Izihloko eziphezulu akufanele ziphazamise ukushintshaniswa komoya, dala isithunzi esikhulu ngaphezu kokuvuthwa utamatisi. Ukususa amaqabunga aphazamisayo, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ababambe iqhaza kwinqubo ye-photosynthesis.
Ukuwela ngokuya ngebanga
Izinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi ziyamangalisa. Ukuze kube lula, ukunquma uhlobo oludingekayo lokwakhiwa kwezihlahla, zonke zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu: ngokuvuthwa; degree kanye nesikhathi sokukhula; usayizi wezithelo; abamba ukushisa kanye nenhlabathi.
Izinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe nezesejwayelekile azihlali zizingane zokutholwa. Uma kukhona ama-bush ambalwa, kepha ukubuyiselwa okuphezulu kuyadingeka kuwo, atshalwe ngeziqu ze-1-2. Utamatisi wethemu ephakathi neye sekwephuzile - ngamabili noma amathathu. Indlela le inqunywa ngokuya ngemibandela yokulima kwesilimo.
Utamatisi okhula kancane, noma ocacisayo - kuphela uma ukhule emhlabathini ovikelekile.
Utamatisi weSemi-Detinant (ophakathi nendawo) akhiwa amahlumela ama-1-2 ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo; izingane zokutholwa zisale emibhedeni evulekile ukukhulisa isivuno.
I-Indeterminate (ukukhula okude nokungapheli okungenamkhawulo) ngaphansi kwezimo. Babopha ibhulashi yezithelo kuphela ngaphezulu kwamashidi ayi-7 nangaphezulu. Uma sivumela ukukhula kwamahlumela asezingeni eliphansi, isivuno asikwazi ukulinda. Indlela ephumelelayo yesihlahla izithombo ezingama-1-2 zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo, emibhedeni evulekile 2-3. Isidingo sokuqala sibuye sicwecwe izitshalo ngendlela yasekwindla. Ezingadini ezifudumele ezifudumele, utamatisi onjalo awunakubekelwa umkhawulo ekukhuleni, uma kunikezwe ukukhanya okwengeziwe.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu (ezinezithelo ezinkulu) ezikhulile kuma-1-2 stems. Utamatisi omncane onezithelo ezincane notamatisi we-cherry awangeni mzali emhlabathini ovulekile, baqinisekisa kuphela ukuthi amaqabunga aphansi namagatsha awathinti emhlabathini. Uma ihlumela lithela izithelo ezincane noma selivele lazala, liyasuswa. Ezindaweni ezivalekile - izithombo zokugcina izithombo noma izindlu - zikhulisa izingane ngokwemithetho ejwayelekile, noma kunjalo, kulezi zinhlobo zezihlahla ezi-3 noma ngisho neziqu ezi-4 zivunyelwe ukwakha.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamatamatisi ziphonsa ngokushesha ama-buds kuma-stepson amahlumela. Kulokhu, bashiywe. Ngemuva kokuthi amashidi ama-2 akhiwe phezu kwebhulashi, kwenziwa ingcosana.
Ubuchwepheshe bokunamathisela utamatisi
Izithombo ezitshalwe emhlabathini ekupheleni kwesonto lesibili zimile ngokuphelele bese ziqala ukuthola isisindo esiluhlaza. Ngalesi sikhathi, umhlali wasehlobo kufanele anqume ngokuphelele ekukhetheni - ukuthi uzoshiya iziqu ezingaki.
Imigomo eyinhloko
Izinyathelo zokuqala zesikhathi zisuswa ngemuva kokuqala kokuqhakaza, lapho zikhula zibe ngu-5 cm. Kulesi simo, umehluko phakathi kwebhulashi yezithelo kanye nehlumela le-lateral kunqunywa ngaphandle kwamaphutha: ukuqhuma kwamaqabunga noma amaqabunga. Uma ungabaza, naka indawo lapho igatsha livela khona. Amahlumela akhiqizayo asuka esiqwini sesihlahla.
Qiniseka ukuthi ususa izinqubo ezitholakala ngaphansi kwezimbali eziphansi. Amaqabunga athinta inhlabathi ephula noma anciphise ukuze angabi ngumthombo wesifo. Ngasikhathi sinye, akususwa ama-stepons namaqabunga amathathu esihlahleni ngasinye.
Imvamisa - maviki onke ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo. Utamatisi oqondile kwesinye isikhathi unikeza okumangalisayo kubalimi: ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ingaphezulu likhula kungazelelwe, kuthembisa amabhulashi ezimbali, bese izithelo ziboshwe. Isimo sihlolwa isikhathi: lapho kunesikhathi esanele ngaphambi kwamakhaza, izithelo zivunyelwe ukuvuthwa okungenani kuze kube yilapho sekuvuthwa ubisi. Uma kungekho sitoko sezinsuku ezifudumele, izihloko zinqunywa.
Ngokuya esifundeni esikhulayo, ukusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi kuya engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti, nciza iziqongo zezinhlobonhlobo ezingangeneki ezikhula emibhedeni engavikelekile.
Inqubo Algorithm
I-Agronomists ayikukhuthazi ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okusika lapho kuqhutshwa i-pinching, ngoba izingxenye ezisele zingamasango avulekile wezifo namagciwane.
- Umsebenzi wenziwa kuphela ngezandla ezigezwe kahle. Kuhle ukuzisula ngemuva kokususa indodana ngayinye.
- Isikhathi esihle amahora asekuseni osuku enelanga.
- Isiqu sokukhula kwe-lateral sicina ngamazipho. Ngakho-ke indawo enephutha izobambezeleka ngokushesha.
- Qiniseka ukushiya i-hemp 2-3 cm ukuphakama, isebenza njengokuvikelwa ekungeneni kwamagciwane, futhi ivimbela ukukhula kwezinyathelo ezintsha.
- Izinqubo ze-Basal zingaphansi kokusikwa.
Izingxenye ezisusiwe zibekwa kubhasikidi noma esikhwameni ukuze zingabi yisiphephelo sezilokazane, ungaqali ukubola. Imfucumfucu ifakwa kumquba noma isetshenziswa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-infusions ezixosha izinambuzane.
Uma ukutshala utamatisi kunabile, kufanele usebenzise ithuluzi - ummese, isikhafu noma amasekhethi. Kufanele ilolwe ukusika iziqu ngokunyakaza okukodwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, babheka ubumsulwa bayo ngokucophelela: bakhipha izibulala-magciwane ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi nangemva kokulungisa isihlahla ngasinye. Ukuze uthole magciwane sebenzisa isixazululo se-potassium permanganate, i-hydrogen peroxide noma i-bleach.
I-Agronomists incoma ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lokucubungula izitshalo ezigcina ukushisa. Ukuqondiswa kunesisindo: Amagatsha aseceleni angaphulwe ngendlela engalingani asheshe agcwele izidalwa ezinobungozi. Okunye ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe ngomlotha, okufafazwa ngezingcezu ezintsha.
UMnumzane Dachnik wazisa: izinzuzo nobubi bokunamathisela utamatisi
Ukwazisa konke okuhle kwale nqubo, kwanele ukucabanga amahlathi aqukethe utamatisi engadini: ukusabalala kwezihlahla kuvimba ukufinyelela kwelanga komakhelwane nasezingxenyeni eziphansi, inhlabathi ihlala inomswakama, umoya ungahambi kuwo. Izimo ezinjalo zithandwa yizifo eziyingozi kakhulu zesiko: ukulimala sekwephuzile, i-septoria, i-cladosporiosis, ukubola - okumhlophe, okumpunga, okumpunga, okuluhlaza okwenziwe ngotshani.
Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta kunciphisa umlimi engxenyeni ebalulekile yesilimo futhi kusabalale ngokungenamkhawulo kuyo yonke indawo. Ku-greenhouse, lokhu kuhlanganiswa.
Emthunzini wamapulangwe agqinsiwe, iminenke kanye nama-slugs, amacimbi wesikuni esilumayo azizwa emkhulu, amakoloni amhlophe ahlala.
Uma kwenzeka ngesimangaliso ukugwema lobu bubi, isivuno ngeke sisaletha injabulo enkulu. Ukwakheka okungajwayelekile, ukufiphaza okungalingani, inani eliphansi lokudla kwezithelo - umphumela wokuntuleka kokukhanya, umoya ezitshalweni uwonke, nezithelo - izakhi zomsoco. Zonke izindleko zabasebenzi nezinto ezibonakalayo ezihambisana nokukhula kwezithombo, ukuthutha kwayo, ukutshala akuzikhokhi ngamatamatisi ambalwa ashubile, ngokuzama ukuzama ukuvuthwa phakathi kweziqongo eziningi.
Kepha utamatisi osetshenziswe ngesikhathi nangendlela efanele ujabulisa iso: imigqa emincanyana yamasethi ahlanzekile ahlotshiswe ngemithambo yezithelo eziqinile ezivuthwa ngesikhathi, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangaphambi kwazo. Kuyinto elula ukuthi amanzi, afafaze, aqoqe amasampuli avuthiwe futhi alinganise inani lamathini wokuvunwa ukuze asetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo.
I-Pasynkovanie idinga isikhathi nokunakwa - lokhu kuphela kokubuyela emuva kwenqubo. Uma kuvame ukungabi khona ithuba lokuvakashela indlu yezwe, izinhlobo ezafunwa ngale nqubo zitshalwa:
- kokutshala okuhlaza okotshani: Ob domes, Sanka, Danko, Alaska, Uju ukhilimu, isizini seVelvet, Nevsky;
- indawo evulekile: i-Agatha, i-Adeline, ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe, iBetalyuks, iGnome, iGina, iGigolo.
Lawa matamatisi azibonakalise ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, aqokile, ukuvuthwa kokuqala kanye naphakathi. Ngokuvuthwa sekwephuzile, kunconyelwa ukunquma iMalinka neTitanan.
Kodwa-ke, wonke adinga i-garter, kanye nokususwa ngesikhathi kwamaqabunga aphansi akhiwe eduze kwenhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo zamatamatisi ezilungele inhlabathi evikelekile kufanele zisakhiwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umkhiqizo wabo awunxephezelo ngomzamo oye wachitha.
