I-Antirrinum (i-Antirrhinum) noma i-snapdragon eyaziwayo ingemndeni wakwaPsyylum. Bayayazi futhi nangamanye amagama: inja (eRussia), inyoka noma udrako oluma (eNgilandi), inkalakahla (eFrance) nomlomo (e-Ukraine). Igama lapho lihunyushwa lisuselwa esiGrekini lisho ukuthi-njengamakhala noma kufana nekhala. Kukholakala ukuthi ukweleta imvelaphi yakhe kunkulunkulukazi owadala lembali ukuhlonipha ukunqoba ibhubesi. Kusuka kulowo mzuzu eGreece, kunesiko ukuyinikeza kumaqhawe.
Incazelo nezici ze-snapdragon
Kukhona cishe izinhlobo ezingama-50 ezikhula ezindaweni eziseningizimu yoMhlaba, iningi lazo eziseNyakatho Melika. Le mbali ikhule ngeminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu. Ngenxa yemizamo yabafuyi bezitshalo namuhla, kunezinkulungwane zezinhlobo ezifutshwe ngesisekelo sohlobo olulodwa - i-antirrinum inkulu.
I-Snapdragon iyihlahla noma utshani obungapheli obufinyelela ku-15 cm - 1 m. Iziqu ezihlanganisiwe ezinemisele emincane zifana nophiramidi. Amacembe amade ayalingana ngesimo se-ellipse, lanceolate. Ngaphezulu indawo elandelayo, ngezansi okuphambene. Umbala oluhlaza okotshani - yonke ukukhanya nokukhanya okumnyama, imithambo yamagazi ibonakala kahle. Ukuhogela, izimbali ezibalulekile zinokubukeka okungalungile (izindebe ezimbili) nama-inflorescence anjengendlebe. Izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka ngombala. Kukhona ukukhanya, okusagolide kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zemibala ebomvu. Uthole izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zetryry futhi ezinemibala eminingana. Inqwaba yembewu ivuthwa ngaphakathi kwezithelo, ezimefana nebhokisi.
Iqhakaza ehlobo nasekwindla cishe ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Ama-perennials atshalwa ezimweni eziningi njengonyaka. Ukuba khona kokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nezimo ezifanele kuvumela i-snapdragon, njenge-biennium, ukuthi ihlale emhlabathini bese kuthi ngemuva kobusika iqale ukuqhakaza kwayo kwesibili. Ekubunjweni komhlaba, kusetshenziselwa ukuklama imingcele, imibhede yezimbali, utshani obuluhlaza. Ama-Balconies nama-verandas ane-antirrinum atshaliwe abukeka emuhle. Izinhlobo ze-Ampel zitshalwa ezitshalweni ezilengayo nangobhasikidi.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-antirrinum
Konke ukwahlukahluka kwe-antirrinum kuhlukaniswa ngokukhula kwayo.
Isikhulu
Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ngosayizi omkhulu. Amabhasi acindezelwe kamuva amelelwa isiqu esisodwa. Izimbali ezinkulu futhi ezivame kakhulu ezi-fluffy. Khula ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zokusika. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlobo: Qala, Frontier, Suprem, Rocket, Ukuphoqa.
Kude
Ukukhula kwabo kunciphise kancane - 65-110 cm. Inani elincane leziqu lihlelwe ngokuqinile, lenza izinyathelo ezihlukile. Ukuba khona kwama-inflorescence atshalwe kakhulu nezimbali ezinkulu kuwuphawu. Sebenzisa ezindlini zokuphumula.
Okuphakathi
Amabhishi ama-pyramidal afinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-35-50. Ubukhazikhazi bawo benziwa ngenxa yokuqina kwamagatsha. Babukeka bethakazelisa izingoma uma kukhethwa izinhlobo ezinezinsuku ezahlukahlukene zokuvula.
Kuncane
Lezi izitshalo ezincane (amasentimitha angama-30) ezinenombolo enkulu yezinqubo. Ngesikhathi sokuqedwa ngokuphelele, zibukeka njengodaba. Emabhulashini kukhona izimbali ezincane nezizimele.
I-Dwarf
Izinhlobo ezincane (15 cm). Hlukanisa ngamagatsha obubanzi besiqu. Kubukeka sengathi izihlahla zimane ziphambukele ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Ama-inflorescences mancane.
Izindlela zokusakazwa kwe-snapdragon
Ingasatshalaliswa ngezindlela ezimbili: ezikhiqizayo nezihlakulelayo. Ukuhluma kwezinhlobo zembewu kuqhubeka iminyaka eminingana. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile zihlwanyelwa ngokushesha engadini. Ukuhluma kungabonakala emavikini ambalwa, futhi isimo sezulu esifushane esibandayo ngeke sibalimaze. Kwezinye izindawo, kungcono ukukhulisa izithombo, okungekho nzima kakhulu futhi kungazinzima.
Inqubo yokukhulisa izithombo
Ukuze uqale inqubo yokutshala imbewu, lungisa isitsha esinokuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-10. Engxenyeni yayo engezansi, izimbobo kufanele zenziwe ukudonsa amanzi ngokweqile. Lapho ulungisa inhlabathi, kudingeka izihibe, zombili ezinamaseli amakhulu namancanyana, i-spatula. Phansi kwezitsha zibeka amanzi - ubumba oluvame kakhulu ukwandiswa noma amatshe amancane. Ngemuva kwalokho balungisa umhlabathi.
Ukukhetha komhlaba
Ukuthola inani elanele lezithombo, inhlabathi kumele ibe nokukhululekile futhi ilula. Kuthengwa umhlabathi osulungile noma ulungiselelwe ngokwawo. Ukwakhiwa okudingekayo: umhlaba we-turf, isihlabathi, i-peat, i-humus kanye nomlotha wezinkuni. Konke lokhu kuthathwa ngokwesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1: 0,5: 0,3, kuxutshwe kahle futhi kuvinjelwe, kusetshenziswa ngesihlungo esikhulu bese kuba ngesincane. Isendlalelo esingemva kokutholwa kokuqala kokubekwa phansi izitsha, okuseleyo kugcwele konke esitsheni. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhipha amagciwane ngesisombululo se-manganese. Inhlabathi isilungele ukusetshenziswa ezinsukwini ezi-2.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Imvamisa, imbewu ye-snapdragon ithengwa esitolo, ikhetha okhethayo. Naka ukuphakama, umbala, isikhathi sokuqhakaza, yiziphi izidingo ezenzayo ezimeni ezikhulayo.
Uma zivunwa zodwa, ziqinisekile ukuthi zoma kahle.
Gcina ezansi kwesiqandisi ukuze ubhekane nokuhlanzeka okudingekayo ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele abulawe amagciwane kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate (isigamu sehora), bese somile, sibolile ngendwangu noma ephepheni. Lapho sebeqede yonke inqubo yokulungiselela, batshaliwe.
Imithetho yokutshala izithombo
Inqubo yokukhula kwezithombo iqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Thatha izitsha eziyizicucu ezilungiselelwe (ububanzi obuyi-10 cm), ubeke isihlabathi esiqhekekile phansi, bese ulungisa umhlabathi bese uthambisa ingaphezulu ngesifutho. Sakaza imbewu phezulu, amboze nge-substrate, ufafaze ngamanzi bese umboza ngengilazi. Nsuku zonke, kuyadingeka ukuyiphakamisa ukuze kutholakale umoya, isuse i-condensate, futhi njengoba isomile, nisela inhlabathi.
Lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala, isitsha sibekwa endaweni ekhanyayo, bese kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa bayeke ukumboza. Ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe nenhlabathi, ama-grooves angajulile enzelwa kude kwe-2 cm, lapho imbewu ithululelwa khona, ngemuva kokuyixuba nesihlabathi. Ukuze uthintane ngokuphelele nomhlabathi, thinta. Ukuqinisekisa izithombo ezinhle, gcina izinga lokushisa lika +18 ° C.
Ungazinakekela kanjani izithombo
Ukuvela kwezithombo zokuqala kusho ukuthi ingilazi emboza imbewu ingasuswa. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono kancane kancane, nsuku zonke, engeza imizuzu engu-10-15 yokuphefumula. Izithombo ziqala ukwakha izimpande, bese kuphela amaqabunga. Ngemuva kwentuthuko enhle ngababili, bakhetha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amabhodwe ahlukene, izinkomishi ze-peat (8 cm) noma iziqukathi (scheme lokutshala 5x5). Lesi yisigaba sokuqala sokuthola i-bushility enkulu, futhi ekwakhekeni kwezinqubo, umqhele wengezwe futhi. Esigabeni sesibili, ukufakelwa sekuvele kwenziwa ibanga elingamasentimitha ayi-10. Ukufeza impumelelo ekukhuleni, udinga ukunikeza ukukhanya, ukuthambisa okudingekayo kanye lokushisa lika +23 ° C.
Ukudlulisa izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Batshala engadini ngesikhathi lapho bengalindele ukuba nesifufula esibandayo. Kuya ngesifunda sokukhula. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhethwa kwendawo: kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle, inhlabathi enesihlabathi esiningi. Ngemuva kwalokho basebenze ukulungiselela kwayo (izibalo zinikezwa nge-m2 ngayinye):
- yenza izinkuni zomlotha (ingilazi) nomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi (isipuni);
- engeza umquba ngaphezulu - 3 kg, Peat - 1 kg;
- bamba;
- khululeka.
Ukutshala izithombo kwenziwa kusihlwa noma ntambama lapho kungekho langa.
Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo lishiywe, uma kunikezwe ukuphakama kwezinhlobo ezitshaliwe. Lapho kukhula ukukhula kwe-snapdragon, kukhulu kakhulu. Ukuze ulondoloze izimpande, izithombo kuqala ziniselwa bese zidonswa endaweni elungiselelwe ngenqwaba yenhlabathi. Amahlumela awajuli kakhulu. Inhlabathi inyathela kancane.
Ukunakekelwa kwangaphandle kwama-snapdragons
Ukunakekela ama-snapdragons kulula futhi kufinyeleleka ngisho nakubalimi abangenalwazi. Nansi incazelo yamaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile okufanele uyilandele:
- Ukunisela kuyinto elinganiselayo futhi ejwayelekile. Amanzi asetshenziswa okwejwayelekile noma okuxazululiwe. Ukuze izithombo nezitshalo ezingakhuli sisebenzise ukuthambisa ukuze kungazilimazi.
- Ukudla okukhethekile. Kusetshenziswa ama-fertilizer aqukethe i-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorus. Isikhathi sokuqala ukuthi zilethwe ezinsukwini eziyi-15-20 ngemuva kokutshala izithombo. Kamuva kwenziwe kabili ngenyanga.
- Ukuhlanganisa inhlabathi. Sebenzisa i-sawdust, utshani obomile noma i-humus.
- Ukuvula amandla. Kwenziwe ukuze uthole ukufinyelela komoya ezimpandeni. Kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokhula.
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu
Imbewu iqoqwa ekuvuthweni okungaphelele futhi ibekwe egumbini elikhethekile lokuvuthwa, inikeze ukufinyelela komoya kubo. Inqubo iqala ngemuva kokuvuthwa ngokuphelele kwamakhompiyutha aphansi esiqwini ngezimbali. Umcibisholo ongaphezulu onezithelo eziluhlaza uyadatshulwa, bese kukhishwa isikhwama sephepha ngaphezulu kwako konke kuvikelwe. Trunk low strip trim bese ulenga ngonqenqema olubukhali phansi egumbini elikhethekile. Imbewu evuthiwe iyachithwa esikhwameni. Ngemuva kwalokho aqoqwe ebhokisini lekhadibhodi futhi agcinwe, ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa umswakama.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Isitshalo esihle se-snapdragon ngokunakekelwa okumpofu sithathwa kwezifo ezilandelayo:
- Ukugqwala. Izindawo ezikhanyayo ezicindezelekile zizobonakala ngaphezulu, kanye namabala aphuzi ngezansi, okuzobe kumnyama bese kuthola i-tint ebomvu. Kuhanjwa ngomoya. Imbali ibuna futhi ife.
- Downy isikhutha. Ungabona ukuvela kwezindawo ezimhlophe engxenyeni engenhla yamaqabunga, nangaphansi - ungqimba omhlophe noma onsundu. Ukuvimbela, ukutshala okuminyene akufanele kuvunyelwe, kanye nomswakama ophezulu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Baphathwa ngokulungiswa kwethusi, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kwabo, wonke amaqabunga athintekile ayasuswa.
- I-Powdery Mildew Ukwakheka kwe-plaque emhlophe kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo kuwuphawu. Kungcono ukukhetha izinhlobo ezingamelana nalesi sifo.
- Kubolile uBrown. Amagqabi ayachuma, bese ephenduka aphuzi futhi awe. Lapho ukhipha impande, kusobala ukuthi ibolile futhi ithambile. Ukhula ngokunisela njalo noma enhlabathini nge-acidity ephansi.
- Kubolile uBrown. Umbala wesiqu esisekelweni uyashintsha. Izithombo nezitshalo ezingakavuthwa ziyathinteka. Lapho ukutshala izithombo ngeke kutshalwe ngokujulile.
Izinambuzane, izimvemvane ezibekela amaqanda, nezinye izinambuzane zingazihlasela.
Izitshalo ezithintekile zisuswa ngokushesha, futhi indawo yazo yokukhula iphathwa ngezixazululo ezikhethekile.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyancomela: izakhiwo zokwelapha ze-snapdragon
I-Snapdragon ayaziwa ngokubonakala kwayo okuhle, kepha futhi nezakhiwo zokwelapha. Emithini yesintu eMpumalanga, sebenzisa i-decoction yayo njengo:
- amakhanda
- i-anti-ukuguga i-ejenti (kuhlanganiswe ne-oyili lily).
Kusetshenziswa ekwelapheni Amehlo, ipheshana lesisu, kanye namakhaza. Izithako kanye ne-infusions zilungisiwe kusuka ku-antirrinum. Izidakamizwa ziyangezwa lapho kulungiswa izihlambi zokwelapha. Njenge-prophylactic, itiye liyabhalwa (ukwelashwa kwesibindi), kugcizelela amathumba.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke okungenhla, kunezinye izindlela zokupheka. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-snapdragon inobuthi, ngakho-ke, ukwamukela kwenziwa kuphela ngesivumelwano nodokotela nakwimithamo ekhonjisiwe. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuphikisana: ukukhulelwa, isifo senhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
