USpruce ungowomndeni kaPine. Lesi sitshalo siwuphawu lukaKhisimusi nonyaka omusha. Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-40, okuvame kakhulu kuzo ukuthi yi-spruce yaseYurophu.
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla se-coniferous esihlala njalo kufinyelela kumamitha angama-50. Isikhathi sokuphila esiphakathi nendawo siyahluka kusuka eminyakeni engama-250 kuya kwengama-300.
Incazelo nezici ze-spruce
Isici esihlukile somuthi oxecious ukuvumelana. Uhlelo lwezimpande lubaluleke kakhulu eminyakeni eyi-15 yokuqala. Ngemuva kokuba impande ifile, nemisebenzi yayo iya ezinqubweni zomhlaba. Bahluka ngamamitha angama-20. Lokhu kuchaza ukungabikho kokumelana nomoya.
Umqhele, obonakala ngesimo se-pyramidal noma se-conical, ubuthelwa ndawonye kusuka kumagatsha wokuqothula namagatsha anwebekile. Amahlumela akamuva avela eminyakeni embalwa kuphela ngemuva kokutshala i-spruce emhlabathini ovulekile.
Izici zokuphawuleka kwezihlahla okungezona zohlobo lwe-spruce futhi zifaka i-grey scaly bark nezinaliti ezakhiwe ngenaliti. Esokuqala ekugcineni siba samandla futhi sibe mnene. Izinaliti zingaba yicaba noma i-tetrahedral.
Uma umlimi engadala izimo ezinhle zokutshala, akukho ngaphezu kwenani elingu-1/7 lenaliti ephelele elizokhonjiswa minyaka yonke.
I-Spruce - ama-gymnosperms. Izigaxa zabesifazane nabesilisa zitholakala kumathiphu wamagatsha. Izigaxa ze-oblong-cylindrical ziwe kuphela ngemuva kokuba imbewu isivuthiwe.
Ukungcola kwenzeka ngoMeyi, futhi ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba. Izithelo zihlala iminyaka eyi-10-60.
Ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphezulu kungenye into ehlukayo yezihlahla zefir. Ngeshwa, lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezihlahleni ezivuthiwe. Izitshalo ezincane ezitshalwe endaweni evulekile zizwela kakhulu ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Ukuvikela izinaliti zethenda, kunconywa izihlahla ze-spruce ezingatshalwa ukuthi zitshale eduze kwezihlahla ezinkulu.
Naphezu kokubekezelelana komthunzi, izihlahla ze-spruce zidinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle. Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kwehlathi emahlathini angahlanganisiwe e-spruce kuvame ukungabikho.
Ukukhetha izinto zokutshala
Ukuthola isithombo esisha, ungasebenzisa izindlela eziningana:
- ukuvakashela i-nursery. Banikeza izithombo ezikhulile ezitshalwe ezitsheni noma ezembiwe phambi komthengi. Inketho yokuqala iyathandeka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuphepha kohlelo lwezimpande. Ukuthola isitshalo lapho kuvezwa khona, kuthinta kakhulu imiphumela yendawo yangaphandle;
- ukumba ehlathini. Le ndlela iyamukeleka uma uhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-spruce zingabalulekanga kangako. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esikhethiwe kufanele kube kusuka kumamitha ayi-1 kuya kwayi-2 .Isithombo sembiwe ngokucophelela. Inqwaba yomhlaba kufanele ihlale ezimpandeni. Ngenxa yenhlabathi "yendabuko", i-spruce ihlangana ngokushesha endaweni entsha;
- uzikhulise. Isigaba sokuqala ukuqoqwa kwezigaxa ezivuthiwe, okwesibili ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi. Ingxube yenhlabathi ingenziwa ngokuzimela noma ithengwe ukwakhiwa okwenziwe ngomumo. Kuthululelwa esitsheni. Isigaba sokugcina ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu ngokuya kubuchwepheshe obuthile.
Izithombo kufanele zihanjiswe ngesimbozo nge-tarp.
Ngokushesha lapho zibekwa khona emhlabathini, zingcono.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Spruce
Izihlahla ezintsha zingatholakala ngokusebenzisa imbewu nokusika. Lesi sakamuva sithandwa phakathi kwama-amateurs. Ukuze uthole isiphunzi, ungasebenzisa esinye isihlahla se-coniferous. Isimo esiyinhloko ukumelana nesithwathwa saso esiphakeme.
Ukubamba kwezingcambu kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Umlimi kufanele abe ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokuvuvukala. Njengoba ukusika kusetshenziswa iziqu lapho kukhona khona amahlumela amancane. Leli hlumela kufanele libe nobude obungama-6-10 cm. Ngemuva kokuthi lisikiwe, kufanele liphathwe nge-stimulator yokukhula. I-angle yokubamba efanelekile ingama-30 degrees. Ingxube yenhlabathi ilungiswa kusuka kusihlabathi ne-peat. Esikhundleni sesithako sokugcina, i-perlite enhle ingasetshenziswa. Inhlabathi imbozwe nge-drainage ne-turfy inhlabathi. Ubukhulu besendlalelo sokuqala kufanele okungenani bube ngu-5 cm, owesibili - cishe u-10 cm.
Ukukhulisa i-spruce ngendlela edala (inzalo), izindleko eziningi nesikhathi kudingeka. Ngasikhathi sinye, imbewu esetshenzisiwe eye yavikela ukuhluma. Imbewu ikhishwa kwizigaxa ezivuthiwe. Zomile. Ukwenza i-stratation, kusetshenziswa i-peat noma isihlabathi esomile. Isinyathelo esilandelayo siqhwa. Esiqandisini, imbewu igcinwa izinyanga ezi-1-1,5. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kanye ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Kusetshenziswa le ndlela, umlimi uzothola izitshalo ezizobonakala ngokukhula kancane, ukumelana okuphansi kokuqina komoya onamandla, ilanga elishisayo nomswakama ngokweqile.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-spruce
Izihlahla zeSpruce zithanda isimo sezulu esipholile.
Inhlabathi mhlawumbe inamadwala noma sinesihlabathi. Ukungabekezeleleki kubonakaliswa ebusika hardness nokubekezelela isomiso.
| Buka | Incazelo | Ibanga | Izici |
| Okuvamile | Kufika kumamitha angama-50. Umqhele wesakhiwo se-pyramidal uhlotshiswe nge-apex ekhomba. Izimbumbulu ze-Oblong, izinaliti zase-tetrahedral zidwetshwe kuluhlaza ojulile. | Acrocon | Ubukhulu buhlangene, buningi. Kuthathwa kusenesikhathi. |
| IFroburg | Iziqu zemisipha eqondile ephakathi nendawo, "paws" ahamba kancane. | ||
| Olendorfi | Umqhele obanzi, izinaliti zegolide, amagatsha aminyene. | ||
| IsiSerbia | Izinaliti eziflothiwe ezihlotshiswe ngamachashazi esiliva. Ukuhlobisa okuphezulu, okungathobeki emhlabathini. | I-Peve Tajin | Ingaphezulu lephahla, umqhele omnyama. |
| Canadian | Ukuphakama kusuka kumamitha angama-25 kuye kwangama-30. Umqhele omnyama aluhlaza okotshani, amagatsha aqondiswe phansi. Izingcingo zincanyana ngosayizi. Esimweni esivuthiwe apendwe ngombala onsundu. | Alberta Globe | Umqhele omuhle. Ingaphezulu layo lihlinzekwa yi-tuberosity. |
| I-Sanders Blue | Ngokukhanya okunganele, izinaliti ziba ngaphezulu. | ||
| Konika | Yatholakala ngenxa yokukhethwa eCanada. | ||
| Ukulila | Ifinyelela kumamitha angama-50. Izinaliti ezi-Bluish ziyehluka ngefomu elibi. Amamaki abonakala ngombala we-burgundy nosayizi omncane. | Inyoka | Ukukhula kancane kancane kwamagatsha wamathambo. |
| Ukubopha i-Bush | Ukuhlobisa okuphezulu ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo nokuceba kwezithunzi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona okuluhlaza okotshani, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isiliva. | ||
| Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | Amagatsha aqondiswa ngokuqondile. Imelana neqhwa, imelana nokungcola komoya. Izinaliti zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amahlumela angenalutho apendwe ngombala onsundu okhanyayo. | UHerman Nau | Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlanganisiwe, isiqu esimaphakathi asivezwanga. Izinaliti eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Amagcokama | Izinaliti eziphakathi nendawo, ezinde, ezihlotshiswe ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. | ||
| Hoopsie | Umqhele ophakeme, ukuphakama - akukho ngaphezu kuka-12 m. | ||
| Mnyama | Kufika kumamitha angama-30. Izinaliti eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zivezwa njengobukhulu. Amagatsha anciphile. Engazithobanga, ivikela ubusika. | Aurea | Ukukhula kancane, kugatsha amagatsha. |
| Nana | Umqhele omnyama, ukukhula konyaka - kuze kufike ku-5 cm. Qhathanisa umbala, izinaliti ezimfushane. | ||
| IsiSiberia | Isithsaba somqhele omncane, izinalithi ezicwebezelayo akusekho ngaphezu kuka-3 cm ubude. | Glauka | Isigaxa esiphakathi nendawo, izinaliti ezinalayini. |
| Empumalanga | Ayidluli kumamitha ayi-60. Umqhele mkhulu. Amagatsha atholakala ezansi ayaphakanyiswa. Izinaliti eziluhlaza ezenziwe ngenhliziyo zilukhuni. | I-Aureosprate | Ukuphakama kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-15 m. |
| Umsoco | Amagatsha akhula ngokungalingani. Izinaliti zenaliti zinomthunzi ocwebezelayo. Izigaxa ezi-brown ezivuthiwe. | ||
| UMariorika | Ungabi ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-30.Izinaliti, ezihlotshiswe amabhlokhi esiliva. | UMachala | Ububanzi - kufika ku-1 m, izinaliti zombala wesiliva-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Ayan | Luvimbela ubusika, lubekezelele umthunzi, aluzethembisi. | Nana Calus | Isitshalo esiphansi esinomqhele oyindilinga. |
Izinsuku zokutshala zidlile
Izihlahla zefir zibekwa emhlabathini ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Inketho yesibili ingcono kakhulu, ngoba lapho utshala isikhathi esikhonjisiwe, isithombo sizoba nesikhathi sokukhula ngamandla ebusika. Umcimbi wezolimo kufanele ubanjwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
Kunconywa izithombo eziphakeme ukuthi zitshalwe ngoNovemba noma ngoMashi. Amagagasi omhlaba ashiywe ezimpandeni kufanele abe sesimweni esineqhwa. Isidingo sokuvikelwa kungenxa yokuthi izitshalo ezincane zingahlupheka ngokushintshwa kwezinga lokushisa ngokuzumayo. Kuyadingeka futhi ukucubungula ama-nuances alandelayo:
- indawo yamagatsha. Amaphoyinti wekhadinali anqunywa ngokusekelwe kunani labo. Kunamagatsha amancane kakhulu aqhamuka enyakatho kunasenyakatho;
- ukubukeka kohlelo lwezimpande. Izinqubo ezingenalutho zingafa ngenxa yokweqa ngokweqile;
- indawo yokubeka. Ezivandeni zasekhaya, izinhlobo zokuhlobisa zivame ukutshala. Ama-spruce amade futhi anamandla, okuthiwa amakhulu-asayizi, adinga izakhi zomzimba eziningi kanye nomswakama. Kubo, indawo kufanele yabelwe ngaphandle kwengadi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amanye amasiko azohlupheka;
- ukukhanyisa. I-Spruce - izitshalo ezi-photophilous. Isidingo esikhethekile sokukhanya kwelanga sibonisa izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ngezinaliti ezinemibala.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala i-spruce
Izihlahla ze-Fir zitshalwa emigodini ebilungiselelwe ngaphambili. Kufanele zihambisane nezinkomba ezilandelayo:
- ukujula - kusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-0,7 m;
- amadayimitha aphansi nangaphezulu - 0.5 m no-0.6 m;
- ubukhulu besendlalelo sokudonsa amanzi alikho ngaphezu kwama-20 cm.
Njengoba laba abamuva basebenzisa itshe elichotshoziwe, elinezwe ngesihlabathi, noma ngesitini esaphukile.
Isidingo sokudonswa kwamanzi kungenzeka ngenxa yomhlabathi osindayo nokusondela kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwakha ingxube yenhlabathi. Ukuqanjwa kwayo kufaka i-nitroammophoskos, umhlaba we-turf, i-peat, isihlabathi kanye ne-humus.
Isitshalo sikhishwa esitsheni ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlale ezimpandeni.
Isithombo sifakwa emgodini endaweni eqondile. Inhlabathi akufanele inyathelwe. Umuthi otshaliwe uzungezwe udoti wobumba. Amanzi athululelwa "esitsheni" esiphumela. Isithombo esisodwa siba ngama-1 kuya ku-2 amabhakede. Ngemuva kokufakwa ngokuphelele, umbuthano wesqubhu kufanele umbozwe nge-peat. Phakathi kwezithombo kufanele okungenani zibe yi-2 m.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-spruce engadini
Naphezu kokubekezelela isomiso, izihlahla ze-spruce zidinga ukuthambisa. Imvamisa yayo iyakhuphuka uma izinhlobo ezincane nezimfushane zitshalwe endaweni ephakathi. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngezithombo nangezihlahla ezincane. Uma izitshalo ezitshalwe ebusika, azidingi ukuniselwa kube kanye ngesonto. Izinaliti zokuswilisa azinconywa.
Ukondla kwenziwa ngezinto zomanyolo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Zivame ukuhlanganiswa nezinto ezikhulisayo. IHerbamine, iHeteroauxin ne-Epin zithandwa kakhulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuphela izihlahla ezincane ezidinga ukondliwa.
Ukuvimbela ukunqotshwa kwezinaliti, kufafazwa ngeFerravit.
Ukunqunqa kungaba okuhlanzekile noma okuhlobisa. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, amagatsha awonakalisiwe futhi omisiwe ayasuswa. Okwesibili kuyenziwa ukuze kunikezwe isihlahla ukwakheka ngokufana.
Kufanele futhi unake ukukhanyisa. Izithombo zithunzi iminyaka eminingana. Ngale ndlela, bavikelekile elangeni elihangulayo.
Ukulungiselela ubusika nobusika kudliwe
Inqubo ilula impela. Isikhathi sokugcina isihlahla siniselwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa sangoNovemba. Qinisa isiyingi sesiqu ngokusebenzisa amagxolo. Lesi sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu kuma-spruces asemasha futhi abuthaka.
Ukufezekisa ukuqina kwesikhondo ngokushesha, izitshalo ngoSeptemba zivundiswa ngengxube ye-potassium-phosphorus. Ngemuva kokwenza le nqubo ye-agrotechnical, isidingo sokondliwa okwengeziwe sizonyamalala.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-Spruce, njengezinye izitshalo, ingangenwa yizinambuzane nezifo eziyingozi. Imvamisa, izihlahla ezibuthakathaka ngenxa yokunganele noma ukunakekelwa okungafanele.
| Inkinga | Incazelo | Izindlela zokulawula |
| Ukugqwala | Ama-vesylles ama-cylindrical avela ezinalwaneni lapho kutholakala khona ama-spores. Izinaliti zindiza ekuseni. Imvamisa, izitshalo ezincane ziyahlupheka. | Ukufafaza nge-fungicides, ukukhishwa kwesikhathi kokhula. |
| ISchütte | Lesi sifo senzeka entwasahlobo. Izinaliti ezimpondweni ziqala zishintshe umbala, bese zife. Ukuwa kwakhe kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwesizini ezayo. Ifomu ukhunta izinaliti. | Ukuqedwa kwamahlumela angenwe yileli gciwane, ukwelashwa kwesikhunta. |
| Izikhala zesicabucabu | Amagciwane asebenza ngesikhathi sesomiso. Amachashazi avela esitshalweni. Esinye isici esibonakalayo kuwebhu. | Ukufafaza okuvimbelayo ngama-acaricides. Kubandakanya uFloromayt, uFlumayt, u-Apollo, uBorneo. Ama-insectacaricides (Akarin, Agravertin, Actellik, Oberon) asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa. |
| Amabhungane ebark | Lesi sinambuzane silimaza amagxolo, njengoba kufakazelwa inani elikhulu lokuhamba. | Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezilandelayo: uCrohn-Antip, uClipper, iBifentrin. |
| Izihlangu zamanga | Amagciwane avikelwe igobolondo elinsundu. Amathiphu weziqu agoba futhi kancane kancane afe. Izinaliti zithatha i-brown hue. | Ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bezolimo kuyindlela evikela kakhulu. Ukuthuthukisa umphumela, izitshalo ziphathwa ngama-insecticides. |
| Inaliti esidla | Amacimbi a-brownish aphuzi enza amahlumela agobekayo amahlumela. | Kusetshenziswa isisombululo esilungiselelwe ngesisekelo sensipho eluhlaza. |
| Izibuko | Izinambuzane zihlala ezihlahleni ezincane. Ukukhula kwabo kwehlisa ijubane, iziqu zilahlekelwa izinaliti. | Ukumba inhlabathi, ukubhujiswa kwezidleke. Ama-larvae aphathwa ngama-insecticides, ahlanganisa i-Fury, BI-58, i-Decis. |
| Isipanji somsuka | Uhlelo lwezimpande. Ukwakheka oku-brown noma ansundu kuvela endaweni yentamo yezimpande. | Ukususwa kwazo zonke izindawo ezithintekile, ukusetshenziswa kwama-fungicides. |
Umhlali wasehlobo uyancomela: kudliwe embonweni yomhlaba
Ngezihlahla, ezihlukaniswa ngamagatsha ama-longline kanye nomqhele we-pyramidal, amaphiko okuvikela nezimbambo eziqinile zakhiwa. Amagatsha akha indawo yokukhosela emnyama edlulisa ukukhanya kwelanga ngokungafanele. Lokhu kuyasetshenziswa lapho kuhlobiswa izindawo ezivikelekile. Izitshalo ezinobukhulu obukhulu zivame ukutshalwa kumapaki amakhulu. Njengomphumela wokutshala kwe-tapeworm, umlimi uzothola ukwakheka okufanayo komhlaba.
Izihlahla ze-spruce zezihlahla eziyilokishi zivezwa ngokuhlobisa nokuhlukahluka. Izici ezihlukanisayo zifaka ukwakheka komqhele, umbala weenaliti nosayizi. AmaConifers anjalo atshalwe ngamaqembu. Zihlotshiswe ngemibhede yezimbali, izingadi ezincane namaslayidi.
Ubunzima ngokunikeza ama-conifers ukwakheka okufisayo ngokuvamile akuveli. Izihlahla ze-Fir zinika indawo yokugunda izinwele. Ukwakha i-silhouetrical ne-geometrically efanele, ayithathi isikhathi esiningi.
I-spruce emnyama eluhlaza isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izingadi zezitayela ezijwayelekile nezindawo zomhlaba. Eduze kwabo, kuvame ukutshalwa namanye ama-conifers. Zingaba zegolide, zesiliva kanye eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Eduze kwezihlahla zemisipha, "omakhelwane" abunotshani bavame ukutshalwa. Izitshalo kufanele zibe nomthunzi onothando. Kubandakanya iminduze yesigodi, ama-ferns, i-acid emuncu ne-astilbe.
