Amagilebhisi yisiko elingathandeki. Izici ezahlukahlukene kanye nekhwalithi yokutshala zibaluleke kakhulu. Ama-nzalo asevele evumelana nesimo sezulu kufanele atshalwe. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ingozi yokuthola izifo ezithathelwanayo futhi kuvikele nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane. Futhi, ukuze uthole isivuno esiningi, kuyadingeka ukubheka ubuchwepheshe bokutshala nokwenza izindlela zokuvimbela izifo. Ukufeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu, amagilebhisi kufanele afafazwe ngemuva kokuqoqa imvuthuluka evuthiwe nangaphambi kwendawo yokukhosela. Ukulungiswa kwe-Autumn kuzosusa izibungu zezinambuzane eziyingozi nezinhlamvu zesikhunta. Ukwehluleka ukulandela le nqubo kuzoholela ekwehleni kwesivuno kanye nokuwohloka kokubukeka kwemivini namajikijolo. Uhlelo lwezimpande, amahlumela, ama-inflorescence, amaqabunga amaqabunga nawo angathinteka. Isihlahla sizokhula kancane kunokuba omakhelwane baso.
Kungani udinga ukucubungula amagilebhisi ekwindla
Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo ethandwayo, izinambuzane eziningi zihlala zimatasa emakhazeni. Ukulimala kwesiko ngalesi sikhathi kungabonakala kungasho lutho. Imiphumela izozibonakalisa ngokuphelele ngenkathi yokukhula.
Isikhunta kanye nama-parasites okweqisa kubangela ukufa kwezitshalo.
Ngokufafaza ekwindla, ungasusa:
- Downy isikhutha. Lesi sifo sithinta amahlamvu namajikijolo. Bakha inhlanganisela ekhanyayo. Ama-ejenti okubangela kwalesi sifo izingxabano, okuthi isikhathi eside ziqhubeke zisinda, njengoba zisemhlabathini nezinso;
- ukubola okumnyama. Izindawo ze-Cream ziyavela kumaqabunga amaqabunga. Uma ungalashwa, isivini siyobhujiswa ngokuphelele;
- anthracnose. Umphumela omubi we fungus uzothinta ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kanye nengaphandle lesitshalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinqubo ezibeka phansi zasebenza;
- Botrythiosis (grey bola). Izimpawu zokwehlula zenzeka kumagilebhisi. Uhlelo lwezimpande luzohlala luqinile. Ama-spores angena ezitshalweni ngemisinga yomoya;
- oidium. Ngakho-ke kubizwa ngokuthi i-Powdery yangempela. Isimo somtholampilo salesi sifo sifana nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo zesifo.
Ngenxa yokusebenzisa okufika ngesikhathi kwama-insecticides, ungasusa izibungu zemithi ye-woodworm, izibungu zesicabucabu kanye nama-aphid.
Amajikijolo ngesikhathi sokucwilisa ekwindla ngeke athinteke, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi isivuno seluvuniwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ubungozi bokuthi ubuthi be-fetus abukho ngokuphelele.
Izinsuku zokuvunwa kwamagilebhisi ekwindla
Isikhathi sokuvuna nesikhathi sokufafaza kuye ngezimo zezulu.
- Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, inqubo iqala ngoSepthemba 7-17.
- Abalimi abahlala emzileni ophakathi balinyelwa kusuka ngoSepthemba 20 kuya ku-30.
- Ekutshaleni ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, amagilebhisi okuqala asetshenzisiwe asetshenziswa. Ukuvunwa ngomhlaka 7-16 wenyanga yokuqala yekwindla. Amakati ahlungwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokususa amagilebhisi avuthiwe emvinini.
Ukulungiselela amagilebhisi ukufafaza, umlimi kufanele anqume iziqongo zemivini nokusika, asuse amahlamvu owomile.
Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa i-iron ne-sulfate yethusi ukucubungula, kufanele ulinde ukuwa okungokwemvelo kwamaqabunga nokuvalwa kwama-buds.
Ukuphuthuma nokwelashwa, umhlali wasehlobo kuphela ozoshisa izitshalo. Kulokhu, amagilebhisi afafazwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-Okthoba.
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa amagilebhisi ekwindla
Inqubo ayinzima. Isixazululo esilungiselelwe ngokuya ngemiyalo eza nomkhiqizo osetshenzisiwe sithululelwa kwisitshizi segadi. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwesihlahla ngasinye samagilebhisi singamalitha ayi-1-2.
Hhayi kuphela ukuthi isitshalo siphathwa, kepha futhi nenhlabathi ezungezile. Ngale ndlela, izibungu nezinhlamvu ezisele emhlabathini ziyabhujiswa.
Ngaphambi kokufafaza, umlimi kumele agqoke izibuko zokuphepha, isivunguzi sokuphefumula kanye namagilavu enjoloba. Ukucutshungulwa kufanele kwenziwe kwisimo sezulu esomile nesipholile.
Umphumela omuhle, amahora angama-4-5 ngaphandle kwezulu azokwanela. Ngalesi sikhathi, umuthi uzoba nesikhathi sokumunca.
Ukulungiselela nezindlela zokucubungula ekwindla
| Umuthi / ikhambi | Ukupheka | Izifo / Izinambuzane | Ukusebenza |
| I-iron sulfate | 10 l wetshezi 500 g wengxenye. | Oidium Anthracnose I-necrosis esetshenzisiwe Umdlavuza wegciwane Mold Ukujikeleza | Ukufafaza kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokulungiselela ukwakheka. Ukucutshungulwa kufakwa hhayi ezitshalweni kuphela, kodwa nangaphansi komhlabathi. Isixazululo sisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha kanye ne-prophylactic. |
| UMikal | Kwikhambi eliphelile, lokuhlushwa isithako esiyinhloko kufanele yiba ngu-0,25%. | I-Powdery hlobo | Isonto lonke ngemuva kokwelashwa, kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuthinta isihlahla samagilebhisi. |
| I-Folpan | Ehekeni eli-1, kudliwa kuphela umuthi ongu-1.5-2 kg. | Downy isikhutha | |
| I-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | I-50 g yesakhi ihlanganiswe ku-5 l wetshezi. Umuthi wenziwa esitsheni sepulasitiki noma sengilazi. | Futha, ulandela i-algorithm ejwayelekile. | |
| Urea | Isixazululo silungiselelwe kusuka ku-10 l wamanzi nama-300 g wesithako. Uma umuthi usetshenziselwa i-prophylaxis, inani lezinto eziyinhloko lincishiswa amahlandla ama-3. | Isikhala sesicabucabu, i-aphid, ukhuni. | Ukuqamba kusetshenziswa kanye ne-iron sulfate. Umphumela oyinkimbinkimbi uzonikeza umphumela omkhulu. Isixazululo sisetshenziselwa ukuthambisa inhlabathi nokucubungula imivini. Ngakho-ke, izibungu ziyaqothulwa. |
| Isixazululo seSoda | 10 g wamanzi thatha u-10 g we-baking soda. | Mold | Ukufafaza isihlahla |
| Udaka olusheshayo | 1 kg yesithako ngebhakede lamanzi. | Umvini omhlophe | |
| Fundazole | Izinga lokusebenzisa nge-10 l yetshezi ngu-10 g. | Amanga kanye ne-Powdery isikhutha. | Ukucubungula kwenziwa izikhathi ezi-2. Inqubo yesibili yenziwa emasontweni ama-3 ngemuva kweyokuqala. |
| I-Iodine | ½ isipuni se-iodine sengezwe kubhakede lamanzi. | Ukubola okumpunga | Isixazululo sisetshenziselwa ukufafaza imivini. |
| Ingxube yensipho yokuwasha kanye nomlotha wezinkuni. | Ngo-10 l wetshezi faka uhhafu webha yesepha no-500 g womlotha. Ukwakheka okuphuthumayo kufakwa amahora ama-3. | Downy isikhutha | Ukusebenza Kwegilevine |
Imivini ephathwe kahle ingaba mnyama. Umphathi wewayini akufanele esabe.
Kamuva, umbala uzothola umthunzi ojwayelekile.
Uma usebenzisa iFundazole, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le mpuphu ayinyibiliki kahle emanzini futhi ayihlukile ekushintshashintsheni. Umuthi unesigaba sesibili sezingozi.
I-ironron sulfate ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula ekwindla, kepha akunconywa ukuyisebenzisa entwasahlobo. Le nto inomphumela owakhayo kumagilebhisi. Izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo azishayi indiva lesi sincomo ukuze sinciphise ingozi yokulimala kwezinso kusuka kusiqalo esibuyayo.
Amakhambi esintu aphephe kakhulu kunamakhemikhali. Azilimazi izitshalo nabantu abacubungula. Ukufafaza kwesinye isikhathi kuhlanganiswa nokunisela.
Ukusebenza kokuvinjelwa kwamagilebhisi ekwindla ezinambuzaneni nasezifo kufakiwe ohlwini lwezinqubo zokuphoqelela. Ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ubusika, umlimi kufanele angakhohlwa mayelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, ukuchelela okufanele nokuvuna ama-cutways. Isinyathelo sokugcina ukukhosela izivini. Ngemuva kokuvikela isiko ezifweni ezithathelwanayo nasezinambuzaneni ekwindla, umlimi ngesikhathi sokuthela izithelo uzokwazi ukuthola isivuno esiningi sekhwalithi ephezulu.
Umgcini we wayini kufanele anganaki amasu adingekayo ezolimo, abantu, izindlela zemvelo nezamakhemikhali zomzabalazo. Ukuzisebenzisa ngokuhlelekile, uzokuvikela ukuvela kwezinkinga ezinkulu. Ukuvimbela ngesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sempilo yesivini sonke. Ukusuka kuzitshalo ezithintekile ezi-1-2, ngisho nezihlahlana eziqinile zingahlupheka.
