Uma othile ecabanga ukuthi ngokutshala i-apula ku-dacha yakhe, uqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzokunikeza isivuno esikhulu sama-apula impilo yakhe yonke, khona-ke umuntu angadumala kakhulu.
Ukutshala isihlahla (kanye nokuzalwa kwendodana) kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esincane esincane endleleni okufanele uyenze ngaphambi kokuba imiphumela yokuqala yemisebenzi yakho ikwazi ukuzibonakalisa. Isihlahla, njengengane, kufanele sizinakekele njalo, ngaphandle kwalokho izifo nezinambuzane zingabangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa nenzalo yakho.
Kungani udinga ukufiphala izihlahla nezihlahla entwasahlobo
Ukuqala kwenkathi, okungukuthi, isikhathi lapho izihlahla zezitshalo nezihlahla, zivusa emva kokushisa kwebusika, ziqala ukubuthelela amandla okubunjwa kwesithelo - lesi yisikhathi lapho udinga ukunakekela ukuvikelwa kwazo ngangokunokwenzeka. Yingakho Ukwelapha izihlahla entwasahlobo ngokumelene nezilokazane nezifo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekulimeni kokulima.
Empeleni, intwasahlobo yisikhathi sobuqili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuthi udinga isikhathi sokubuyiselwa emva kokuhlala isikhathi eside ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zeqhwa elibi, ngakolunye uhlangothi - izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, futhi ziphinde zitholakale ekuphumeni kwesikhathi, ziqala ukuzidla ngokuzikhandla, zihlasele ngokulangazela amaqabunga nezimbali ezingenakubalwa. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezihlahla entwasahlobo kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa okuyimpoqo yezinambuzane, ngoba uma ungangeneli kulolu hlelo, awukwazi ukulinda isivuno. Yiqiniso, ngeke kwenzeke ukubhubhisa zonke izinambuzane eziyingozi engadini, nakuba umsebenzi onjalo ungasethiwe. Kubaluleke nakakhulu ukugwema izivakashi ezingafuneki ezivela ensimini, ukwenza izihlahla zakho nezihlahla zakho zingathandeki kangako ezinambuzane ezinjalo, kokubili ngokudla nangokuphila "ngokuphila."
Enye ingxabano ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwentwasahlobo yensimu ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo ukuthi le nkathi ayifaki umthelela oqondile wamakhemikhali anobuthi kuma-ovari nasezithelo (ngenxa nje yokuthi angakabikho), ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane entwasahlobo kuyanciphisa ingozi yokulandela uketshezi ngezidakamizwa ezinjalo ngenxa yokudla izithelo ezicutshungulwayo namajikijolo.
Ngakho, Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokufafaza insimu entwasahlobo ukuvimbela izinambuzane nezifo ezizobe zilindele isakhiwo sakho phakathi nonyaka, kufaka phakathi uma ukusetshenziswa kwamafungicides nezinambuzane kungaphazamisa ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo yesitshalo.
Yiqiniso, ngokuqinisekile, sonke sifuna ukuziqhayisa ngezithelo namajikijolo akhule "ngaphandle kwemvelo." Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ukulinganisela okunempilo nokuqonda kwenani. Ababelethi emhlabeni jikelele bazama ukudala ukungahambisani nenye izinhlobo zezitshalo zezifo, kepha ukuze baphume ngokuphelele emathonyeni angozi angaphandle, lezi zinyakazo azikaze zenzeke, futhi akunakwenzeka nhlobo, njengoba nje uhlobo lwalolu hlelo, lapho "wonke umuntu adla wonke umuntu ". Ngakho-ke, kufanele silindele ukuthi izithelo zomuthi, ezingaphathanga noma iyiphi inkathazo, ngeke zifinyeleleke kubantu, ngoba nathi siyingxenye yezilwane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe umakhi uqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinhlobo (isibonelo, i-apple tree) ayithinteki ngokuphelele ngesikhumba, kufanelekile ukuphatha lezo zitatimende ngenani elilinganayo lokungabaza. Futhi lokhu akusho ukuthi bakunikhohlisa. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithile, njengokusakazeka kwezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, kuxhomeke ikakhulukazi ezimweni zangaphandle eziguqukayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinambuzane kanye nabathwali bezifo ezithathelwanayo bavame ukushintsha nokuvumelanisa nezinto ezintsha. Akumangalisi ukuthi bathi le fungicide efanayo ayinakusetshenziswa ensimini - amalungiselelo kumele aguquke njalo ukuze aqinisekise imiphumela engcono kakhulu.
Izitha eziyinhloko zezihlahla zezithelo, lapho ukuphefumula kwentwasahlobo kuqondiswa khona, yizibungu, izimvemvane, izimbali ezihlukahlukene kanye nama-aphid. Ngakho-ke, uma ungafaki isihlahla se-apula ekuqaleni kwenkathi, i-aphid iqala ukusondeza ijusi kusuka emahlathini kanye nezimbali, futhi iguqula amagxolo esihlahla, idale izikhukhula ezimbi, bese igaqeka futhi iphenduke ngamagundane. Ngenxa yalokho, umuthi ungase uyeke ukukhula nokufa. Ingozi efanayo ikhona ekulindeni amapheya, amaplamu, ama-apricot, ama-cherry plums kanye nezinye izihlahla zezithelo.
UMaycha uyathanda ukudla amaqabunga nama-ovari, kanti ukudla okuthandayo kuyigugu. Ngesikhathi umuntu omdala egcwele phezulu, izibungu zakhe eziningi zihlasela uhlelo lwemizi, okuyingozi kakhulu izithombo ezincane. Ukupompela okwesikhashana kungasiza ekuqedeni insimu yengozi enjalo.
Amapulangwe namavolontiya ayajabula nokudla imifino nezithelo zama-apula, amapheya, ama-plums kanye nama cherry, ngakho ukuvikelwa kwezihlahla ezinjalo, okwenziwa entwasahlobo, kuzogcina isivuno esizayo.
Lokhu ngenhla kusebenza ngokugcwele ekwelapheni izihlahla (ama-currants amnyama namabomvu, i-gooseberries, ama-raspberries, njll.), Ngoba kusentwasahlobo ukuthi izinyathelo eziyisisekelo kudingeka zithathwe ukuvikela zonke izitshalo ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo.
Indlela yokufuthola izihlahla entwasahlobo yezifo nezinambuzane
Njengamanje, kunezinketho eziningi kunokwelapha izihlahla zezithelo ezivela ezinambuzane entwasahlobo. Ngokuvamile, zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu:
- amalungiselelo eziphilayo;
- amakhemikhali amalungiselelo;
- "ukuthuthukiswa" kusho, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa abaphikisi abanamandla okuqala kokubili, ngokucabangela le ndlela evikelekile empilweni (futhi, eqinisweni, engcono kakhulu).
Ama-biological agents
Imikhiqizo yokwelashwa yensimu yezinto eziphilayo iyanda kakhulu ethandwa njengenye indlela eqondile kumakhemikhali.
Umphumela wabo ezinambuzaneni eziyingozi kanye nezifo ezithinta izifo azikwenziwa izinto ezinobuthi ezihlanganisiwe, kodwa yizinto eziphilayo (amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, ama-fungi, ngisho nezinambuzane). Futhi, njengenye indlela, akuyona into ephilayo eqobo yona esetshenziswayo, kodwa i-toxin (i-biotoxin) eyimfihlo yayo.
Uyazi? Izinto eziphilayo ezibhubhisa izinambuzane ezinambuzane zibizwa ngokuthi "entomophages". Ngokwengxenye ukhiqiza i-acarifagi - izibulala ezibulala. U-Akarifagi angenza ngendlela ehlukile: izilwane ezinjengezilwane ezinjenge-dragonflies, thrips, izimbungulu, izimpukane nezinkomba ezihlukahlukene zokudla. Ngokungafani nezilwane ezidliwa yizilwane, ezinye izidalwa (izidumbu) zingena ezinambuzane, zondla ngezindleko zayo, ekugcineni ziholela ekufeni "kwesisulu".
Lawo ma-agents agciwane angahle "asongwe" kusayithi ngokuzimela, enza izimo eziheha izinambuzane ezizuzayo. Le ndima ingagcwalisa, ithi, lwesinaphi, u-buckwheat, i-dill nezinye izitshalo zezinyosi ezitshalwe ezweni. Kodwa-ke, ukuvikelwa okunokwethenjelwa kwensimu, izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezinjalo azivami, ngakho-ke ososayensi baye bakhetha amalungiselelo amaningi ngokusekelwe ezenzweni eziphilayo. Cabangela ezinye zazo."Trikhodermin" umphikisi omkhulu wezinambuzane ezincane (okufaka ama-pathogens of scab, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokubola, ukulimala okuphuzile kanye nezinye izifo ezingathandeki). Lesi sitshalo ngokwawo asibi nengozi esenzweni se-Trichoderma, ngokuphambene nalokho, le fungus ikhulula izinto ezenza isitshalo sikwazi ukumelana nezifo ezihambelanayo. Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kungenziwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokuphumula nokuqhubeka phakathi nonyaka.
"Planriz" yi-bacteria yomhlabathi evikela insimu ephuma ku-powdery isikhutha, impande nezimpande zokubola, amaqabunga amaqabunga, septoria (ngokuvamile ehlasela ama-raspberries), kanye nezinambuzane ze-lepidopteran.
"I-Pentafag" - Indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela izifo zezithelo zezitshalo ngomdlavuza webhaktheriya, kanye nokulimala emangcwabeni amatshe atholakala ngamatshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungcono ukuvimbela isikhumba ne-powdery isikhutha.
"Phytodoc" kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwefungi le-pathogenic kanye nama-bacteria, ikakhulukazi, avikela izihlahla zezithelo kusuka ekulimazeni okuphelile, umdlavuza we-bacterial, izimpande nezithelo zokubola, isikhunta, isikhumba se-powdery, i-fusarium wilt, njll.
"I-Fitosporin-M" Ivikela insimu ngokumelene nezifo ze-fungal kanye ne-bacterial ezifana ne-scab, i-wilt, i-blight ephuzile, i-root rot, i-powdery isikhutha, i-brown brown kanye nabanye.
"Mikosan" ivikela izihlahla zezithelo ezifweni zefungal, bacterial and viral. Isenzo saso sisekelwe ekugubheni izitho zesitshalo ngefilimu evikelayo engavumeli ukuthi i-pathogen iwashaye. Isidakamizwa siqinisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komuthi futhi sisisize ukuba sibhekane nesifo ngokwayo. Leli thuluzi kufanele lisetshenziswe ngokwehlukile kunoma yimiphi enye imithi, ekubalweni kwe-0.1 kg yezinto eziku-4-8 amalitha amanzi.
"Gaupsin" yaba yindlela ephumelelayo yokulwa nama-aphid, i-codling moth, ama-leafworm, ama-cherry nama-plum izimpukane. Kulezi zifo, indawo yethonya lomuthi yi-powdery isikhutha, ukulimala okuphuthumayo nezinye. Iphinde ithole isitshalo nge nitrogen edingekayo kuso.
"Bitoxibacillin" futhi ivikela kahle insimu ekuguleni kanye nezinambuzane eziyingozi (izinambuzane ze-spider, iklabishi amabhu, ama-haws, ama-silkworms nabanye). Isenzo saso sisekelwe ekuphukeni komzimba wezinambuzane zezinambuzane, ngenxa yalokho i-larva ifa khona.
"Actofit" ubulala amacimbi, amathikithi, ama-whiteflies, ama-aphid.
"Riverm" Inikeza ukuvikelwa ezifweni ezihlukahlukene zezinhlamvu zefungal, futhi njengeGaupsin, ikhulula ama-molecule we-nitrogen emoyeni. Isici esihlukile salesi sidakamizwa siyashesha kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuzivikela eziphilayo, umphumela (isimiso sezimpande somuthi, into esebenzayo ifinyelela ngaphansi kwesigamu sehora ngemva kokuphalaza).
"Garden Garden" - Enye ithuluzi lokuvikela izihlahla kusuka ku-aphid, i-moth, i-powdery isikhutha kanye nezinye izinambuzane nezifo.
Thepha kanye nenundu ingasiza ekuqedeni lesi sidakamizwa "i-Fitoverm", kusukela emacimbini we-silkworm, inundu, ukuhleka, amabhu, iklabishi, njll. - "Lepidocide".
"Nemabakt" - Lawa angama-roundworms amancane awela ngaphakathi kwe-larva futhi awabhubhise ngesivinini sombani. Ngesikhathi sehlobo, lezi zinambuzane ezincane ziyakwazi ukuhlanza ngokuphelele ingadi yakho yezinambuzane, i-overwinter futhi uqhubeke "imisebenzi" ewusizo kusukela entwasahlobo.
Ama-biological agents anezinzuzo eziningi ezingenasisekelo: azibutheli emhlabathini, angalimazi isitshalo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kukhulu kakhulu kunezinye izidakamizwa. Kodwa kunezinye izinto ezingenakwenzeka. Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zindlela zidinga isikhathi esiningi ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle, kuyilapho ubuthi bekhemikhali buhamba ngokushesha.
Kubalulekile! Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo kungenziwa iqalwe kuphela uma izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke liba okungenani +10°C. Ngalesi sikhathi, amabhaktheriya we-pathogenic nezinambuzane, okuyizinto zokudla eziphilayo ezimele ekulungiseleleni kwezinto eziphilayo, zivuse futhi ziqale ukuthuthukisa. Uma kungenjalo, izikhali ezinjalo zezinto eziphilayo azizinamandla, ngakho-ke ukucubungula kokuqala kwensimu kungenziwa kuphela ngosizo lwe-chemistry.
Amakhemikhali
Ukucubungula izingadi ngamakhemikhali (i-pesticides) kubhekwa njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvikela izihlahla nezihlahla ezifweni nasezinambuzane. 
Uyazi? Igama elithi "izibulala-zinambuzane" livela emazwini amabili aseLatini: i-pestis (ukutheleleka) ne-caedere (ukubulala). Umqondo "wezinambuzane ezibulala izinambuzane" uhlanganisa amaqembu alandelayo wezinyosi: ukubulala ukhula - ukwenza ngokumelene nokhula, izinambuzane - ngezinambuzane eziyingozi, i-fungicides - ngokumelene nezinambuzane zezifo ze-fungal, i-zoocides - ngokumelene nezilwane ezifudumele (isibonelo, ama-rodents). Ngokuvamile, izibulala-zinambuzane, njengoba kucatshangwa egameni labo, zibulala enye inkathazo, kodwa zikhona nezinambuzane ezibangelwa ukungabi nabantwana, kanye nezinambuzane zokukhula ezivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane.Izibulala-zinambuzane zanamuhla zenza ngokushesha futhi zigcine umphumela wazo isikhathi eside, kodwa, ngokungafani ne-biologics, zingaba umlutha wezilokazane.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo akuyona ingozi empilweni yabantu noma ezifuywayo, ngoba emva kwesikhathi esithile emva kokufaka isicelo, izibulala-zinambuzane eziningi zibola ngokuphelele. Enye inzuzo yamalungiselelo amakhemikhali ukuthi ayencibilika kahle emanzini futhi athengiswa kakhulu ekulungele ukusetshenziswa kwamaphakheji okusheshayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokungafani ne-biologics, umthamo ofanele we-pesticides udlala indima ebalulekile: ukudlula umthamo ophakanyisiwe kungabangela umonakalo esitshalweni (ukushisa, ukwehlisa impova ephansi, ukubhujiswa kwama-pestles) nokulimaza imvelo, kuyilapho "ukuntuleka" kususa ukukhiqizwa kokulimaza izifo ezikhukhumayo ezitholakalayo ezibangelwa ubuthi obuhambisanayo.
Kubalulekile! Kudingekile ukuthi usebenze namakhemikhali ngangokunokwenzeka ngokulandela imithethonqubo yokuphepha, njengoba i-toxin ingabangela ubungozi kubantu nasezilwaneni ezifuywayo, hhayi kuphela ukugwinya, kodwa nangesikhumba kanye nokuphefumula.Kungcono ukwenza ukwenziwa kwentwasahlobo yezihlahla nezihlahla ezinamalungiselelo akhethekile, okuyingxube ye-fungicide ne-insecticide. Kulesi simo, lesi sitshalo sivikelwe ngesikhathi esifanayo kuzo zonke izifo nezinambuzane.
Ukuguqulwa okungenzeka kokudakamizwa okunzima okunjalo yi-urea evamile. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwensimu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ukuhlushwa okuphakeme kwe-urea (urea), okwengeza i-sulphate encane yethusi emxukeni. Inzuzo eyengeziwe yale nhlanganisela yikhono layo lokunciphisa ukuvuswa kwesihlahla isikhathi esifushane (ngesonto noma amabili), futhi ngenxa yalokho, ivikelwe emaqanda angalindelekile ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza (lokhu kusebenza ngokukhethekile emithini yemifula).
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, izihlahla kufanele zifakwe ngesixazululo esingaphansi kwe-urea. Ukucubungula okunjalo kuzosindisa insimu kusuka kuma-aphid, amaqabunga, ama-aple flower beetles, kanye ne-fishfish.
Ukudlula ngokweqile kwe-urea kungaholela ekwakhekeni kokushisa ephepheni leshidi, ngakho-ke, ukuhlenga i-urea ngamanzi, udinga ukuba uqaphele kakhulu.
Ukutshala kwezitshalo zezitshalo nge-copper sulfate nakho kuyathandwa. Le nqubo yenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi, ngaphambi kokuvela kokuqala kokuqhakaza, ngoba le nambuzane idala ukushisa emaqabeni amancane ukuze kutholakale umphumela wokuhlushwa. Okungeyona isimo lapho kudingeka khona ukubulala amagciwane ngesilonda esihlahleni.
I-sulfate ye-Copper inomthelela omubi kuma-pathogens of curl, moniliosis, coccomycosis kanye nodulation, phyllosis, isikhumba kanye nezinye izifo. Isidakamizwa sinconywa ukuba siphathe amapulazi, amapayipi nama-apula.
Kubalulekile! I-sulfate ye-Copper inesihlungu kakhulu! Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvimbela umuthi noma izinsalela zayo ukungena emzimbeni wamanzi noma eminye imithombo yamanzi, njengoba lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwezinhlanzi nezilwane futhi kudala izinkinga zempilo ezimbi kubantu.Ngokuvamile, i-sulfate yethusi ixubene izingxenye ezilinganayo ne-lime. Ingxube elandelwayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-Bordeaux liquid futhi ivikela insimu ezifweni eziningi nezinambuzane, kuyilapho ingabi nengozi.
Lezi nezinye izidakamizwa ezinezethusi, njenge "HOM" (i-oxychloride yethusi), i- "Oxyh" (i-oxychloride yethusi ne-oxadisyl), njll. Izihlahla nezihlahla zivikelwe kahle ezifweni ezifungayo, kodwa akufanele zisetshenziswe okungaphezu kwesisodwa ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, uma ukufiphala okunjalo kwenzeka ekwindla, uhlobo oluhlukile lwezokwelapha kufanele lukhethwe entwasahlobo.
Kuze kufike amaqabunga emithini, angaphathwa nge-sulfate yensimbi. Ngaphandle kokuvikelwa ezilwanyana ezinambuzane, lo muthi unomsebenzi owodwa - ukondla izitshalo ngensimbi, okudingekayo ekuthuthukiseni kwawo okuhle, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kulezi zihlahla ezinezithelo zensimbi ezinjengama-apula, amapheya kanye namaplamu.
"Isidakamizwa 30 V" lapho kuphefumula kwentwasahlobo kuhloswe ukubhubhisa izinambuzane ezingaphezu kwe-overwinter emagqabeni emithi yezithelo. Прежде всего это листовертка, червец, тля, белокрылка, щитовка и ложнощитовка, моль, медяница, плодовые клещи. Препарат образует на коре пленку, которая убивает "затаившихся" внутри личинок и уничтожает яйца насекомых.Ukungahambi kahle kwe-pesticide yisikhathi eside kakhulu sokuhlakazeka, lapho umkhiqizi exwayisa ngokuwasebenzisa kangaphezu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
Abanye balimi benza insimu nge-diesel fuel, kodwa lo mkhiqizo wamafutha unomthelela omubi kakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, uma ungasebenzi emotweni yemoto, lapho "i-shoe polish igcwele inhlama ephelele", sebenzisa amakhemikhali amancane amabi engadini. Kodwa uma benquma ukuthatha ithuba, isidakamizwa, okokuqala, singasetshenziswa ekuseni kakhulu (ngisho nangaphambi kokuba izinso zivuleke), okwesibili, ukuhlushwa kwayo kufanele kube mncane, futhi ukuthuthukisa umphumela kungcono hhayi kuphela ukuwuhlanza ngamanzi, kodwa futhi ukuxuba namanye amakhemikhali. Kukhona okunye okuhlukile: i-diesel fuel ingasiza ngempela ukuvikela i-apula noma iplamu ekubolekeni, isibonelo, uma kwenzeka ukwakheka.
Amakhambi omphakathi
Kuphikisana namakhemikhali, singancoma izixazululo eziningana zabantu ezisetshenziselwa ukucubungula imifino yasentwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izitshalo eziningi ezilimaza izinambuzane, ezakha isisekelo sokupuniza, azikwazi ukuthola ngokomzimba entwasahlobo. Kulokhu, ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izitokisi ezomile kusukela ngonyaka odlule, kodwa uma "iresiphi" ebonisa ukuthi kukhona utshani obusha, ingasetshenziswa ngezigaba kamuva, futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuvikela izihlahla nge-chemistry. Eqinisweni, le ndlela ibheka okunengqiqo: kuze kufike ukuthi ihlumela likhule, sisebenzisa ukuvikelwa okungaphezu kakhudlwana futhi okuyingozi kwesihlahla uqobo, futhi emva kokuba amaqabunga evulekile, izimbali zibukeka futhi zibonakala ama-ovari, sisebenzisa "i-light version" njenge "shot shot".
Ukuze uphefeze insimu ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinambuzane ezibekezela izinambuzane njenge: ukuhlwanyela i-thistle (kunconywa ukuba uthathe ngokushesha ukuvuna), i-pepper ebabayo (ungathatha omisiwe), u-walnut (amaqabunga owomile), osondelene futhi obabayo (udinga iziqongo ezintsha eziqukethe amaqabunga, amaqabunga nezimbali), i-tansy (inflorescences omisiwe), umhlonyane (ungakwazi uthathe omisiwe), i-chamomile, ikhemisi, i-Dalmat, i-Caucasian (ungathatha omisiwe), i-sarsazan (ungathatha amahlumela omisiwe), utamatisi oqongile (ungasebenzisa omisiwe noma uthathwe umquba wonyaka odlule), i-garlic (ama-clove), ama-pine izinaliti, izinyoni ze-cherry (ungathatha amagatsha owomile eshiya), Sophora listohvostnaya noma tolstoplodnaya (amakhambi omisiwe eqoqwe ngesikhathi izimbali), ugwayi (Shag) kanye nabanye abaningi.
Isimiso sokulungiswa kwesisombululo kufana nalokhu: izinto ezibonakalayo zichotshoziwe, zigcwele amanzi, zifakwe futhi zihlungiwe. Amaphesenti, uma efunwa, angashayiswa enetheni. Ngaphezu kokulungiswa kwamakhemikhali, ukusifiphaza kuqhutshwa nesisombululo saline noma isisombululo se-superphosphate ne-potassium chloride (lokhu kusiza ukuqeda ama-aphid namaqabunga ama-gnawing).
Ama-aphid nama-suckers nawo axoshwa yizihlahla zezithelo ezivuthiwe ngothuli kagwayi (bathululelwa ngotshani, oshiswa emlilweni).
Ngokuvamile, kungashiwo ukuthi izixazululo zomuntu ukucubungula izingadi aziqiniseki neze imvelo njengamakhemikhali anobuthi (nakuba kunokwenzeka ukuthi ushise izinkuni ngokugxila kwezinye), kodwa ukusebenza kwawo kukhulu kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha indlela eyodwa yokuvikela kufanele kuqhubekele kuzo zonke izici: kusukela ngesimo sezulu kuya esimweni sensimu yakho, iminyaka yezihlahla, ukusabalalisa esifundeni kanye nesigameko sendawo ethile yenkathazo ethile, njll. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele lapho uhlela ukucubungula izihlahla zezithelo ezivela ezinambuzane: ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza noma emva kwalo.
Lapho ukwelashwa kwensimu yezifo nezinambuzane kuyadingeka
Imigomo yokucubungula izihlahla zezithelo ezivela ezinambuzane entwasahlobo, njengoba sesiyiqonde kakade, ingahluka. Amanye amalungiselelo kufanele asetshenziswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka kwawo, amanye angasetshenziswa ngisho nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza futhi ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwama-ovari.
Kunoma yikuphi, ukusetshenziselwa kahle kwensimu enkathini yokusabalalisa kufaka izigaba ezine:
Ukufafaza kokuqala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqale ukuvuthwa kwezihlahla zezithelo nezitshalo.- Esesibili senziwa ngesikhathi lapho izinso zivuvukala.
- Kunconywa ukufeza isitshalo sesithathu ngaphambi kokusila, kepha uma kuhlanganiswa imbali futhi sekuzovula.
- Okwesine (ukucubungula kokugcina) kwenziwa masinyane emva kokuba isitshalo sesigcwele.
Ukufafaza kokuqala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqale ukuvuthwa kwezihlahla zezithelo nezitshalo.Izici zokucubungula insimu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo
Ukuphathwa kokwelashwa kokuqala kuthathwa njengokubaluleke kakhulu. Kungcono ukubhubhisa izinambuzane kanye nabathwali bezifo ezithinta kakhulu emhlabathini nasemhlabathini oseduze ngaphambi kokuthi bafike ezinhliziyweni zabo emva kokushona kwe-hibernation bese baqala umsebenzi wabo ongcolile.
Iqhwa selihlile, izinga lokushisa liye lawela uphawu lwe-zero, kwaba usuku olungenamandla - futhi uqale ukusebenza!
Lokho esikufakela izihlahla entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuphuka kwephunga, sesivele sisazi: sisebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane, ukuhlukumeza okwamanje okwesabekayo kwesihlahla, kodwa kubulala izinambuzane.
I-Bordeaux liquid for the first use of spraying in concentrations up to 3%. Ungathenga ikhi elenziwe ngomumo ngezingxenye ezikhethiwe kahle, futhi ungenza umuthi ngokwawo ngokuxuba u-0.45 kg we-lime no-0.3 kg we-sulphate yethusi ebhaketheni lamanzi (10 l).
Ungaphinda ufefa izihlahla nge-Nitrofen noma ingxube ye-urea ne-copper sulfate (0.7 kg no-0.05 kg, ngokulandelana, ebhakedeni lamanzi). Esikhundleni se-urea, abanye balimi basebenzisa umanyolo we-nitrogen noma ama-potash, kodwa hhayi ama-chlorine aqukethe. Kunoma yikuphi, umanyolo kufanele usetshenziswe ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalana kwawo, ngaphandle kwalokho uzolahlekelwa yiwo wonke ukusebenza kwawo.
Ukwelapha izihlahla kanye nezihlahla kumele kube ngokuphelele - kusukela esihlahleni (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokuqhekeka) kanye nezihlahla zomuthi zibe amathiphu amagatsha. Ngaphambi kokufuthola, qiniseka ukuthi uhlanza kahle umgqomo ngesibhamu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzomele uhlale ukhumbule ukuthi izitshalo ezihlukahlukene zivuka ngemva kwesikhathi sasebusika kungekho ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakho-ke uma uqinisa nge-first treatment, ikakhulukazi izihlahla zakuqala nezihlahla zingashiswa. Ngakho uma ama-apula, amapheya kanye nama-plums ahlongozwa maphakathi no-Mashi, ke-ke, uthi, i-currant emnyama ingaba nenkathi ekhulayo ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuhlukanisa inqubo ngezigaba eziningana kunokuba uzame ukubamba ngosuku olulodwa futhi ngenxa yalokho uhlanza amahlumela amancane ngobuthi.
Ukufafaza izihlahla kanye nezihlahla phambi kwezimbali
Njengoba sekushiwo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali, ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga aqhume, futhi abuyele ngqo efihlekile (ngaphambi kokuqhakaza), insimu iphinde iphethwe. Uma ukufafaza kwenziwa nge-pesticides, kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuhlushwa okubuthakathaka (isibonelo, uma sihlanza amanzi e-Bordeaux ngesixazululo se-3% ngesikhathi sokulashwa kokuqala, manje sisebenzisa isisombululo se-1%).
Kodwa-ke, kungcono kulesi sigaba ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo eminingi yanamuhla engathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile. Isibonelo, ngokuxuba i-"Chorus" ye-fungicide ne-insecticide "Aktar", ngesikhathi esifanayo uvikela insimu ezifweni zefungal nakuzinambuzane. Inhlanganisela efanayo ingabuye isetshenziswe emva kwezihlahla zezimbali. Imithi enjenge-"Fufanon", "Decis", njll. Zizibonakalise kahle.
I-nuances yokucubungula izingadi ngesikhathi sezimbali
Umbuzo othi "Kungenzeka yini ukuthi uphefa izihlahla ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza?" Ingabe kunengxabano. Abalimi abaningi abahlukanisi ngalokhu, ngoba kungenzeka ukulimaza ama-inflorescences nokuphazamisa yonke inqubo elandelayo yesithelo.
Ngokuvamile, akungabazeki ukuthi phakathi nenkathi yezimbali akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ama-antitictic pesticides angalimaza hhayi kuphela izimbali, kodwa futhi nezinyosi ezisebenza "ngensimu" ensimini yasezimbali.
Uma ngezizathu ezithile ungenawo isikhathi sokucubungula insimu ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimbali, kusengcono nakakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Ukucubungula insimu ngalesi sikhathi kuzovikela isihlahla kuma-aphid, amakhizane, ama-leafworms, ama-creepers, ama-sawflies kanye nezinye izinambuzane, kanye nezifo eziningi ezikhohlisayo. Amalungiselelo e-phosphorus anama-organic angasetshenziswa, isibonelo, i-Fufanon noma i-Actellic. Ngesikhathi esishisayo, sebenzisa i- "Fitoverm", "Akarin", "Iskra Bio", "i-Entobacterin" neminye imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, ngoba sikhumbula ukuthi ziphephile esihlahleni, kodwa zibulala izifo ezifweni nezifo nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Ukwelapha izihlahla nezihlahla emva kokuchichima
Ukufafaza izihlahla zezithelo kanye nezihlahla emva kwezimbali kuyisigaba sokugcina sokuvikelwa kwensimu yasentwasahlobo kusuka ezifweni nasezinambuzane.. Umgomo wayo oyinhloko ukubhubhisa izibungu ze-moth, i-codling moth, i-weevils, amabhu, i-aphid, imikhaza kanye nokuvimbela izifo ezikhona zensimu.
Ukucubungula kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu emva kokuba izihlahla nezihlahla ziphele.
Kukhona amalungiselelo amaningi wanamuhla okulungisa isimu ngalesi sikhathi, ngakho-ke akufanele kube nezinkinga ngokukhetha komuntu ofanele kakhulu. Kodwa yikuphi okungafanelekile ukuphalaza izihlahla emva kokuqhakaza, ngakho-ke yizibulala-zinambuzane ekugxilweni okuphezulu. Kungcono ngalesi sigaba ukukhetha okuthandwa yizinto eziphilayo noma amakhemikhali amaningi amakhemikhali. Ukuze uthole ukukhishwa kwezihlahla zezithelo ngoMeyi, isibonelo, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo: i-Brunka, iBlue Bordeaux, i-Fital, i-Delan, i-Saprol, Intukuthelo, i-Fastak, i-Talstar, i- Fufanon, i- "I-Decis", "iKarate", i- "Confidor", "Aperkot", "Koragen".
I-"Skor" fungicide ephakanyiswe ukuthi isetshenziswe kulesi sigaba iphinde isebenze futhi ibe ne-poisonous low. Ukuzikhethela kuxhomeke ezintweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi, imithi ngayinye ihlose ukulwa nezinambuzane ezithile, ezibuye zithande phakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo. Ngakho-ke, funda imiyalelo bese ukhetha inhlanganisela enhle.
Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, i-apricot, ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke i-perforated spotting kanye nokushisa komzimba, kusuka ezinambuzane - i-aphid, i-leafworm, i-moth.
I-Peach, i-blooming, ivame ukuthinteka ukuvunduka kwamahlamvu nokuqhakaza, futhi kuvame ukuhlaselwa yi-pinworm. Izihlahla zitholakala ku-moniliosis, i-klyasterosporosis, ne-polystygosis, phakathi kwezinambuzane izitha zabo eziyinhloko yizikhawu, ama-aphid, ama-leafworms, ama-seedhs. I-Cherry kanye nemifino yezithelo ze-cherry ngemuva kokuchichima ingaphazamisa ukuqhakaza ne-coccomycosis. Izimpukane ze-Cherry zifuna ukubeka amaqanda ngaphansi kweqabunga lesithelo ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwazo, futhi lezi zihlahla nazo zithinta ama-aphid nama-moths.
Izihlahla ze-Apple kanye namapheya aphethwe isikhumba kanye ne-powdery isikhutha, ezivela ezinambuzane zazo, izibungu, ama-aphid, nama-sawflies ayingozi.
Kubalulekile! Kulezi zinsuku kungcono ukufafaza insimu kusihlwa: izimbungu ezifihlile emaqabeni zikhetha ama-ovari kanye nobumnyama obuhlaza ukuze badle ebusuku, lapho ubuthi obulindele khona. Uma ngabe izidakamizwa sezisebenze, ekuseni uzokwazi ukubona umcimbi omkhulu: inqwaba yezimbungu ezifile ezilenga emagatsheni ama-cobwebs amancane.
Indlela yokusingatha izihlahla nezihlahla ezifweni nezilokazane
Ngokubanzi, ungenza ngendlela oyithandayo, kodwa ngokuphepha (eyakho nalabo abaseduze nawe), kanye nokufeza umphumela omkhulu, kungcono ukulandela imithetho ethile nezincomo.
Kudingekile ukuthi uqale ukuthungula kusuka esihlalweni sobukhosi, kancane kancane uhamba phansi. Isigaba sokugcina ukuqhutshwa komjikelezo wesondo (kubaluleke kakhulu ukungakhohlwa lesi sigaba). Ngaphandle kokuphalaza kokugcina, okwenziwa phakathi nesikhathi "somsebenzi" osebenzayo wamapuni, kungcono ukuphatha izihlahla kusukela ekuseni.
Ukuze inqubo udinga ukukhetha usuku olungenamoya olomile. Buza mayelana nesimo sezulu futhi uma imvula iboniswa ngosuku olulandelayo, hlela kabusha inqubo ngezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngomswakama obuncane, into esebenzayo iyashesha ngokushesha futhi ibangele umonakalo ongaphansi kwesitshalo. Okuhlukile kungase kube neminye imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, okuyinto, ngokuphambene nalokho, idinga ukuba khona kwamanzi, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa, funda imiyalelo. Kubalulekile futhi ukubala ngokulinganiselwe inani elidingekayo lomuthi, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwakhona ngemva kwesikhathi akuvumelekile neze: udinga ukuchitha ngokuphelele njengoba udinga ukwelashwa kwamanje. Kulandela kulokhu kubalwa: cishe 5-6 l wekhambi "amaqabunga" omuthi omdala, u-0.5 kuya ku-1.5 l wezihlahla nezihlahla ezincane, kuye ngobukhulu bawo.
Okokugcina, ukuze usebenze kahle, akufanele ubeke umshanelo ebhakedeni uphinde uwuhlakaze esihlahleni - uthenge ispirishi yesimanje kangcono. Namuhla, abakhiqizi banikeza ukhetho olubanzi kunawo wonke oluzokuvumela ukuba ukhethe okukhethwa kukho okuhle kuncike ngobukhulu begadi yakho (ahluke kokubili ivolumu namandla, kahle, futhi ngentengo). Izihlahla ezincane ezikhulayo kanye nezitshalo ezincane zingelashwa nge-sprayer ejwayelekile yepulasitiki, kanti nezingadi ezinkulu zingase zifanele ukuthenga ipompo kagesi ebiza kakhulu kodwa enokwethenjelwa kakhulu.
Ungakhohlwa mayelana nenqubo yokuphepha komuntu siqu. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi ushukela yini osebenzayo futhi, kuye ngokuthi lokhu, ukulungisa ukuziphatha kwakho. Kunoma yikuphi, ubuso kufanele bumbozwe ngomoya wokuphefumula noma we-gauze bandage, izinwele kufanele zimbozwe nge-kerchief noma i-bandana, futhi amehlo avikelwe izibuko. Gqoka amagilavu futhi kungcono ukuthi ungashiyi isikhumba esivulekile. Gcina imindeni (ikakhulukazi izingane) kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ukucubungula izingadi yensimu kuyinkambo enzima, edinga izindleko ezinkulu zomsebenzi nezomnotho, kanye nolwazi olujulile lobunjiniyela bezolimo. Kodwa nokho awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwalo, yebo, uma ubala ukuphila okude kwezihlahla noma izihlahla ozitshalayo futhi ufuna ukuvuna isivuno esihle ngonyaka ngamunye.
