Ugqumugqumu yizinhlobo zezinhlobo zomndeni we-Smorodinovye umndeni wokugcoba. Lesi sitshalo sivela e-Afrika futhi sitshala naseningizimu yeYurophu, eCaucasus, Asia naseMelika.
Uyazi? Ukukhwabanisa eYurophu kwadumile ngekhulu le-16, futhi ngo-17 kwaba omunye wamajikijolo athandwa kakhulu eNgilandi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi wokukhetha waqala ukuthuthukisa ama-hybrids. Kwangenzeka ukuthola izinhlobo zokumelana nomoya.
Ugqumugqumu uyisibhakabhaka esincane kuze kube ngu-120 cm, nekhanda elimnyama elikhazimulayo, elimbozwe amahlumela athwala amahlamvu. Amaqabunga ahlangene, ahlukaniswe kancane, anezidakamizwa, engaqondakali, isici sezihlahla ezinameva.
I-blooms ye-ugqumugqumu ngoMeyi ngezimbali ze-axillary ezibomvu. Amajikijolojukisi amajikijolo anesisindo futhi ajikelezayo, afike ku-12 mm (kunezinhlobonhlobo nezithelo ezifika ku-40 mm), ezimbozwe ngezikali ezincane ezinamalitha. Emajikijolo ngokucacile imisa imivimbo yemifino eluhlaza, obomvu nebomhlophe. Izithelo zivuthwe ngoJulayi no-Agasti.
Izithelo ugqumugqumu inempilo futhi esihlwabusayo. Iqukethe ama-acids aphilayo, ama-tanins, ama-salts ensimbi namavithamini. Lesi sitshalo sithandeka kakhulu: uma une-shrub eyodwa ensimini yakho, i-ugqumugqumu izobe isithela izithelo, iheha izinambuzane zokuvuthwa.
Uyazi? Sibiza i-gooseberries "amagilebhisi asenyakatho".
Konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokutshala i-gooseberries
Lapho ukutshala i-gooseberries
Ugqumugqumu ungatshala ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukutshala i-gooseberries ekwindla, bachaza ukuthi emva kokutshala, izihlahla zokugaya izihlahla zinezikhathi zokwakha izimpande eziqinile futhi zilungiselele ubusika.
Uma utshala ugqumugqumu, cabangela zonke izici nezidingo zayo. Izimpande "zamagilebhisi asenyakatho" zide, ngakho-ke akufanele uzitshale esigodini, zingatheleleka ngezifo zefungal.
Ukusika isiphuzo kuhle kakhulu etshalwe ethafeni noma ilanga elikhanyayo. Le ndawo kufanele ivikelwe emimoyeni ebandayo evela enyakatho nasempumalanga. Umhlabathi kufanele ungathathi hlangothi noma nge-acidity ephansi. Umhlabathi oqoshiwe, onesihlabathi, onesihlabathi futhi onobuhle ufanelekile kuye.
Ukutshala ekwindla
Ukutshala i-gooseberries ekwindla kuyindaba yamalungiselelo ambalwa. Udinga, okokuqala, ukuhlanza indawo kusuka kokhula nokhula; kusukela ehlathini liyi-prickly, kuyoba nzima kuwe ukuthi ukhula ngemuva kwalokho. Khona-ke, indawo ehlanjululwe kakade kufanele iguwe futhi isuswe izimpande zokhula, ukulinganisa umhlabathi nge-rake, ukuphula izinkomba.
Abalimi abaningi bayelulekwa ukuba bemba imbobo ngokujula nobubanzi kuze kube ngu-50 cm amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala, ukuze umhlaba uhlale. Uhlaka olungenhla, oluvundile kakhulu lomhlabathi kufanele lususwe futhi lubekwe eceleni; umsebenzi ofanayo kufanele wenziwe ngendwangu engezansi engezansi. Okulandelayo, lungiselela umanyolo wokutshala i-gooseberries: enhlabathini evundile, engeza u-10 kg we-humus ephukile, 50 g we-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate. Lesi sitshalo somhlabathi esifundisiwe kufanele sibe ngokwanele iminyaka eminingana.
Kubalulekile! Uma leyo ndawo ingumhlabathi wobumba, ke lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi ye-gooseberries kudingeka wengeze ibhakede lomhlabathi wesihlabathi.
Uma utshala izitshalo eziningana, khona-ke ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele libe okungenani imitha, phakathi kwemigqa - kuze kufike ku-3 m.
Imifino eneminyaka elilodwa enezimpande 25-30 cm ubude ifanelekile ukutshala. Ingxenye esemhlabathini yesitshalo kufanele ibe namagatsha amaningana aqinile. Ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo, izimpande zawo kufanele zifakwe esixazululweni kwanoma imuphi umanyolo okhuthaza ukukhula.
Izihlahla ezincane zezitshalo kumele zitshalwe nge-angeli ukuze intamo impande ingaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi; izimpande kufanele ziqondiswe kahle. Thela umhlaba u-piecemeal, isendlalelo ngasinye senziwe ngendwangu ye-peat ne-humus.
Ukufika entwasahlobo
Ukutshala ugqumugqumu entwasahlobo akufani neze ekwindla. Uma ucabanga ngokutshala i-gooseberries entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, abalimi abaningi batusa ukwenza lokhu ekwindla. Etshalwe ekwindla, ugqumugqumu uzothatha izimpande kangcono, amahlumela ayoqina futhi anamandla kunezihlahla ezitshalwe entwasahlobo.
Uyazi? Ugqumugqumu uqala ukuthela izithelo kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine, futhi fruiting yayo kungadlulela iminyaka engu-15.
Kufanele kube yindawo yokufika
Isiklabishi - isitshalo esibonisa ukukhanya. Ngakho-ke, kufanele itshalwe ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Ayithandi i-overmoistening (qala ukubola izimpande) futhi ibekezelela isomiso kahle. I-Gooseberries idinga ukuba itshalwe ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphansi aphansi komhlaba, okungenani u-1.5m ukusuka phezulu. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukutshala endaweni lapho wena namalungu omndeni wakho ozokwazi ukunakekelwa khona. Ukutshala isitshalo akufanele kube yinkinga kuwe.
Uma unesikhala esincane kusayithi, ke Lesi sitshalo singahlwanyelwa phakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo, kodwa ekude okungenani ngamamitha amabili. Ungakwazi futhi ukuhamba phakathi kocingo - ungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1.5.
Ugqumugqumu awuthandi inhlabathi exubile kakhulu. I-acidity yenhlabathi akufanele idlule i-Ph, uma izinga liphakeme, bese i-lime kufanele ifakwe enhlabathini - 200 g ngehora elilodwa lesikwele. m
Ukulungiswa komhlaba nokutshala uhlelo "amagilebhisi asenyakatho"
Ugqumugqumu awudingi emhlabathini. Ngaphandle kwenhlabathi eqinile, futhi ayithandi umhlaba omanzi futhi obandayo. Uma lesi sitshalo sikhulile emhlabathini webumba, kuyadingeka ukuthi siphumelele njalo, futhi sibe nesihlabathi esinesihlabathi, senze umquba.
Ngemuva kokuhlanza ngokucophelela inhlabathi yokutshala, kudingeka ukhumbule ukwengeza umanyolo. Hlanganisa inhlabathi evundile ngomquba, i-humus, umquba e-4 kg nge-1 sq. Km. m isakhiwo. Uma inhlabathi iyimpofu, kudingeka udinge inani lemanyolo ephilayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-urea eyengeziwe (20-30 g), i-superphosphate (50 g), i-potassium chloride (15-20 g) kufanele ifakwe.
Ukuze kube nomphumela omkhulu, lapho inhlabathi ingekho, izimila eziphilayo ziyasetshenziswa ngqo emgodini wokutshala. Ngomhlabathi onomhlabathi, ubumba lubekwe phansi phansi emgodini (kuze kufike ku-7 cm), ngodaka - isanti lomfula.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa kwe-gooseberries
Indlela yokunakekela i-gooseberries entwasahlobo
Esikhathini sokupheka, isikhathi sokukhula siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lezi zitshalo ziqhakaza ngoMeyi, kanti izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuze kufike ku-Agasti.
Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba iqhume, enhlabathini ngaphansi kwezidingo ze-ugqumugqumu ukwenza ama-fertilizer amaminerali - i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen. Phakathi nesikhathi lapho ifihlekile ivulekile, yondla isitshalo ngomquba noma umquba (12 kg ngesihlahla). Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile futhi ukuphatha i-ugqumugqumu ngamalungiselelo kusuka ezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene.
Ukulwa nama-aphid, amabhu, sawfly sebenzisa isisombululo sesephu ngomlotha - amalitha ayi-10 amanzi, 50 g isepha kanye no-40 g we-ashted sifted ukugxilisa usuku. Lelixazululo lisetshenziselwa isitshalo entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuhluma.
Kukholelwa ukuthi Ukuze izithelo izihlahla, isikhathi esihle sokusika izihlahla zakuqala entwasahlobo, kodwa ukushisa izihlahla zomswakama kungabulala isivuno saso esizayo. Lesi sitshalo siphakamisa kuqala kunabanye: iqhwa lingakaqhathaniswa, kanti ukusikwa kwamaqanda kakade kuhlakaza ifihlekile. Kungcono ukusika i-gooseberries ekupheleni kwekwindla, lapho isitshalo sesilungele ubusika. Uma udinga izithombo, kufanele udedele phansi ngaphansi kwehlathi, usebenzise umanyolo, wenze izindawo ezincane bese uzigcwalisa ngamanzi. Khona-ke kulezi zintaba zibeka izimpukane ezimbili zejijoloji, ziwachoboza ngokucophelela enhlabathini enomanzi futhi zihlanganise emhlabathini ngezingwegwe. Ekuseni uzothola izithombo ezifakiwe ezidinga ukuhlukaniswa zibe izingxenye futhi zitshalwe.
Kubalulekile! I-ugqumugqumu omncane (oneminyaka emibili ubudala) idinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kudinga ukufaka umanyolo njalo nokuphuza okulinganiselayo.
Okufanele ukwenze ehlobo
Ehlobo, kuzomele uhlale ukhula ukhula, ukhulule umhlabathi eduze kwehlathi (kuze kufinyelele ku-10 cm) bese uphuza amanzi emva kokukhulula. "Amagilebhisi aseNyakatho" akhuthazelela isomiso kahle, kodwa ngezikhathi ezinjalo ithola umswakama ezitshalweni zawo, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela, ngakho-ke, ukuze lesi sitshalo singabi nciphisa imithombo yaso, kubalulekile ukuwaphuza kahle ngenkathi isomiso.
Kubalulekile!I-Gooseberries idinga ukuphuziswa emmpandeni, njengoba ingathola isikhutha se-powdery.
I-ugqumugqumu, ngenkathi iqala ukuthela izithelo, udinga izingxenye ezilula zezimila eziphilayo. Hlanganisa 1: 1 umquba, i-peat noma umquba ngomhlabathi bese unamathele ingxube ngaphansi kwesihlahla "samagilebhisi asenyakatho".
Ukunakekela ugqumugqumu ekwindla
Ekuseni ekwindla udinga ukukhula ukhula oluqhamukayo oluvela emanzini, ukuze ususe imifucumfucu ehlukahlukene eqoqile ehlobo. Lapho amahlamvu ewile, kuzodingeka futhi ukususe eduze kwe-ugqumugqumu bese uwushisa, ngoba izifo ezihlukahlukene zezifo zingahlala kuwo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukwakha umcamelo womhlabathi eduze nesihlahla, uzovikela lesi sitshalo kusuka ezinambuzane.
Ekwindla, kubalulekile ukuphatha lesi sitshalo nge-fungicides kusuka ekugqeni, powdery isikhutha, nase-anthracnose.
Kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesitshalo ngesikhathi sokumba kwenhlabathi. Izitshalo neziqu zomquba kufanele zifakwe ekugqokeni - 30 g yokulungiselela kufanele zisetshenziswe ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala, kubalulekile ukubeka ama-humus nge-peat kuze kube ngu-10 cm obukhulu ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Ekwindla sekwephuzile, ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala, udinga ukusika izihlahla ze-gooseberries Lokhu kuzosiza ekwakheni isihlahla esivusa amadlingozi futhi kuzosusa amagatsha amadala nokulimala. Ngemuva kokudubula okunjalo, amahlumela angama-6 aqinile ahlukanisiwe kufanele ahlale ehlathini. Lesi yisisekelo sokuvunwa okuhle ngonyaka ozayo.
NgoDisemba, lapho iqhwa lokuqala liwa, udinga ukuliphonsa ngaphansi kwe-ugqumugqumu ukuvikela ngokumelene neqhwa elizayo. Uma ubusika bethembisa ukuba neqhwa elincane, khona-ke isitshalo kufanele sihlanganiswe ne-agrospan noma ezinye izinto ezifanayo.
Ukupheka ugqumugqumu
Kunezindlela eziningana zokukhiqiza ugqumugqumu. Umlimi ngamunye ukhetha okulungile kuye. Okujwayelekile kakhulu futhi okuthandwayo yi:
- Ukukhiqizwa ngokubeka
- Ukusabalalisa ngokuqamba izingqimba
- Ukubeka okulinganayo
- Ama-cuttings angama-Lignified
- I-cuttings ehlaza
- I-cuttings ehlanganisiwe
- Amagatsha angapheli
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla.
Umthetho oyinhloko wokubeletha okunjalo ugqumugqumu ukuba khona komhlabathi omanzi wokutshala izitshalo.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Isikhathi sokuvuna se-ugqumugqumu sincike ezinhlobonhlobo. Ingqikithi yeqoqo iwela ngoJulayi-Agasti. Iningi lamajikijolo livuthwa ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze isivuno sikwazi ukuqoqwa ngokushesha.
Kunezigaba ezimbili zokuvuthwa kwe-ugqumugqumu: ubuchwepheshe kanye nomthengi. Ngokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe, Izithelo ezinjalo zilungele ukupheka ujamu, cindezela. Bafaka ifomu labo, baqala ukuthola umbala ohambelana nezinhlobonhlobo. Kodwa i-pulp isamuncu.
Ukuvuthwa kwabathengi - Yilapho i-berry iqalile ngokugcwele, umbala wesithelo uye wahambisana nezinhlobonhlobo, ukunambitheka kumnandi, nge-acidity emnene, izikhwama zesikhumba ngaphansi kwamazinyo.
Ngokwesilinganiso, isihlahla esisodwa singakwazi ukuqoqa kuze kufike ku-8 kg amajikijolo.
Izimo zokugcina amajikijolo we-gooseberry zizoxhomeka ekukhuleni kwabo. Uma amajikijolo avuthiwe, kufanele udonse izithelo ezigulini ezifinyelela ku-2.5 amalitha, futhi agcinwe izinsuku ezingaba ngu-4. Amajikijolo ngokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe angagcinwa izinsuku ezingafika kwezinsuku ezingu-10 egumbini elipholile.
Amajikijolo womabili izinhlobo zokuvuthwa kufanele abe omisiwe futhi ahlolwe umonakalo. Amajikijolo anjalo at lokushisa zero angagcinwa kuze kube izinyanga 1.5. Ungakwazi ukwandisa impilo yamashalofu kuze kube yizinyanga ezingu-5 uma ufaka amajikijolo okugqoka emasakeni epulasitiki.
Ukugqumugqumu - isitshalo esikulimalayo akukwenzi kube nezinkinga, futhi uyamnakekela, futhi ngisho nokunqunywa kuyomjabulisa umlimi wensimu. Kodwa ngempela uyokujabulela nge amajikijolo akhe ujusi, futhi ebusika - jam kanye compotes.
