Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi izitshalo ezingenakuqhathaniswa ezidinga ukunakekelwa njalo nokunakekelwa zinikezwa ukunakwa okukhudlwana, futhi ukuzithoba kungaphathwa kahle. Kuyinto isiko elinjalo futhi i-irga. Ngokuvamile kungabonakala endaweni ethile emaphethelweni emuva. Kodwa akubona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi i-irga isitshalo esiyingqayizivele somhlobiso, esabizwa emazweni amaningi. NgoMeyi, kuthokozisa iso ngezimbali ezinemifino enhle kakhulu, efana nezimbali ze-cherry, kanti ngo-Septhemba, i-Irga igqoka umqhele obomvu nombala ophuzi. Kulesi sihloko uzothola izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo nge-shrub irga: ukutshala nokukhathalela, ukukhiqiza, ukulima nokunye amaqiniso awusizo.
Kubalulekile! Amajikijolo ama-acid e-irgi ambalwa, ngakho angadliwa ngokuphepha ngabantu abane-acidity ephakeme.
Irga: incazelo yezitshalo
I-Irga inamagama amaningi, ngakho incazelo yayo iyathakazelisa kakhulu. E-England, le shrub ibizwa ngokuthi shadbush, okusho ukuthi "isithunzi shrub"; Juneberry - Juni berry noma serviceberry - iberry ewusizo. Igama elithi currant-tree (sinamoni) lanikezwa i-Irga ngenxa yokufana kwalo namagilebhisi amancane. ERussia, i-irgu ibizwa ngokuthi i-nursery noma i-toffee. ENyakatho Melika - saskatoon (saskatoon). Igama leProvencal yalesi sitshalo yi-amelanche, elisho ngokwezwi nezwi ukuthi "ulethe uju".
I-Irga genus ingowomndeni waseRosaceae. Ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingu-18 (ngokusho kwemithombo ethile - 25), iningi layo likhula eNyakatho Melika. I-Irga ivame ukutholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi, emithambekeni enamazolo enelanga, ngama-glades. Ezindaweni ezivulekile zaseRussia, i-irga ikhula ngokuphindaphindiwe, izwe lakubo libhekwa njengeCaucasus neCrimea. E-Ukraine, izinhlobo ezingu-10 zalesi sitshalo ziyaziwa: i-irga spiky, i-irga yaseCanada, i-irga ebomvu yegazi kanye nabanye. Ngokuvamile zikhula endle. Amasiko asakazeka ngezinyoni, ngakho-ke i-irgu ingatholakala njalo emaphethelweni ehlathi.
Lesi sitshalo asesabi isomiso nomoya, sizizwa sikhulu kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezinogwadule, ayesabi amaqhwa anamandla. Ubungqabavu buka-Irriga buchazwa ngokumane nje: izimpande zesitshalo zenza indlela yazo zibe ngamamitha amabili ejulile futhi zihlukanisa ngaphakathi kwendawo yamamitha amabili nengxenye. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-irga ayesabi umthunzi, umoya ongcolile, ayesabi izifo nezinambuzane, isiko sikhula masinyane futhi sibekezelela izihlahla. Phakathi kwesihlobo sabo, i-irga ihlala isikhathi eside - izihlahla eziningi zifinyelela eminyakeni engu-70 noma ngaphezulu. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, lesi sitshalo yisitshalo seju.
Kodwa uma ufuna i-irga ukuba ikhule esiqhingini, hhayi ukutshala nokuzilungisa kuphela kubalulekile, kodwa futhi nolwazi ngemiphumela emibi yalesi sitshalo. Bambalwa. I-spikeberry irgie ine-root growth, ngakho-ke kuyodingeka isuswe sonke isikhathi. Futhi akuyona into engathandeki ukutshala eduze kwebala lokupaka - izimoto ezinemibala ekhanyayo zingase zihlupheke ngamathanga azoshiya amajikijolo awile.
Uyazi? Izithelo ze-irgi ziyisiphuzo esihle kangangokuthi kufanele "zishaye" isivuno - izinyoni ziphuza amajikijolo avuthiwe ngejubane lokukhanyisa.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba nokukhethwa kwesayithi ngezihlahla
Lesi sitshalo asizithobeki ngokuphelele ezimweni zangaphandle. Kodwa njengoba i-irga i-berry shrub enezithelo, uyayithanda ilanga elingaqondile. Isivuno esingcono kakhulu singavuna uma i-irga itshalwa emhlabathini onesihlabathi sod-podzolic neloamy evundile.
U-Irga akesabi isithunzi nokuntuleka kobumswakama, ngakho-ke kungaba nokunikeza insimu ephepheni ngokuphepha. I-Irga itshalwe ngendlela efanayo nezinye izihlahla ezihlahla, ezifana ne-currants noma i-gooseberries. Izithombo ziyancipha emhlabathini ekwindla noma entwasahlobo 8 cm ejulile kunokuba zikhule ngaphambi. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze sikhule inani elikhulu lamahlumela ase-basal. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle futhi okuhle kakhulu ukutshala i-irgu njengenqwaba.
Indlela yokutshala irgu
Kunconywa ukutshala izitshalo ezintathu ze-irgi engadini. Ngaphansi kwe-shrub ngayinye udinga ukuthatha indawo engu-16m² yenhlabathi evundile ne-9m² ye-sandy loam. Ukuze izithombo zilungise imigodi eyi-80 cm nobubanzi obungu-40 cm. Emva kokutshala, amahlumela aphuziswa, i-humus noma i-peat ifakwa emhlabathini, kuyinto efiselekayo ukunciphisa ingxenye engaphansi kwehlathi ukufika ku-10 cm ukuze iziqu eziphuthumayo ze-4-5 zihlale zingaphezu kwenhlabathi. Mayelana nokuthi yiziphi iziqu ze-irgi, eziqhakaza ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, zizokutshela lesi sithombe.
Uyazi? I-Irga inesizotha kangangokuthi ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo zemvelo ithela izithelo ezinhle kakhulu.
Ngidinga ukuphuza i-irgu
Izitshalo irgi zithatha ngokucacile emva kokutshala futhi azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, zikhula futhi zithele izithelo. Kodwa ngokuchelela okwanele nangokujwayelekile inani lezithelo landa kakhulu. Inhlabathi emanzi ivimbela izimpande kangcono futhi ivumela shrub ukuthi ihlale iphilile futhi iqinile.
Izici zokugqoka i-irgi
Ehlobo, i-irgiu idliwe ngama-liquid mix, okuhlanganisa amanzi ne-ammonium nitrate ngezinga lika-50 g ngalinye nge-shrub noma ku-5 l kwesisombululo se-10% sezinyoni ze-bird. Kungcono ukondla isitshalo kusihlwa emva kokuphuza okunzima noma imvula.
Indlela yokusika isitshalo
Kungcono ukwakha i-irgu ngesimo se-multi-trunk esihlahleni esivela emahlumela amakhulu, futhi ukususa ababuthakathaka.
Isihlahla sokuqala se-shrub senziwa ngesikhathi sokutshala, esitshalweni esincane singasetshenziselwa ukuqubuka okungaphezu kweziyisithupha zempilo. Kusukela kubo-ke kuyahluma. Kuze kube neminyaka emithathu, wonke amahlumela kumele agcinwe, bese kungabikho okungenani kwezinguquko ezintathu zonyaka. Amagatsha anamandla anempilo aqiniseke ukuthi asindisa. Unyaka ngamunye ku-shrub kufanele kube ngamagatsha angu-15 avela ekukhuleni okuhlukene. Uma ukukhula kwabo kudlulela, ke uma sekuyiminyaka engama-4 kufanelekile ukusika izihlahla ezivuselelayo. Kodwa inqubo enjalo ingenziwa kuphela ngamahlumela asevele afinyelele eminyakeni eyishumi.
Ukwenza kube lula kuwe ukuvuna, unciphisa amagatsha ekuphakameni okufunayo. Ngemuva kokudubula, i-irga ikhula ngokuzimela.
Izici zokunakekela eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila
Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, i-rye ikhula kahle, ukulima nokunakekelwa kwenziwa ngaphandle kwemininingwane ethile. Into esemqoka edingekayo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuthi amaqabunga ahlume futhi axoshwe, wonke amagatsha akhula ngokuzulayo we-shrub adinga ukunqunywa, anciphise ukuphakama kwawo ngekota.
Ukudubula nokudala isihlahla esikhulile
Isihlahla esakhiwe kahle se-irgi sikhiqiza izikhathi eziningi izithelo ezingaphezu kwesitshalo esingakahlelwa futhi senziwe. Uma i-irgu ikhule njengomhlobiso wokuhlobisa insimu, umqhele wayo udinga "ikhanda lezinwele". Ngaphezu kwakho konke, le nqubo idinga amagatsha avuthiwe. Kubalulekile ukusika isitshalo ngokufanele ukuze ungenzi umonakalo omkhulu kunokuhle.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuvuselela i-irgu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa: ukunciphisa nokunciphisa. Lapho ukucwiliswa, imiqhele ebuthakathaka, eguga futhi ejulile yamagatsha isuswa ngokuphelele. Ukucwenga kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi sokunciphisa, kuphela iphuzu lesibhamu lisusiwe, futhi amaqabunga amaningana ahlale engaqondile. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukushintsha ukubukeka komqhele, kuba mkhulu kakhulu futhi ububanzi ngenxa yezihlumela ezincane.
Uma ufuna ukugcwalisa ukungabi nalutho phakathi komqhele, udinga ukususa ukuphunyuka, ushiye kuphela izinso ezimbi, okuqondiswa ngaphakathi kwe-shrub. Kamuva, ihlumela eliqondile lizokhula kusuka kulokhu kuqhuma. Nciphisa izikhathi eziningana: ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa kokuqala, ngesikhathi senqubo yokwenza umqhele omncane, kanye nalapho isitshalo sikhuphuka kakhulu futhi isivuno asiyona isandla.
Kubalulekile! Izithelo ze-Berry ziqukethe ama-vithamini B, i-ascorbic acid, i-anthocyanins, i-pectin ne-beta-sitosterol, okuyi-anti-cholesterol esebenzayo.Amagatsha aneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6 asuswa ngaphandle kokuzisola. Ngokushesha bazothathelwa indawo yizimpande ezinamandla. Uma i-irgi ikhulile ngenhloso yokuhlobisa, umqhele wenziwa ngesisekelo somsebenzi. Isibonelo, uma uthango lufunwa esitshalweni, amagatsha ancishiswe ngokuphakama nobubanzi.
Ukudubula i-shrub irga eyenziwa entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuvukala kwezinso noma ukuwa, lapho amaqabunga ewa.
Indlela yokusakaza kahle i-irgu
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuzalisa shadberry:
- imbewu;
- ukuxhunyelelwa;
- izinkinobho;
- ukuhlukana kwehlathi.
Cuttings
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bathanda ukukhula kwe-irga ngokusika, ngoba lokhu kudinga ulwazi nolwazi oluthile. Ukusika kusukela ekukhuleni konyaka odlule kunqunywe ekwindla, bese kugcinwa ukutshala kuze kufike entwasahlobo, embekwe esihlabathini noma emhlabathini. Ukuze isiphunzi sebenzise iminyaka emibili rowan. Lapho intwasahlobo ivuka, ama-cuttings aguguwe, izimpande zigezwa futhi iziqu zihlungwa: ngenhla kwezinso nangaphansi kwayo. Ukuphela okuphansi kwe-shadberry ye-seedling kubukhali futhi kufakwe esitokisini sokhuni. Le ndawo ifakwe ngokuqinile ngopula epulasitiki. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa, izitshalo zifakwa endaweni yokushisa kuze kube yilapho zikhula ndawonye. Izihlahla zakwa-Irgi zingasebenza njengesitokisi se-apula kanye namapheya. Lesi sitshalo sidlulisa ukusabalalisa kokuqala kwezimbali kanye nokuqina kwamaqhwa emithini yezithelo.
Izitshalo ezihlanganiswayo
NgoJuni noma ngoJulayi, ama-cuttings anqunywe eziqongweni zamahlumela ezinhlanzi ezineminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Ekude, akufanele abe ngaphezu kuka-15 cm. Kusukela ku-stalk ngayinye, susa amaqabunga aphansi, ushiye amanye angaphezulu. Amakhokheni anezigaba ezincane afakwa amahora angu-12 e-agent esebenza empande, bese izimpande zigezwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungatshala i-irgu enhlabathini ehlanzekile ku-greenhouse epholile. Benza ngokuthambekela nangendlela eqhele ngamasentimitha ama-4 ukusuka phezulu ngenhlabathi ihlanganiswe nengqimba yeshlabathi 10 cm obukhulu. Ngokufanelekile, ama-cuttings kufanele abe yi-20 cm ngaphansi kwephahleni le-greenhouse.
Ukutshala ama-cuttings, uthele kuwo ukuze amanzi aphethwe. Ukushisa ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse akufanele kudlule u-25 ° C. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile ukususa phezulu kwe-greenhouse kanye ne-cuttings emoyeni. Buka umhlabathi - kufanele ube wet. Ngemuva kokuba izithelo ziqothule, udinga ukukhipha idome lokushisa phakathi nosuku, futhi ngemva kokuqina, akufanele ubeke idome ngisho nasebusuku.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, i-cuttings izokwakhiwa uhlelo oluqinile lwempande, futhi luzolungele ukufakelwa kabusha embhede wesikhashana. Lapha kudingeka badonswe umquba ohlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1: 8, noma i-ammonium nitrate ehlakazwa ngamanzi ebhakedeni. Ukunakekela izitshalo akufani nokunakekela i-shrub omdala, futhi ukuwa okulandelayo kuthunyelwa endaweni yokuhlala unomphela.
Ukukhiqizwa ngokubeka
Kule ndlela yokukhiqiza efanelekayo amahlumela anyaka owodwa noma amagatsha e-biennial enokukhula okunamandla. Uwaphonsa entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho ilanga lishaya umhlabathi kancane. Isendlalelo esingaphansi kwezihlahla, okuzothathwa ukugoba, udinga ukumba, uthele umanyolo kanye nezinga. Ngemuva kwalokhu, yakha inhlabathi bese uqinisa izihlumela ezikhula phansi emifula. Izindwangu zidinga ukuchofoza. Lapho amaqabunga ekhula ehlumela ama-12 cm ekuphakameni, kumele abe yingxenye ehlanganiswe nama-humus. Lapho amahlumela ekhula elinye u-15 cm, inqubo kufanele iphindwe. Izendlalelo ezithathele izimpande zitshalwe ukuwa okulandelayo endaweni ehlala njalo. 
Imbewu ekhula nge-shadberry
Lokhu kungcono kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo indlela ende kunazo zonke yokukhula i-irgi. Imbewu ingathengwa noma iqoqwe ngokuzimela kusuka ezithelo ezivuthiwe. Awakomisiwe, hhayi ukuxubana nesihlabathi futhi agcinwe endaweni ebandayo (phansi, esiqandisini) ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.. Uma imbewu ilungiselelwe ngaphambilini, izokhula kangcono. Bayibeke phakathi koboya bekotini obunwe i-hydrogen peroxide bese ugoqa konke ekugobozeni epulasitiki. Gcina kulesi simo izinyanga ezingu-4.
Ngentwasahlobo, imbewu izitshalwe endaweni encane yokushisa ebangeni elingama-20 cm komunye nomunye. Amahlumela azobonakala emasontweni amabili noma amathathu. Ungahlwanyela imbewu emibhedeni elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ekwindla. Lokhu kuzokwanda irgi ensimini. Imbewu izokhula entwasahlobo.
