Ama-currants amnyama, abomvu nalabo abomhlophe yizilimo ezithandwayo kakhulu, ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zinesithakazelo ekunakekelweni kwe-currant ngemuva kwebusika. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma nge-nuances yokusika izihlahla, ukudla, ukuchelela nokucubungula kusuka ezinambuzane zalezi zitshalo, futhi futhi uhlale ekubhekeleni kokuvikela izihlahla ezivela emaqabungeni asehlobo entwasahlobo.
Izici zentwasahlobo yokusika izihlahla
Ukuhlahla izihlahla ze-currant - enye yezimo eziyinhloko ze-fruiting yayo enhle. Le nqubo ingenziwa ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuphumula kwe-bud. Esikhathini esilandelayo, basho okuningi mayelana nokusika izihlahla, okuhlinzekela ukusika izikebhe ezibandayo ngesikhathi sasebusika (kuya efihlekile enempilo), amagatsha aphukile kanye nezifo. Kodwa-ke, mayelana nezinxenye ezomile zalesi sitshalo, zinganqunywa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ngokushesha nje uma ubona. Wonke amagatsha aqoqwe, kanye namaqabunga endala, avame ukuhlaselwa kusukela ngonyaka odlule, kufanele ashiswe, ngoba kuzo zonke izinambuzane ezingaphezu kwe-inwinter, ezenziwa ngokufika kwentwasahlobo.
Kubalulekile! Ngokungafani ne-currant emnyama, kungcono ukusika umhlophe nokubomvu entwasahlobo (esimweni esibucayi - ehlobo), ngaphandle kokulibala le nqubo kuze kube sekwindla.Ukwakhiwa kwesihlahla, esimweni ngasinye esinjalo, kwenzeka ngesibonelo esifanayo, ngaphandle kokuthi iziqongo zokunyuka kwonyaka odlule akudingeki zikhonjiwe (ezingenakutsholwa ngama-black currants), futhi amahlumela amabili aneminyaka emithathu ubudala akudingeki ancishiswe. Kulula nje, uma ukhula ama-currants obomvu, ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo ngokukhipha izihlahla kuwukuthi ususe amagatsha endala (izingxenye zasemahlathini, okumele kube khona lapho kutholakala khona iminyaka eyisikhombisa noma eyisishiyagalombili ubudala), amaqanda ayanda ngokweqile kanye namagatsha aphukile, anezifo noma amaqhwa.
Amagatsha amadala, kepha namanje akhiqiza anganciphisa ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile okusemandleni okugaya, okwenza kube lula ukukhula kwamacembe, ukukhulisa ubukhulu bamajikijolo kanye nempilo yokuhamba kwamahlathi. Isihlahla esakhiwe kahle kufanele sibe namagatsha angu-20-25, kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-8 ubudala.Ukunisela nokunakekela inhlabathi entwasahlobo
Ukuphendula umbuzo "Indlela yokunakekela ama-currants?" asikwazi ukungazinaki isihloko sokunisela, okuyinto, kanye nokulimala kudlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni isivuno esihle sama currants. Okokuqala, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi kokubili i-currant emnyama nebomvu neyomhlophe yimizi enomswakama onothando, okungenxa yezici zazo eziphilayo. Ukuntuleka kobumswakama kwezitshalo kubangela ukulimala kokukhula, ukugaya amajikijolo kanye nokukhipha okulandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo ezomile ngesikhathi sokuvuna zivame ukuholela ekuqhumeni ebusika. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuchelela ngezikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo: ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ukwakheka kwama-ovari, ukuthungwa kwamanzi kanye nokuvuna ngemuva kokuvuna, okungukuthi, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo.
Isikhathi sokuqala i-currant ithuliswa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala, ngesilinganiso sama-5-6 amalitha kagesi ehlathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuphumelelayo kakhulu kubhekwa njengamanzi angaphansi komhlaba futhi kuncipha ukuchelela, okuvumela ukuba usebenzise uketshezi ngqo ohlelweni lwezisitshalo zezitshalo. Phakathi nonyaka owodwa okhulayo, i-currants idinga kusuka kwamanzi amathathu kuya ku-5. Futhi, inqubo efanayo iyenziwa ngokujova uketshezi emigqumeni eyakhiwe ngaphambilini noma emifungwini, 10-15 cm ejulile. Yenziwe nxazonke ezihlahleni, kude no-30-40 cm kuyo.
Ungakhohlwa ngezindlela zokulondoloza umswakama emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo yamakhanda amnyama, abomvu noma amhlophe ahlinzekela ukukhipha, ukuxubha inhlabathi nokuyihlanza emanzini. Umvuthwandaba omuhle wokukhipha inhlabathi ezungezile ezihlahleni kubhekwa kanye njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili, kuyilapho ugweme ukwakheka kwamagundane kanye nokhula, njengoba kumile phansi.
Uhlelo lwempande olusebenzayo lwe-currant lubekwe ezindaweni ezingaphezulu ezivulekile nezingokomzimba, ngakho-ke, ukuze zingalimazi izimpande, inhlabathi eduze kwehlathi ikhululiwe ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokuhamba ngaphezu kuka-6-8 cm. Kusukela ehlathini ibanga elide, kungenzeka ukukhulula noma i-perekopka phakathi kwehlathi ukujula kufikela ku-12 cm.
Umswakama uzogcinwa kahle uma inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla ihlanganiswa nezinto eziphilayo. (peat, utshani, peat umquba). Kulesi simo, kungakhululeka kakhulu.
Muva nje, izinto zokwakha ziye zanda ukusetshenziselwa ama-curching bush: i-black opaque ifilimu, isikhumba, izinto zokuphahla, iphepha lokuvikela izitshalo, njll. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uyenze ngaphandle kokukhululeka kulo lonke ihlobo, kodwa uma kufika ekwindla, kungcono ukususa indawo yokukhosela, okuzokwenza ngcono ukushintshaniswa kwe-air emhlabathini, ukusebenzisa iziqu ezidingekayo, noma wenze noma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi.
Uyazi? I-currant itholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica ne-Australia, futhi ngesimo sayo sasendle, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-150 zalesi sitshalo..
Ukwelashwa kwe-Currant entwasahlobo kusuka ezilolini nezifo
Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo, izihlahla ezihlongozwayo zihlushwa izifo ezihlukahlukene nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane, ngenxa yokuthi kunzima kakhulu ukunakekela ama-currants, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo. Inkathazo eyingozi kunazo zonke i-currant bud mite, lapho kubonakala khona amafihledi amakhulu, okubukeka njengama-cabbages amancane. Lapho kufika entwasahlobo, abavele bengakwazi ukuvula, yingakho bafa kancane kancane, okuthinta ubuningi besitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ngezinso elilodwa kungenzeka kube kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezinenkathazo futhi, lapho bephuma endaweni yabo yokuhlala, bahlala ngokushesha endaweni, ngalokho okusizwa yizinyoni noma umoya. 
Uma isihlahla singenawo amahlumela amaningi aphethwe, khona-ke singakwazi ukukhishwa futhi sishiswe, kodwa uma izindawo ezithintekayo zikhulu kakhulu, isihlahla esinjalo se-currant sisusiwe ngokuphelele.
Lapho unakekela ama-currants amnyama entwasahlobo, akuvamile ukusebenzisa ama-chemical agents ekulwa nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, kubalulekile ukunamathela ngokuqinile emigomo yokunciphisa, njengoba isikhathi sokukhula sesitshalo siqala ekuqaleni, futhi izinguquko zenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu. Ukuqeda i-bud mite ekhonzwe ngenhla, izihlahla ze-currant nomhlabathi ngaphansi kwazo zingasetshenziswa nge-solution ye-Chlorofos noma ingxube ye-sulfur colloidal ne-Karbofos, ngesilinganiso sama-100 no-20 g ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi. Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ngalezi zilungiselela kufanele futhi kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba ihlumela likhule, ngoba kungenjalo kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukukhipha umklomelo.
Uma sikhuluma nge-powdery isikhutha, i-Fundazol (i-15 ml yesidakamizwa ihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi) noma i-sulfate yethusi (100 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi) izosiza ukuyiqeda; ngaphezu kwalokho, akudingeki nje ukuba uchithe izihlahla, kodwa futhi ukuphuza imibhede, lapho i-currant bushs ikhula khona.
Eziqongweni zamahlumela, amaqabunga avame ukulimaza ama-aphid, ngenxa yokuthi amaqabunga amaqabunga aphihliza futhi agcobe. Uma kungekho sinyathelo esithathwe, sizobhubhisa ngokuphelele isihlahla. Ukuba khona kwezinambuzane kunqunywa ukubonakala kwezintuthwane eziningi ezondla imfihlo yayo.
Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza amaqabunga esihlahleni, udinga ukucubungula i-currant ne-Furanon noma umane uhlakaze isitshalo ngamanzi abilayo. Uma kwenzeka usuvele ushiya amagatsha, kodwa ama-inflorescences awakabonakali, i- "Intavir", "Rovi-Chicken", "Tanrek", ingxube ye-Bordeaux noma isisombululo se-copper vitriol, esekelwe ku-100 g yezidakamizwa, izosebenza kahle ukulwa nale nkinga. 10 amalitha amanzi. Futhi usizo oluhle "Karbofos."
Ngokuvamile ukunakekela ama-currants entwasahlobo (ikakhulukazi ezweni), kuhambisana nokuphathwa kwezitshalo kusuka i-anthracnose - i-fungal parasite, ebonakala amabala amancane emaqabunga esihlahla. Inqubo iqala ngamagatsha aphansi futhi kancane kancane ihamba phambili. Njengamanye amacala angaphambilini, kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba amahlamvu okuqala avele, noma kunjalo, uma ubona amaqabunga amaqabunga abathintekile, 
Ungazama ukuwaphatha ngesisombululo somlotha, i-Bordeaux ingxube noma isisombululo se-3% sensimbi sulphate (300 g ngalinye ngamanzi ayi-10 l). Ngokuvamile, lezi zakhiwo zisazosiza ekubhekaneni nale nkinga, ukupuniza kuphela okusemandleni okwenziwe kusihlwa, ukuphinda ukwelashwa ngemuva kwesigamu sehora.
Uyazi? ERussia, ama-currants asebe yisitshalo samazwe kazwelonke, futhi izinhlobo nezinhlobo zawo eziningi zingatholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe.
Indlela yokutshala ama-currants entwasahlobo, isitshalo sokudla
Ukunakekela i-currant spring, kunikeza ukudla okunomsoco, kepha ngokuvamile lokhu kwenziwa ngenqubo yesibili noma yesithathu emva kokutshala izihlahla. Kodwa-ke, uma izitshalo zakho ziphoqeleka ukuba zikhona emhlabathini ocebile, khona-ke umanyolo usetshenziswe emgodini wokutshala uma ukutshala izithombo kungenzeki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuzona zonke izithombo zomnyama eziqinile futhi ziphilile ngokuphelele, okusho ukuthi ukuzondla kuzoba yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni kwentwasahlobo.
Izihlahla eziluhlaza eziluhlaza zihlale ziphikisana nesizinda sezihlobo zabo ezilubala nezibuthakathaka, ngakho-ke kuyoba lula kuwe ukukhomba ama-currants adinga inombolo enkulu yezici ezilandelanayo eziwusizo. Ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, umquba we-nitrogen oqukethe isitshalo sezitshalo, ngoba zifaka isandla ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni okungcono emva kwesikhathi sasebusika.
Ukugqoka izimpande zokuqala kungenziwa ngokushesha emva kokuphuza amaqabunga emagatsheni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-30 g ye-ammonium nitrate kumele ihlanjululwe ebhakedeni lamanzi iphinde ithulule ikomidi elitholakala ngaphansi kwesihlahla (ibhakede eliyishumi elilodwa lokudla okwenziwe ngomumo liyadingeka esihlahleni esisodwa). Ukukhulelwa okuphindaphindiwe kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa kwezihlahla ze-currant namajikijolo aboshwe kubo. Kulokhu, ama-fertilizer amaminerali afakwa enhlabathini, aqukethe i-phosphorus ne-potassium (kodwa hhayi i-chloride), nakuba ungasebenzisa futhi indaba ephilayo elungiselelwe yedwa njengenye yezakhi zamaminerali. Ama-ash kanye nama-fertilizer anamanzi aphelele kule ndima.
Abanye abalimi abanolwazi bavame ukusebenzisa ukudla okunamafutha. Isibonelo, uma i-currant yezimbali, unganciphisa u-0.5 tsp we-boric acid ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi afudumele (kufika ku-40 ° C) uphinde ufeze izihlahla ngokubunjwa okubangelwayo. Le ukwelashwa kuzokwandisa izinga lokukhula kwamahlumela futhi kwandiswe isivuno ngezikhathi ezingu-2-3. Futhi, ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo ka-spring, ngesikhathi sokuvela kwama-ovari wokuqala, ngokuvamile balungiselela ingxube ye-urea engu-60 g, i-150 g ye-superphosphate nama-10 amalitha amanzi, abuye ahlanjululwe ngethusi. Amahlumela abe namandla kakhulu, futhi ukuthanda amajikijolo esizayo kuthuthukiswa kakhulu.
Indlela yokuvikela ama-currants kusuka ku-frost
Ezindaweni eziphakathi, lapho sinawe, ukuchitha ama-ovari ama-currant kungabizwa ngokuthi kuvamile, ngoba naphezu kwezimbali eziningi zesitshalo, ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-10-15 ngemva kokuqedwa kwawo cishe wonke ama-ovari angase abe ngaphansi kwe-shrub. Isizathu esivamile kunazo zonke sezinto ezenzekayo sitholakala emaqabunga (ama-matinees), okuyinto, ngisho nangenyanga ka-Ephreli, enzima ukunakekelwa kwe-currants. Ezindaweni zethu zezulu, ziphela kuphela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, kodwa azihlanganisiwe kuze kube okweshumi kaJuni (okungukuthi, zingakwazi ukuwa phansi ekupheleni kwezimbali ze-currant nangesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwama-ovari).
Ukuze uvikele amahlumela kusuka ku-frost sebenzisa intuthu futhi uphefa. Esikhathini sokuqala, ngoba inqubo udinga amagatsha okusajingijolo anqunyiwe namaqabunga e-strawberry, nakuba iziqongo zonyaka odlule zamazambane, umquba womquba namanqamu nakho kufanelekile. Izinto ezilungiselelwe zihlanganiswe izinqwaba, ubude nobubanzi okumele bufinyelele kumamitha angu-0.8, nokuphakama - 0.7 amamitha. Bafakwa emgqeni owodwa kude kwamamitha angu-3-4 ukusuka komunye nomunye, futhi kusukela eceleni kwesigaba esivela ekuseni , emoyeni ongenamoya uyohudula.
Kubalulekile! Umusi uqala ngokushesha lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lihlalela ku- -1 ° C bese liphela ihora ngemva kokuba lifike ku-zero, noma likhuphuke nakakhulu.Enye indlela enhle yokuvikela izitshalo zezimbali ze-currant ezivela efrijini ukuwafiphala ngamanzi ashisayo, futhi uma kukhona ingozi yeqhwa elibi, inqubo yenziwa izikhathi eziningana (okungcono 5-6). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunesidingo sokunisela kakhulu izihlahla, kodwa futhi nomhlabathi ngaphansi kwazo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukupunika kokuqala kwenziwa ngakunye ekuseni, okwesibili - ngokuqala kokuqhwaza, kanti okwesithathu ngehora elifanayo ngemuva kwesibili, njll. Ngisho noma nje uhambisa umhlabathi ngamanzi ashisayo - lokhu kuzokwehlisa umthelela omubi weqhwa esitshalweni.
Ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zama-frosts asekupheleni kwesikhathi, isimo sezulu sinethonya elikhulu ekuvundeni kwamajikijolo e-currant. Isibonelo, ezimweni ezibandayo nezomoya, lapho kuqhuma izimbali, inzima yezinambuzane kunzima kakhulu, okusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo ngeke sibe nempova. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho isimo sezulu sesishisa futhi somile kakhulu, ama-stigmas we-pistils ayomile, kanti isikhathi sokuvota imbali yezimbali sinciphise kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukudala ngokwezimo izimo ezihle zendawo yokuvota imifino evamile: ukutshala izitshalo kuphela ezindaweni ezivikelwe, ukhethe izinhlobo ngokuhambisana nesifunda sezulu, uvuse umoya nomhlabathi eshisayo, kanye nezinyosi ezizaliswayo.
Ezinye izakhamuzi zasehlobo zibheka ukuthi i-currants ingaba isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, kodwa ukuzinakekela entwasahlobo kungakhulisa imibuzo ethile, lapho uphendula ukuthi yiziphi izeluleko eziwusizo ezivela kubalimi abanolwazi. Ulwazi olwanele kuphela nokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izincomo ezingenhla, uzokwazi ukuthola isivuno esihle kakhulu samajikijolo amahle kakhulu.
