Noma ubani okhulisa imifino noma izitshalo ze-horticultural esiqhingini sakhe uyaqonda ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukutshala isivuno esivulekile ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo we-nitrogen.
I-nitrogen - Lokhu kuyisakhi esibalulekile kunawo wonke kuzo zonke izitshalo, okudingekayo ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezithombo entwasahlobo, kanye nokwandisa ukhuni olunzima.
Ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, izitshalo zibuthakathaka, zikhula kancane futhi zigula njalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanyolo we-nitrogen aqukethe indlela elula, esheshayo futhi ephumelelayo kakhulu yokugcwalisa ukuntuleka kwalesi sici. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizocabangela ukuthi yiziphi i-nitrogen fertilizer, yiziphi ukungafani kwazo, kanye nezinzuzo eziyinhloko nokungahambi kokusetshenziswa kwazo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamaminerali e-nitrogen kwezolimo
Ngokwezigaba zihlukanisa nitrate nitrogen umquba (i-nitrate), i-ammonium ne-amide (urea). Zonke zinempahla nezici ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa emhlabathini ohlukile.
Enye yezinhlobo zamanyolo anjalo yi-nitrate (usawoti we-nitric acid), okungaba yi-sodium, i-calcium ne-ammonium. I-ammonium nitrate iqukethe isigamu se-nitrogen ku-nitrate, isigamu samafomu e-ammonium futhi iyisimiso semvelo.
Umncintiswano oyinhloko we-ammonium nitrate yi-urea, equkethe cishe i-nitrogen engaba kabili. Ngaphambi kokwenza okuthandayo kumanyolo owodwa we-nitrogen, zama ukuthola ukuthi ungcono - urea noma i-ammonium nitrate.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate, noma i-ammonium nitrate - umanyolo wamaminerali ngesimo segranules elimhlophe elikhanyayo noma amakristalu angenasici.
Okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen kuxhomeke kuhlobo lomanyolo kanye nemigqa kusuka ku-26% kuya kuma-35%.
Ngokusekelwe kwendawo yezulu kanye nenhlabathi, izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ammonium nitrate zisetshenziswa.
- I-saltpeter elula. Umanyolo ovame kakhulu ohlinzeka ngokudla okunomsoco ezitshalweni futhi usetshenziselwa zonke izitshalo ezihlwanyelwe ezindaweni eziphakathi.
- Maka "B". Isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekukhuliseni izithombo nezimbali lapho ikhulile endlini endlini ebusika.
- Ammonium potassium nitrate. Isetshenziselwa ukondla izihlahla zezitshalo nezitshalo entwasahlobo, kanye nalapho ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile.
- I-magnesium nitrate. It isetshenziselwa nitrogen fertilizer imifino kanye izithombo. Ikhuthaza ukukhula kwesisindo esinzima kakhulu futhi kusebenze inqubo ye-photosynthesis. Ngenxa yobukhona be-magnesium, lo umanyolo ufanelwe kahle nenhlabathi ekhanyayo ne-sandy.
- I-calcium ammonium nitrate. Umanyolo onomphumela oyinkimbinkimbi, uthinta kahle izitshalo, awuthinti inhlabathi ye-acidity, iqukethe i-nitrogen engama-27%, i-4% ye-calcium, i-magnesium engu-2%.
- I-calcium nitrate. Okufanele kakhulu umhlabathi we-turf.
Ngokuvamile bonke abalimi bayazi ukuthi i-ammonium nitrate injengomanyolo futhi yimiphi imithetho yokusetshenziswa kwayo ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme umthelela omubi kumuntu. Izinga lokufaka isicelo kwanoma yikuphi umanyolo kunqunywe emiyalweni emaphaketheni ayo, azikwazi ukudluliselwa kunoma yikuphi.
I-ammonium nitrate ifakwe emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokumba ingadini ngokulungiselela ukutshala. Uma utshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, ungasetshenziswa njengendlela yokugqoka phezulu. Uma izwe lingenalo kakhulu futhi liphelile, umthamo ophakanyisiwe we-saltpeter ungama-50 g ngehora elilodwa lesikwele. m. Enhlabathini enhle, evundile - cishe ngo-20-30 g ngehora elilodwa. m
Uma utshala izithombo endaweni evulekile njengendlela yokugqoka ephezulu 1 tbsp. izinkezo ze-seedling ngayinye. Ukukhula kwezitshalo, yenza ukudla okungaphezulu kwamaviki amathathu emva kokuhluma. Ukwenza lokhu, 1 isikhathi ngasinye sonyaka, izimbobo ezingenalutho zenziwa endaweni, lapho i-ammonium nitrate isetshenziswa khona ku-6-8 g kumitha eyodwa yesigcawu. imitha yenhlabathi.
Imifino (utamatisi, ukhukhamba, njll) zidla uma zihlwanyela noma ngesonto emva kokufakelwa kabusha. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-ammonium nitrate njengomanyolo, izitshalo zikhula zikhule futhi zikhulise umthamo we-foliar. Ukugqoka okulandelayo kwalokhu kufaka umanyolo kwenziwa cishe ngesonto ngaphambi kokusila.
Kubalulekile! Ama-nitrogen umquba akufanele asetshenziswe ngenkathi kwenziwa isithelo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-urea emsebenzini wokulima
I-urea, noma i-carbamide - umanyolo ngendlela ye-crystalline granules enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen (46%). Lokhu kuyigqoka ngendlela ephumelelayo, ngezinzuzo zayo kanye nokuziqhenya.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-urea ne-ammonium nitrate ukuthi i-urea iqukethe i-nitrogen kabili kakhulu.
Izakhi zokudla okunomsoco we-1 kg we-urea zilingana no-3 kg we-nitrate. I-nitrojeni ekubunjweni kwe-urea, kalula i-soluble emanzini, kuyilapho izakhi zingahambi emhlabathini ongaphansi.
I-Urea inconywa ukuba isetshenziswe njengesondlo se-foliar, ngoba uma umthamo ubonakala, ubonisa kahle futhi awushise amaqabunga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lo manyolo ungasetshenziswa ngenkathi ekhulayo yezitshalo, kufanelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo nemigomo yesicelo.
- Ukudla okuyisisekelo (ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela). Amakristalu e-Urea kudingeka ajule 4-5 cm emhlabathini, njengoba i-ammonia iqhuma ngaphandle. Emazweni anisele, umanyolo usetshenziswa ngaphambi kokunisela. Kulesi simo, umthamo we-urea ngamamitha ayizi-square ezingu-100. M kufanele ibe ngu-1.3 kuya ku-2 kg.
Kubalulekile! I-Urea kumele isetshenziswe enhlabathini izinsuku ezingu-10-15 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ukuze i-biuret eyingozi eyakhiwe ngesikhathi se-granulation ye-urea, inesikhathi sokuqothula. Ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-biuret (ngaphezu kuka-3%), izitshalo zizofa.
- Ukuhlwanyela ukugqoka (ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela). Kunconywa ukuba kusetshenziswe kanye nama-fertilizer e-potash ukuze unikeze okuthiwa ungqimba phakathi kwama-fertilizer kanye nembewu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusabalalisa okufanayo kwe-potassium fertilizer nge-urea kusiza ukuqeda imiphumela emibi urea ekwazi ukuyenza ngenxa yobuningi be-biuret. Umthamo we-urea uma udla ngamamitha ayi-square ayi-square. m kufanele kube ngu-35-65 g.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Foliar. Yenziwa ngeprafu ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Isixazululo se-urea (5%) asishisi amaqabunga, ngokungafani ne-ammonium nitrate. Isilinganiso sokudla kwamaphilisi ngamamitha ayizikwele eziyikhulu. m - 50-100 g we-urea ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.
I-Urea inconywa ukuba isetshenziswe emhlabathini ohlukahlukene wokutshala izimbali, izitshalo nezitshalo zeberry, imifino kanye nezitshalo ezimpande.
Uyazi? I-Urea ingasetshenziswa ekulwa nezilwanyana ezinambuzane zezihlahla zezithelo. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingekho ngezansi +5 °C, kepha amaqabunga emithini angakaqali, umqhele uchithelwa ngesisombululo se-urea (50-70 g ngalinye 1 litre lamanzi). Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuqeda izinambuzane ezihlala zihlala phansi. Ungadluli umthamo we-urea uma uphefaza, ungashisa amaqabunga.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-urea ne-ammonium nitrate, futhi yini engcono
I-ammonium nitrate ne-urea yizo zombili umanyolo we-nitrogen, kodwa kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo. Okokuqala, banephesenti ehlukile ye-nitrogen ekubunjweni: I-nitrogen engu-46% e-urea ngokulinganiselwa ku-35% ku-nitre.
I-Urea ingasetshenziswa nje kuphela njengesondlo esikhulu, kodwa futhi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo, kuyilapho i-ammonium nitrate isetshenziswa kuphela emhlabathini.
I-Urea, ngokungafani ne-ammonium nitrate, ingumanyolo omnene kakhulu. Kodwa umehluko omkhulu yilokho i-saltpeter ngokuyisisekelo - iyinhlanganisela yamamineralifuthi urea - eziphilayo.
Ngosizo lwesistimu yezimpande, lesi sitshalo sondla kuphela ngama-mineral compounds, nangamaqabunga kokubili amaminerali kanye nama-organic, kodwa angaphansi kwezihlahla eziphilayo. I-Urea kumele ihambe isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqala isinyathelo esisebenzayo, kodwa sigcina umphumela wayo wokudla okunomsoco.
Nokho, lokhu akuwona wonke umehluko phakathi kwe-urea ne-ammonium nitrate. I-ammonium nitrate ithinta i-acidity yenhlabathi, ngokungafani ne-urea. Ngakho-ke, ukuze isetshenziswe enhlabathini enomsoco, kanye nezitshalo nezimbali ezingakubekezeli ukwanda kwe-asidi, urea iphumelela kakhulu.
Ngenxa yezinhlobo ezimbili ze-nitrogen ku-ammonium nitrate-ammonia ne-nitrate, ukusebenza kahle kokudla emhlabathini ohlukene kuyanda. I-ammonium nitrate iqhuma kakhulu futhi idinga izimo ezikhethekile zokugcina nokuhamba. I-Urea izwela kuphela kumswakama okweqile.
Izinzuzo nezinkinga zokusebenzisa i-ammonium nitrate ezweni
Phakathi kwezinzuzo ze-ammonium nitrate yizinto ezilandelayo.
Ngokomnotho, i-saltpeter inenzuzo kakhulu engadini yemifino, yilapho isitshalo esishibhile, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungu-1 kg ngamamitha ayizi-square eziyikhulu. amamitha I-ammonium nitrate ingasetshenziswa kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesici esisodwa esibalulekile - ama-granules ayo ashisa iqhwa, elivumela ukuhlwanyela umanyolo phezu kweqhwa ngaphandle kokwesaba i-ice crust noma isembozo seqhwa elikhulu.
Enye ikhwalithi enhle ye-saltpeter - ikhono lokusebenza enhlabathini ebandayo. Amagilebhisi, izihlahla, imifino ehlala isikhathi eside kanye nezihlahla zihlwanyelwa i-ammonium nitrate ngisho nangaphezulu kwenhlabathi efriziwe, egcwele i-rake. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi, nakuba "ilele", isivele ibona indlala ye-nitrogen. Umanyolo we-Organic enhlabathini efriziwe awukwazi ukubhekana nalokhu, njengoba beqala ukwenza lapho inhlabathi ivuselela ngokwanele. Kodwa i-nitrate isebenza kahle ezimweni ezinjalo.
Naphezu kokuhambisana nokusebenza kahle kwe-ammonium nitrate, lo umanyolo unamahlangothi angalungile, isibonelo, wona contraindicated ngenhlabathi ye-asidi. I-Saltpeter kumele ibekwe ngokucophelela phakathi kwemigqa ukuze i-ammonia ekhishwe ingalimazi izithombo.
Muva nje, kuye kwaba nzima ukuthenga i-ammonium nitrate, ngenxa yokuqhuma kwayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngabalimi abathengisa umanyolo ngobuningi - okungaphezu kuka-100 kg. Leli qiniso, kanye nobunzima bokuthutha kanye nokugcina isitoreji kwenza uketshezi olunamanzi alusezingeni eliphansi futhi luyinkinga kakhulu kumgadi wensimu.
Izinzuzo nokuqeda ukusetshenziswa kwe-urea
Cabanga manje zonke izinzuzo nezingozi ze-urea. Phakathi kwamagugu kungenzeka ukuba kugcizelele ukuthi i-urea nitrogen iyashesha kalula futhi ixhaswe ngamasiko. Isizathu esilandelayo yikhono lokufeza ukudla okunomsoco, Lona kuphela umanyolo ongeke ubangele ukushisa kwesitshalo.
I-Urea iyasebenza kakhulu kuyo yonke inhlabathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-acidic noma ilula, engakwazi ukusho nge-ammonium nitrate. I-Urea ibonisa ukusebenza kahle emhlabathini owomileyo. Ukungaqiniseki ukuthi i-urea ingenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene: foliar futhi basal futhi ngezikhathi ezahlukene.
Izinkinga ze-carbamide zihlanganisa iqiniso lokuthi lidinga isikhathi esiningi ukuqala isenzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akufanelekile ukuqedwa ngokushesha kwezimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen ezitshalweni.
Futhi, i-carbamide iyabuzwa nezimo zokugcina (isaba umswakama). Nokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nobunzima bokugcinwa kwe-ammonium nitrate, irea uletha izinkinga ezincane.
Uma imbewu ihlangana nokuhlushwa okuphezulu, kunengozi yokunciphisa ukuhluma kwesithombo. Kodwa konke kuxhomeke ohlelweni lwempande zezitshalo. Nge-rhizome eqhutshiwe, umonakalo awubalulekile, futhi lapho kukhona impande eyodwa kuphela yezimpande, njenge-beet, isitshalo sifile ngokuphelele. I-Urea ayisebenzi emhlabathini obandayo, obandayo, ngakho-ke awuphumelelanga ukuqala kokukhuphuka kwentwasahlobo.
Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuhlaziya izinzuzo nezenzalo, khetha ukuthi yini engcono yokudla entwasahlobo - i-ammonium nitrate noma i-urea, kufanele isekelwe emigomweni. Konke kuxhomeke kulokho umgomo owuphishekela uma uhlela ukusebenzisa umanyolo: ukusheshisa ukukhula kwesitshalo kanye nobunzima obunzima noma ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nobukhulu bezithelo. Ukuze ukuphoqelelwa okusheshayo kokuhlwanyela ukukhula, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-ammonium nitrate, nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nobukhulu bezithelo - urea.
