Kungani kubalulekile ukuba umlimi azi ukuthi isifo sinjani ezinyoni? Ngoba izinkukhu zasekhaya zijwayele lesi sifo esithathelwanayo.
Ukutheleleka kusakazeka ngokushesha kusuka enyoni egulayo kuya enempilo, futhi lokhu kungenzeka ngezinhloso zokunakekelwa, ukondla izitsha, amashalofu, kanye nokuvela komunye nomunye. Ngenxa yalokho - ukufa komhlambi wonke.
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokuningiliziwe ngokuthi yikuphi ukushaywa kwezinkukhu, ngubani oyisifo se-causative kanye nomthwali wesifo, kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwayo, indlela yokuphatha nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezithathayo.
Yini izinkukhu ezihluphayo?
Isifo sezinyoni yisifo esinamandla esithathelwanayo sezinkukhu, sihambisana ne-edema yezincubu ezingaphansi kwekhanda, intamo nesifuba.
Ukushaywa yizinyoni ezinhlobonhlobo kunezinhlobo ezimbili: eziyingqayizivele kanye ne-atypical..
Isifo esiyingqayizivele, i-causative agent yamagxolo yi-ultravirus, idluliselwa emanzini (umfutho, umchamo), amanzi asemzimbeni, igazi, izitho namaqanda nezimpaphe zezinyoni ezigulayo.
Atypical
Ngokwemitholampilo nangokwemvelo, lesi sifo sinezindlela eziningi ezifana nesifo sezinyoni zakudala.
Isikhathi sokukhushulwa sisuka ezinsukwini ezingu-4 kuya kwezingu-25. Lesi sifo asihambanga ngokucacile izinsuku ezingu-4 kuya kwezingu-8. Emazweni ahlukene ashiwo ngaphansi kwemibandela ehlukene. E-CIS, yilethwa yibutho lempi laseJalimane phakathi neMpi Yezwe II futhi yatholwa kuqala ensimini yomsebenzi waseJalimane.
Izimpawu kanye nezindlela zama-atypical
Uma ukutheleleka kwenzeka epulazini, izinkukhu nabantu abasha baqala ukugula. Kunzima ukuphefumula, ukwanda kwamandla emoyeni, ngezinye izikhathi "ukucabangela", ukuxubana, ukukhubazeka kwamalungu. I-Edema ayikho. Izinguquko ze-pathological zifana naleso simo se-classical plague, kuphela i-edema engekho.
Izinyathelo zokulwa, ukuvimbela isifo se-atypical zifana nesifo se-classical (ngaphezulu kwalokhu kamuva kulesi sihloko). Ukwengeza, zonke izinyoni ezitholakala enkingeni endaweni esongelwayo nge-formol-hydroxide umgomo wokugoma ngokushesha. Zonke izenzo zenziwa ngokuhambisana nomthetho weMnyango Wezilwane weMnyango Wezolimo we-Russian Federation.
Ama-pathogens kanye nabathwali besifo
I-agent ye causative i-ultravirus, ehlwanyelwe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-chicken embryo. Izidumbu zingenwa igciwane, kodwa zingasetshenziswa njengabathwali bayo.
I-carrier enkulu yizinyoni ezigulayo. Ukudlulisa ukutheleleka kusuka ezindlini zezinkukhu ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculazi nasezikhungweni ezihluphekile zibe ziphilile ngokusebenzisa ezokuthutha, ezinqunu, njll. Ngokuyinhloko, izinkukhu, ama-turkeys, izinyoni ezincane kakhulu - izinyoni, amaphiko, amaqabunga kakhulu.
Amadada, amahansi kanye namajuba anesifo esincane kakhulu, kodwa izinhlobo zezilwandle, uma zivezwe ezinyoni ezigulayo, zingaba yiziphathimandla zegciwane. Ukudluliswa kwegciwane ngokuqondile kubonakala ngesikhumba esithintekile kanye nezibungu ezinomuthi.
Izimpawu nezimpawu
Izimpawu zalesi sifo zenzeka emva kwesikhathi sokugxila lapho i-pathogen isakaze emzimbeni wenyoni.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo:
- isimo sokucindezeleka;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso;
- ubuthakathaka;
- ukulala;
- ukuphazamiseka okungazelelwe.
Inyoni egulayo ihamba kancane, ihlala endaweni eyodwa, ikhanda layo namaphiko phansi, izimpaphe ziyiziphazamiso, amajwabu amehlo avuvukile, kukhona ukuthungwa okwandisiwe.
Ukushisa kuphakama ku 43-44 °. Ama-scallop aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namacici azayo; ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba kanye nezicubu ze-epithelial ekhanda, amehlo, intamo nesifuba. Kukhona ukuphuma kwe-mucus emakhaleni nasezintwini, izihlalo ezivulekile kanye nokuhuda. Inyoni ishaya, ukuphefumula kuphuthumayo futhi kunzima, futhi i-membrane yamangcwaba yomsindo womlomo ingahlanganiswa nokubunjwa okumangalisayo. Kwezinye izimo kukhona ukunyakaza ukuhamba, ukuxubana.
Isikhathi sokukhushulwa sisuka ezinsukwini ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-5. Ubude besikhathi sokugula kusuka emahoreni amaningana kuya kwesonto.
Izinguquko zesifo
Ezinyoni ezithathelwanayo, ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwendwangu yesikhumba esingaphansi kwesigceme kubonakala. I-Cyanosis-njenge-lesion ye-scallop namacici, ukuphuma emathunjini nasesiswini nasesifundeni se-pericardial, ngezinye izikhathi i-edema ye-pulmonary nokuvuvukala, emgodini, emgqonyeni wamangqamuzana we-tracheal tube kanye ne-bronchi ye-hemorrhage noma hyperthermia; i-thyroid gland kanye ne-thymus gland yanda futhi yavutha.
Ekuqhumeni izinkukhu, i-hyperemia kanye nokungena kwe-vascular membrane ye-yolk, okuholela ekuqotheni kwefilimu. Okuqukethwe kungena esiswini senkukhu futhi kubangele i-peritonitis. Isibindi sishaywe futhi sikhulisiwe. Iphutha likhulisiwe. Izinso ziyavuvukala phansi. On the membrane mucous of the oophagus amahemorrhages wendawo.
Ukuhlonza
Isiphetho sokutheleleka ngesifo futhi ukuqinisekiswa kokutholakala kwegazi kungenziwa kuphela emva kokuhlaziywa kwelabhoratri.
Ngokusekelwe:
- Amasampula amabi amacilisioscopic nezifundo ze-bacteriological.
- Ayikho i-pathogenicity yempahla yezilwane ezincelisayo.
- Ukusabalala kokutheleleka phakathi kwezinkukhu (ikakhulukazi abasha).
- Ukwelashwa kwezihlungi ze-trophic zegazi nezitho.
Endabeni yokwehlukaniswa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngokuqondile ukuthelela inyoni, eyayigonywe.
Uma ukuhlonza ukuhlukana, izici zohlu lwe-epizootic, izimpawu zokwelapha kanye nezifo zokukhathazeka ziyisizathu sokusola isifo, kuyadingeka ukuba uqinisekise ngokushesha ukuthi ukuxilongwa. Umphumela omubi wocwaningo lwe-bactericidal, kanye nokutheleleka kwamadada kanye onogwaja ngemiphumela emihle yokutheleleka kwezinkukhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kutholakale lesi sifo.
Izindlela zokulwa nokusabalala kwesifo
Uma kutholakala inhlupho, kuyadingeka ukuvala izinyoni kule ndawo ngokushesha, ususe yonke imishini yokusebenza enyangeni yenkukhu, ubeke ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo epulazini legciwane lesandulela ngculazi kanye nendawo okutholakala kuyo.
Izinyoni ezigulayo kufanele zibulawe futhi zishiswe, izinyoni ezibulala lesi sifo - zivutha nje, izinyoni ezisolakala ukuthi zinegciwane zingenwa inyama, ezingasetshenziswa kuphela ngaphakathi epulazini futhi zingaphathwa ukwelashwa imizuzu engama-20 futhi ekushiseni kwama-100 °.
Ukubulawa kwezinyoni okusolakala ukuthi kufanele ukutheleleka kufanele kwenziwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile. I-slaughterhouse, izindlu zezinkukhu ezithathelwanayo, izindawo zokuhamba epulazini, izindawo zokuhamba, wonke amathuluzi namadivaysi aphethwe ukungena ekushoneni ngokushesha ngesisombululo se-10% se-lime chloride, isixazululo se-3% se-formaldehyde, isisombululo se-alkaliine esingu-4, isisombululo se-20% se-liquidrate.
Ngaphambi kwenqubo yokungahlanjululwa kwezindawo zokuhamba, utshani kufanele buguqulwe futhi bushiswe, bungakhiwe nge-disinfected ngesisombululo se-20% se-hydrated lime futhi angasetshenziswanga izinyanga ezintathu. Umquba, ama-perches, ama-feeders anezinsalela zokudla - zishisa. Izimpaphe ezitholakala esikhungweni sokukhukhumeza izinkukhu futhi zitholakale ngaphambi kokubonakala kwezinyoni zezinyoni kufanele zifakwe i-disinfected kwisisombululo se-formaldehyde ka-3% emaminithini angu-40.
Amaqanda aqoqwe phakathi namasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuthola lesi sifo, ubilise imizuzu engu-10. ekushiseni kwe-100 °.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa izinsuku ezingu-30, kuvunyelwe ukususa izinkukhu eziphilayo, ama-turkeys nezinyoni zezinyoni ezivela endaweni enegciwane, ngaphakathi kungavunyelwe ukuthengisa izinyoni eziphilayo futhi ezibulewe, ukuthengisa izimpaphe namaqanda.
Izindlela zanamuhla zokwelapha
Naphezu kokuthuthukiswa kwentuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, indlela yokwelashwa esebenzayo ayitholakali, konke okungayekisa izimpawu noma ukuyeka inqubo yokutheleleka kungukuqothulwa kwabantu abathintekayo.
Ukuvimbela
Kulula kakhulu ukuvimbela ukutholakala kokutheleleka, okungukuthi:
- yenza ukuhlola okukhethiwe;
- ukulawula ukufuduka nokuthuthwa kwezinyoni phakathi kwemindeni;
- hlola ukwakheka kokudla kanye nokuhlanzeka kwamalungiselelo;
- ukuqaphela umsebenzi wokutheleleka kanye nezindlela zokutheleleka ezifundeni eziseduze;
- goma ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.
Isici sezomnotho
Uma umlimi engakhokhanga ngokwanele izinyathelo zokuvimbela kanye nokuxilonga, ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa inyama nokukhukhumeza izinkukhu, kuyingozi ukuvumela lesi sifo ukuba sisakaze emapulazini angomakhelwane, okungase kuhlanganise izinhlawulo, izigwegwe, nokugwetshwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzodingeka ukhokhele izinyathelo zokuqothulwa nokuqothulwa kwama-paddocks, amathuluzi, izindlu zezinkukhu, izinkukhu zekhukhu. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi inhloko yepulazi isiphetho sokugoma ezandleni zakhe, kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukufakazela ukubandakanyeka kwakhe ekutheleleni, ngisho noma umuthi wokugoma awuzange usebenze.
