Indlela yokutshala nokunakekela uBely uthele izihlahla ze-apula

Ukukhulisa i-apula kuyinto inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga umthwalo wemfanelo kanye nesifiso sokutshala imali ebhizinisini lakho ozithandayo. Kodwa, umphumela uwufanele!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhula kwe-apula yokugcwalisa okumhlophe. Ubuqili obuhlukahlukene, izici, izigaba zobuchwepheshe zizosiza ukukhula umuthi onempilo, oqinile futhi uthole isivuno esikhulu.

Ukufika

Ukukhula kwesikhathi esizayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla esincane kuyoxhomeka ekutshaleni okulungile.

Ukutshala nini futhi kanjani?

Nquma indlela yokufika. I-sapling encane isetshenziswa kaningi, kepha abanye balimi bakhula izihlahla ze-apula kusuka enzalweni. Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, ukubekezela, ukunamathela kobuchwepheshe abathile. Ikhwalithi yesithelo ingahlukahluka ku-varietal.

Imbewu

Ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo izitshalo (utamatisi, ukhukhamba), imbewu ye-apula ngaphandle kokuhluma ngaphambi kokuba kulungiselelwe.

1. Ekuqaleni, izinhlamvu ezivuthiwe, ezivuthiwe zihlanza kahle ngamanzi, zihlanza emthonjeni ovimbela ukuhluma. Izinsuku ezintathu zifakwe esanini ngamanzi apholile, aguqulwa njalo, engeza i-stimulator yokukhula ("I-Epin-extra" isibonelo).
2. Bese uqhuba inqubo yokuqamba (ukuqina). Isiqukathi sigcwele isihlabathi esimanzi (noma i-sawdust), imbewu igxila kuwo, ihlanzwa esiqandisini, emgodini noma emiphongolweni. Ngaphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 kufanele zigcinwe ekushiseni kwama-1-5 degrees.
3. Ngokushesha nje lapho imbewu igcwele, izitshalwe zibe iziqukathi ezihlukene.

Kunezinye izindlela.

1. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo igcinwe indlela elula, esetshenziselwa abakwa-monks ngenkathi esebenza ensimini engadini ye-Monastery yaseValaam. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ama-grains ahlanzwa ngamanzi futhi afakwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile.

   Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda, imbewu yayinesikhathi sokuvuvukala, iqothule, lukhuni ebusika. Kuseduze no-Ephreli, amahlumela amancane avela ngoMeyi.

2. Ungabeka amagilebhisi e-peat izimbiza ezigcwala isakhi se-nutrient, uzicwilise emabhokisini enkuni bese uzikhipha ekwindla ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ukuze uvikele emagundeni, amabhokisi ahlanganiswe namagatsha e-fir.. Ngentwasahlobo, izithombo zizovela futhi izithombo zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.

Ukupakisha

1. Ukupakisha okutshalwe ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Iqhwa selivele seliphele ngokuphelele, ubusika bobusuku buzophela, umoya uzoqala ukufudumala umhlaba. Uma inhlabathi isabelisiwe, bekani eceleni isikhathi sokutshala amaviki amabili.
2. Imbobo ejulile, ebanzi (cishe 45 kuya ku-45 cm) igugulelwe ukutshala ukuze izimpande zingene ngokukhululekile kulo. Ngaphansi kukhona umqubu webumba, umanyolo usetshenzisiwe (peat, ash, humus). Beka isithombo ngokuqondile phakathi kwegodi, lungisa izimpande futhi umboze ngenhlabathi.

Amathiphu awusizo:

1. Kungcono ukubeka ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ngendlela eyodwa, phansi kwesinye lapho umba umgodi. Ulale ebhodini elifanele.
2. Nakani intamo impande. Kumele kube ngaphezu kwezingqimba zomhlaba.

Ubuchwepheshe

Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlwanyela imbewu nezithombo zihluke ngokuphelele. Kukhona umehluko kunoma yimuphi umthamo, inhlabathi yalokhu isetshenziswa.

Imbewu

Ukutshala kuqala emva kokuqina, lapho imbewu i-proklyutsya.

1. Izihlumela ezincane zishintshwa zibe iziqukathi ezivulekile (ibhokisi lokhuni, ibhabhu, ibhodlela).
2. Amandla agcwele umhlaba. Kumele kube ukukhanya, okuxekethile, amanzi okupasa kahle, oksijini. Kungcono ukuthatha umhlaba kusayithi lapho ukuhlelwa kwekusasa kuhlelwe khona. Uma inhlabathi ingobumba, inzima, engeza isihlabathi kanye ne-peat encane. Kunconywa ukwenza imbobo yokudonsa amanzi kanye nomgodi phansi kwetangi.

Ukutshala

Sebenza nge-sapling lula. Kutshalwe ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile.

1. Nika okuthandayo endaweni evulekile, enelanga. Emithini yomthunzi ikhula kahle, kepha izinga lokuvuna liyancipha kakhulu. Ungatshali i-apula esihlahleni.
2. Ibanga phakathi ngabanye ukutshala izihlahla nezitshalo kumele kube hhayi ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-4.
3. Imithi ikhula kahle emhlabathini ovundile noma ovuthiwe. Kumele kube ukukhanya, okuxekethile, amanzi okupasa kahle kanye ne-oxygen. Uma umhlaba unobumba futhi unzima, engeza isihlabathi esithile kuwo. Qaphela i-acidity. I-high acidity lime iyaqedwa.
4. Kubalulekile ukuthi yiliphi izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Uma usondela kakhulu eduze nesayithi lokufika, yenza umhlaba wesigodi esiphezulu phezulu.

Uphi umuthi we-apula owafakelwa khona?

Lapho uhlwanyela izihlahla endaweni evulekile, ukufakelwa kabusha kuyenziwa kuphela uma kudingekile.

Uma ukhulile kusuka enzalweni ukuguqulwa okuvamile okudingekayoeyenziwa ngezigaba eziningana.

1. Ngemuva kokuklanywa. Isigaba sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwehlumela elincane.
2. Ngemva konyaka, isitshalo esincane sinconywa ukuthi sihlwanyelwe sibe sesitsha esikhulu esiphezulu futhi esikhulu, singasheshe sifike endaweni engakafiki kusayithi. I-Root bend bese uthatha ama-angles angakwesokudla.
3. Esigabeni sesithathu, isithombo sitshalwe ensimini.

Le nqubo izofaka isandla ekuveleni kokuqala, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-apula angabonakala ngemuva kweminyaka engu-10-15.

Ukunakekela

Ukuze ukhule ingane encane, yiba nesineke, unakekele kahle isitshalo.

Esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula

Isikhathi lapho okusanhlamvu kufakwa khona emva kokuqina ezincwadini ezihlukene.

Izinsuku zokuqala

1. Abanye balimi bacebisa ukugcina izimo zokushisa isikhathi esithile. Isiqukathi sembewu sigcwele ifilimu yeplastiki (noma ingilazi), esuswa kuphela kumahlumela emoyeni futhi ifaka inhlabathi.
2. Lapho amahlumela eswetshiwe kuze kube ngu-1-2 cm ukuphakama, ifilimu ingasuswa futhi kancane kancane ithuthele isitsha endaweni evulekile, evulekile. Okokuqala, ifilimu ivuliwe ihora, amahora angu-2-3, usuku futhi isuswe ngokuphelele.
3. Vikela amaqabunga amancane elangeni emini. Dala izimo zokukhanyisa ezimaphakathi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ibhodlela itholakala eceleni kwefasitela elibheke eningizimu. Amaqabunga amancane asalokhu ebuthakathaka futhi angathola kalula ukushisa kwelanga.

Ukuphuza nokufaka umquba emhlabathini

Ezigaba zokuqala zama ukuhambisa umhlabathi ngokucophelela.

Awukwazi ukuphuza ihlumela kusukela phezulu kokunisela noma ibhodlelaukuze ungalimazi.

Hlanganisa inhlabathi kuphela nxazonke zehlumela.

Ukudla ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kungaba izikhathi eziningana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akusizi ngalutho ukubandakanyeka kumanyolo we-nitrogenous, njengoba kunomthelela ekukhuleni okuthuthukisiwe kobumnyama obuhlaza futhi kubuthakathaka isitshalo ngaphambi kobusika.

Ungasiza kanjani amahlumela?

Ngokuvamile amanzi, feed, ventilate ekamelweni, uvikele kusuka ezikhathini kanye lokushisa amaconsi egumbini, futhi emini kusukela emisebeni ilanga elivuthayo. Esimo sezulu esifudumele, ungathatha isitshalo emoyeni omusha, ukuze iphefumule umoya futhi iphefumule umoya.

Ihlumela elincane lisebuthakathaka, ngakho-ke ukuqiniswa kuyadingeka - i-garter kukhonkwane.

Ngokuvamile izithombo eziningana zivuthwa kusuka enzalweni. Uma bekhula kancane, ungaqala ukukhipha ama-diashell. Ukuze uthole ikhefu elikhulayo elilodwa kuphela eliqine kakhulu futhi elinamandla kakhulu. Qaphela ukubukeka kwesitshalo.

Uma kunameva esiqwini, futhi amahlumela namaqabunga aphansi, kungcono ukulahla amahlumela anjalo, ngoba izithelo zomuthi onjalo ziyoba mncane futhi zimi.

Ukufakelwa kokuqala

1. Ukuze ufake kabusha, kuneziqukathi eziningi ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiwe ukuze isitshalo sizizwa sikhululekile kuyo futhi kukhona indawo yokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande. I-pot ebanzi, ithuba elikhulu lokudala isitshalo esiqinile sempande.
2. Qaphela ukufakelwa. Ukuphatha isitshalo ngokucophelela ukugwema umonakalo.
3. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha, unganciphisa uhlelo lwempande, kodwa kungcono ukugoba kahle impande bese uyibopha ohlangothini.

Ukuze isithombo sembewu encane

Kufika isikhathi sokugcina esibalulekile ngaphambi kokuba isithombo sitshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo. Manje kubaluleke kakhulu ukumnikeza ukunakekela okufanele ukukhula, ukuqinisa uhlelo lwempande, ukwakheka komqhele.

Ukuthuthukisa izimpande zokudla

1. Hlanganisa phansi njalo, kodwa qaphela umswakama owedluleleokungalimaza futhi kubangele ukubonakala kokubola.
2. Yondla amaphosphate kanye nama-fertilizer. Gcina isitshalo ekamelweni elihle.
3. Hlala kude ne-drafts kanye namaconsi okushisa.
4. Ngokucophelela ukhulule ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuphuma kahle komswakama nokuphefumula.

Ukwakheka komqhele

Ukuze unike umqhele isikhundla esifanele, ungasebenzisa ukusika nokuhlanganisa.

Khulisa.

1. I-seedling encane engahlanjululwa ekhishwe ekuphakameni 80-90 cm. Lokhu kuzoqala ukugqugquzela ukukhula kwamahlumela e-lateral futhi esikhathini esizayo ungaqhubeka nokwakheka komqhele.
2. Uma i-branching iqalile, susa amahlumela ezingeni 50-70 cm. Phakathi kokugqugquzela ukusika labo abakha i-angle enzima ne-trunk. Izinso zesithathu zifingqiwe kulabo abakha i-angle ebanzi.

   Umqhubi (engxenyeni engenhla ye-trunk) naye uyanqunywa. Uma kuqhathaniswa namahlumela, kufanele ihlale ihola (ephezulu 15-20 cm.).

Ukuhlanganisa

1. Amagatsha omuthi we-apula amancane ahlanganiswe emagatsheni aphansi, isikhonkwane noma isiqu, enikeza isikhundla esinqunyiwe. Ungabeka ucezu lwekhadibhodiukuze intambo ingaphazamisi futhi ilimaze amagatsha. Kancane kancane, bazoqala ukuhlanganisa endaweni entsha.

   Uma uhlangana, ungasheshi ukulahla amagatsha amancane, njengoba ukukhula kwehlisa, kuzoba yisiphako. Bashintsha insimu kuzonikeza amanye amahlumela. Hlanganisa amagatsha amakhulu futhi aqinile kuphela.. Ukuzama ukunikeza igatsha indawo eqondile akufanelekile ukuze ungaqedi. Kwanele ukwenza umthamo wezinyathelo ezingamashumi amathathu ukusuka endaweni eqondile.

2. Ungenza ukwesekwa okungeziwe ngokuhlanganisa umgodla oqhutshwa emhlabathini.

Esikhathini

Emva kokutshala, kubalulekile ukunikeza i-apple encane ukunakekelwa okufanele ukuze ikwazi ukuxazulula kahle, qala ukukhula nokuthuthukisa.

Kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ekuthomeni kokuqala

Iminyaka yokuqala yokukhula yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu. Landela imihlahlandlela yokunakekela eyisisekelo.

1. Ukunisela kufanele kube okulinganayo futhi okuvamile.. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi izimpande zitholakala kuphi, ungadonsela umbuthano ozungeza isihlahla noma ukushayela ngamaphegi amancane. Okulandelayo yenza izindawo ezikhethekile zokuphuma kwamanzi.
2. Nakekela inhlabathi. Ukhula, ususe izimpande nokhula. Khipha umhlabathi. Esimo sezulu esomile, lokhu kuzokusiza ukuphucula kangcono amanzi ukuya ezimpandeni, nasezindaweni zemvula - oksijini.
3. Ngonyaka wokuqala, umanyolo usetshenziselwa ukutshala kuphela.. Eminyakeni elandelayo, ungakwazi ukutshala i-potash, i-phosphate fertilizer. I-Nitrous ayinconywa okwamanje.
4. Ukusekelwa okuthembekile ungakwazi ukubopha isithombo kumgodla. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukukhula okuhle, ukuvikela emiphakathini enamandla. Kufanele ihlanganiswe noma izikhonkwane ezintathu, zihlelwe ngonxantathu noma ezimbili. Kulesi simo, izikhonkwane zibekwe eceleni kwesokudla nangesobunxele.
5. Njalo ukusika izihlahla. Susa wonke amagatsha amadala, okungadingekile (okungadingekile). Phakathi neminyaka yokuqala, ukusika izihlahla kubalulekile ekwakheni umqhele oqondile futhi kuyoba ukuvimbela izifo. Uma wenza umqhele, qaphela ukuthi amagatsha atholakala kanjani.
6. Ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukwenza ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo ngama-insecticide. zokuvikela izinambuzane.
7. Ukusiza ukusinda ezinyangeni zokuqala yenza i-mulching ngaphambi kokushisa kwesimo sezulu sokuqala. Njengoba i-mulch ivumelane: i-sawdust, i-humus, i-hay, i-wood chips.

Ungathola kanjani isivuno esihle?

Ukuze umuthi uqale ukuthela izithelo, udinga ukuwuthambisa. Ukugcwaliswa okugcwala kubhekisela ezihlotsheni zasehlobo.
Uma ukhetha i-pollinator, okumele ukwenze kunikezwe lezo zinhlobonhlobo eziqhakaza futhi ukukhiqiza cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-White bulk: Grushovka Moskovskaya, iMantet, Anis Sverdlovskiy kanye nabanye.

Ukuze i-apula iqale ukuthela izithelo kahle futhi ingabe "ihlupheka" ngenxa ye-apula ngokweqile, kuyadingeka ukuba usebenzise kahle izithelo zesithelo. Kuqoqo ngalinye ama-apula amaningana akhiwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukususa esisodwa phakathi kwendonga ngayinye.. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, ikhwalithi yokuvuna ingancipha, kanti ngonyaka ozayo umuthi uzophumula futhi ungatheli izithelo eziningi.

Uma amagatsha egcwele kakhulu izithelo bese eqala ukugoba ngaphansi kwawo, udinga ukwenza ukwesekwa okungeziwe ngosizo lwamaphegi akhethekile aqhutshwa emhlabathini. Lokhu kusekelwa kuvame ukuwenzelwa izihlahla ezivuthiwe, kodwa kungase kudingeke nabasha.

Ukunakekela kahle umuthi

Qhubeka ukhathalela umuthi: amanzi, ugeze umhlabathi, uvikele ezifweni nasezinambuzane, sebenzisa ukusika izihlahla.

1. Ukusika izihlahla njalo kuzosiza ekuvuseleleni i-apula. Kubonakala ukuthi ngisho nalezo zihlahla eziqala ukulahlekelwa izimfanelo zabo zokuhlobisa futhi zithele izithelo zibuye ziphile futhi emva kokusika izihlahla.
2. Ukugcwaliswa okumhlophe akubekezeli ubusika. Kodwa, ukuqubuzela ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda ngeke kube nomonakalo. Ukuze uvikele amagxolo avela kumagundane, ungakwazi ukugcoba isiqu se-apula noma ubeke isihlahla sase-spruce.
3. Ukutshala umuthi omdala kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ezinyathelweni eziningana.
4. Ukudla kokuqala kuqala ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla yenza amagremu amahlanu ama-urea noma amabhakede ayisithupha ama-humus. Isikhathi sesibili sikhulelwa ngama-humus e-liquid ekuqaleni kwesiqhakabhaka. Ingxenye yesithathu ibanjwe ngesikhathi sakhiwa isithelo.

   Ngama-alitha angu-200 amanzi aphuza i-1 kg ye-nitrosafat nama-gramu angu-20 we-humidium eyomile. Ngaphansi komuthi owodwa wathela amalitha angu-30 esisombululo. Lokhu okulandelayo ngemuva kokuvuna. Geza nge potassium sulfate kanye ne-superphosphate (350 amagremu). Esikhathini esomile, umquba uhlanjululwa emanzini.

Izihlahla ze-apula ezikhulayo ziyinkqubo ende futhi enzima. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela oyikhethayo - ukutshala imbewu noma ukuthenga isithombo sokulungela. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza amandla amaningi, isikhathi, ukuzinikela ekunakekeleni nasekunakekeleni isitshalo esincane. Kungenxa yalokhu kuphela, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhule umuthi ophilile onamandla, oqinile ozokhiqiza isivuno esikhulu ngonyaka.