Sekuyiminyaka eminingi ababelethi bexazulule umsebenzi obunzima kakhulu - ukudalwa kwezinhlobo zezithelo ezinjalo, okungafani nalokho, ikakhulukazi i-thermophilia yabo yokuqala, bezokwazi ukunikeza izakhamuzi zasenyakatho lonke ububele bephunga elimnandi kanye noboya bazo ukunambitheka kwezithelo eziseningizimu.
Njengoba behamba, abaningi abaphenyi abacwaningi baqaphelisisa abameleli abaningi Ussuri kanye nokuzalanisa isiChina.
Futhi sonke sibonga ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezakhiwo zabo ezizuzisayo.
Enye yalezi zinhlanzi, ezinconyelwe ukutshala ezindaweni lapho kunezimo zezulu eziyingozi, yizinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi zaseChina. "Ihophu Ephuzi".
Incazelo ye-plum "amaHoppi aphuzi"
Lesi sitshalo sesithelo sinesici esilandelayo sangaphandle nesakhiwo:
Isihlahla. Kuyinto isitshalo esinamandla (okungajwayelekile - ukulinganisela ekukhuleni).Ukuphakama kwalo kuvame ukuphakama 2.5 m noma ngaphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isihlahla somuthi ngokwawo asikona kakhulu.
Amagxolo phezu kwesitshalo se-plum ishelelekile kuya ekuthinteni, ikakhulukazi igrey.
- Crown, amagatsha. Kulowo muntu omdala, ithiphu elincane (ngezinye izikhathi elingaphakathi) liyakha ngesimo sendilinga encane.
Ama-crowns amafomu amancane agcwele amagatsha. I-smooth skeleton ibark inombala ompunga.
- Amahlumela. Amahlumela ahlehlisiwe (ngezinye izikhathi aphikisiwe) ahlukaniswa nesigaba esincane kakhulu. Umbala wamahlumela awuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukukhanya kwesibindi kubonakala phezulu. Emahlumela inani elikhulu lamalenti amancane akhiwa.
Amaqabunga ohlobo lwe-vegetative amancane kakhulu, kanti izithelo zivame ukuphakama.
- Amahlamvu. Ubukhulu - kusukela kusiphakathi kuya phezulu. Ubude beshidi elijwayelekile liyi-11 cm, ububanzi - 6 cm. Ukukhula okuphezulu kubonakala kufinyelele phezulu.
Amahlamvu akhula ama-egg. Umbala oyinhloko - oluhlaza, nge-sheen encane. Phezu kweshidi kukhona imibimbi ehlakaniphile.
- I-Inflorescences. Izimbali ezimhlophe eziphakathi nendawo ziqhakaza njengezinkomishi.
Amapulazi afana neqanda awu-9 mm ubude no-7 mm ububanzi. Emaphethelweni amacembe kukhona ukukhathazeka okuncane. Ngokujwayelekile izimbali 2-3 ziqoqwe kuhlumela elilodwa.
- Izithelo. Izithelo zombala eziphuzi noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-wax ezimhlophe zibonakala ngobukhulu obujwayelekile, obulinganisa phakathi kuka-16-20 g.
Ukuma ngokuvamile kuvalwe, kukhona ukulala okuncane. Esithombeni esiswini se-fetus siboniswe kahle. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba esincane senyama yikhuphu eliphuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ekhululekile, ecebile.
Ngaphakathi ithambo elikhulu kakhulu, elihlukaniswa kalula kumalitha.
Isihlahla. Kuyinto isitshalo esinamandla (okungajwayelekile - ukulinganisela ekukhuleni).Isithombe
Ungazijwayela iplamu "ye-Yellow Hopta" esithombeni ngezansi:
Umlando wokuzala
I-plum ehlukahlukene "Ihophu Ephuzi" kwathiwa ngo-1930 umfuyi waseRashiya uN.Tikhonov. Izifundo zenziwa emzini wase-Ussuriysk, ensimini yensimu yase-amateur Hopta.
I-Tikhonov yenza okuningi ekutshalweni okusebenzayo kwezithelo zomkhiqizo ezingxenyeni zase-Asia zaseRussia. Eminyakeni eyalandela, iplamu ecacisiwe isibe yinye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko emapulazini asezindaweni zaseSiberia, e-Urals naseMpumalanga Ekude.
Kakade ngo-1974, i-"Hoppies Ephuzi" yayifakwe kwirejista ehlukahlukene yezwe futhi yenziwa ngokusemthethweni ezindaweni zaseNtshonalanga zaseSiberia nase-Ural.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kokuba khona kwayo, lo mhlukumezi we-plum usetshenziswe kakhulu ngabososayensi abaningi-abalimi lapho bedala izinhlobo ezintsha zezinga eliphezulu.
Ngokuyinhloko, esifundeni sase-Altai ngokuhlanganyela "Ihophu Ephuzi" I-Zarya Altai nezinye izinhlobo eziningana ezithembisayo zakhiwe; ku-Krasnoyarsk, i-Divnaya plum.
Kusuka "Ihophu Ephuzi" ukuvumelanisa kwawo okuhle ezindaweni ezimweni zemvelo nezesimo sezulu, isivuno esihle sidluliselwa ezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, inzalo yakhe ingayithola "kumzali" futhi intukuthelo ehlukile yesikhumba sayo.
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
Lokhu iplamu libhekisela ezitshalweni zezithelo ezizimele. Izitshalo ezinjalo, njengombuso, cishe zingenalo ikhono lokuzifaka umquba ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwempova yi-pollen yazo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukutshala isihlahla engadini izinhlobo "zeHoops Hoops", umgadi wensimu kudingeka athole izihlahla eziseduze zezinye izinhlobo zeplamu, eziqhakaza ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho i-plum blooms echazwe khona.
Okunikeziwe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ngokugoma. Njengamanje, amasheya angcono kakhulu "Ihophu Ephuzi" Ezinye izinhlobo ze-Ussuri neCanada zikhethiwe zibhekwa.
I-fruiting evamile yale plamu iqala eminyakeni 3-4 emva kokutshala isithombo seminyaka. Emva kwalokho, ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo ze-agrotechnical, umuthi uveza isivuno esihle kakhulu ngonyaka. Ngokuyinhloko, ngokwesilinganiso kusuka kwesinye isitshalo ngonyaka ngamunye ungakhuphukela ku-10-12 kg we-plums fresh (noma cishe abangaba ngu-40-60 phakathi kwehektha elilodwa).
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izithelo, ezivame ukuvuthwa ngo-Agasti - ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, ziba mnandi kakhulu, zilawulwa ubumnandi obunomunyu obuncane. Kodwa-ke, iphuzu elibuthakathaka le-bouquet jikelele le-flavour yilona isikhumba, okunikeza ubuhlungu obukhulu.
Lapha udinga ukucabangela ngokukhethekile, njengoba lokhu kungalungile kungadluliselwa kwimikhiqizo yokucubungula. "Ihophu Ephuzi".
Izithelo ziqukethe Izakhi zamakhemikhali ezilandelayo:
- ushukela - 13.6%;
- iziqu ze-acid - 1.7%;
- izinto ezinomile - 21.8%;
- ama-tannins - 0.74%;
- ascorbic acid - 12 mg / 100 g;
- Izinto ezisebenza nge-P - 150 mg / 100 g
Kumele futhi kuqashelwe okuhle ubusika hardiness lokhu okuhlukahlukene. Ngokwezinga elikhulu libhekene nezinkuni. Kodwa izithelo ezifihlekile azikwazi ukumelana neziqhwaga ezinzima, okumele zicatshangelwe lapho zizalisa ama-plums.
Isithelo se-plum esiphundu singcono kakhulu sidliwe. Ngenxa yesikhumba esibucayi kanye ne-pulp ehlabayo, ama-plums alezi ezihlukahlukene azibekezeli ukuhamba kwebanga elide.
Izici zokutshala nokunakekelwa
Umuthi waminyaka yonke utshalwe endaweni ekhanyayo, engenawo umoya, endaweni ephakanyisiwe lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba engasondeli khona (akusekho ngaphezu kuka-1.5-2 m) futhi lapho inhlabathi evundile ikhona (inhlabathi enomsoco ayinconywa iplamu).
Ngaphansi kokutshala, bamba imbobo ngokujula kwama-50 cm nobunzima obungama-80 cm. Ngaphambi kokutshala, umgodi kufanele uvunyelwe ukulungisa amaviki angu-1.5-2.
Ngemuva kokugcwalisa uhlelo lwempande ngenhlanganisela yomhlabathi, okumele kuhlanganiswe khona umquba we-organic and amaminerali, intamo yentambo yesithombo kufanele ikhule ngamaphesenti angu-5-6 ngaphezulu komhlabathi.
Ukunakekela iplamu "amaHops aphuzi" cishe akufani nezebuchwepheshe bokunakekela noma yimuphi omunye umshini weplamu. Kuhlanganisa ukukhululeka okuvamile komhlaba eduze kwesihlahla, ukulawula ukhula, nokuchelela.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinye izinhlobo zeplamu yamaShayina: Iphupho le-Orel, i-Xenia, i-Skoroplodnaya, i-Alyonushka.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngenkathi eyomile ku-1 square. Ukuhlolelwa komqhele wesihlahla kusebenzisa ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi. Izihlahla ezincane zidinga (ikakhulukazi ngenkathi eyomile) ukuchelela okuvame ukwedlula izitshalo ezindala.
Ukuze uthole izitshalo ezinhle futhi ezivamile, kunconywa ukuba ufake ukugqoka okuphezulu ngohlobo lwe-3 kg lomquba (umquba) nge-1 sq. m plot pristvolnogo.
Ukuze uhlolwe kahle, umuthi udinga ukusika izihlahla njalo. Futhi kusukela emaqabunga amaqabunga, izingane ezineminyaka engu-3-4 yokuqala yokuphila zeluleka ukuba zimboze nge-sacking, ehlanganiswe emigqeni engu-2 ejikeleze isiqu.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ibanga "Ihophu Ephuzi" kubonisa ukumelana okuhle nokuhlaselwa kwe-hawthorn, kanye ne-nodule. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinambuzane zingalimaza kakhulu isitshalo - I-Semyaed yaseMaslovsky.
Izimpungushe ezimbi kakhulu kule Hymenoptera cishe zidla ngokuphelele okusanhlamvu. Ngenxa yalokho, amapulazi ayomile, aphenduke amnyama bese ewa.
Ukuze kuphumelele ukulwa nale nkathazo, ukuphamba kwehlobo (maphakathi noJuni) ngesisombululo se-0.2% se-lepidocide noma i-chlorophos isetshenziswa. Futhi izithelo kakade zishaywe zingcono ukuqoqa emthini kusengaphambili.
Izithelo ezihlwabusayo nezakhayo zaleli qhwa laseChina zingaba umhlobiso wangempela wesidlo kanye nenketho elihle kakhulu ekudleni kwayo. Noma kunjalo, konke lokhu kuzokwenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokuba ulwazi, isipiliyoni kanye nokusebenza okuqhubekayo kusetshenziswe esitshalweni.
