I-Cherry iyakuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi namuhla. Abantu abaningi bathanda ukunambitheka kokuqala kwamajikijolo amnandi anomsoco anomsoco omuncu.
Enye yezinto eziphawulekayo ze-cherry yiyona grade Morozovka.
UCherry Morozovka wayeyithandwa yizigubhu zokunambitheka kakhulu, futhi wanikezwa impendulo evela kubalimi, futhi kwaba isivuno esihle, incazelo egcwele yezinhlobonhlobo nesithombe sesithelo kubuye kulesi sihloko.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry i-Morozovka (igama lesibili yi-Morozovskaya) laqalwa eRussia ngamehlo ezimweni ze-agrotechnical nezesimo sezulu endaweni ephakathi, ehlukile isimo sezulu esibucayi kanye nobusika obude obubandayo.
Ngokusekelwe ezimfuno zobunzima bebusika ezibekwe kulezi zithelo zezithelo, iminyaka eminingana emisebenzini yokukhiqiza okuhloswe ngawo-1980 yenziwa I-Russian-Research Research Institute yokuHlala nokuHlala. I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, esifundeni saseTambov).
Izinhlobonhlobo zinegama layo hhayi nje ngenxa yokumelana nesithwathwa, kodwa futhi negama lombhali - Tamara Morozova, ochwepheshe owaziwayo emkhakheni wezithelo zamatshe.
Lo msebenzi kwakuwukudala ezihlukahlukene ezizobe zivumelaniswa nezimo zezulu zaseRussia futhi zingabonakaliswa ukwanda kwamaqhawe ebusika, izithelo eziphakeme, izakhiwo zokunambitheka ezinhle, ukukhula okuncane nokumelana nokuqina kwesifo se-fungal coccomycosis.
I-frostbite yatholakala ngokuwela izinhlobo ze-cherry eLyubskaya naseVladimirskaya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu yeVladimirskaya ngaphambi kokuba iwele iphathwa ngesigaba sokuhluma nge-mutagenic chemical ethyleneimine (EI) emakethe angu-0.025%.
IBanga Morozovka ngo-1988 yathunyelwa ezilingweni zikaHulumeni.
Izinhlobo ezifana neTurgenevka, Kharitonovskaya, Shokoladnitsa, Shubinka zenzelwe ukulima endaweni ephakathi.
Ukubukeka kwe-cherry Morozovka
I-Cherry Morozovka inezici ezilandelayo:
Isihlahla
Uhluke ekuphakameni okuphansi noma okuphakathi, ezimweni eziningi ukuphakama kwesitshalo ayidluli ngamamitha angu-2.5.
Umqhele namagatsha. Kwanele ngokubanzi, ephakanyisiwe. Ibonakala ngobukhulu obulinganiselwe futhi inomumo oseduze nebhola. Yakha amagatsha amancane aphihliwe. Esigodini esikhulu kanye namagatsha omzimba omqhele womqhele ubeka amagxolo ombala ombala obomvu.
Amahlumela. Khulisa umbala omkhulu, obomvu-obomvu. Bakha inombolo encane ye-lenticles. Kukhona amaqabunga amahlumela asetshenziswayo, emgqeni ofana neqanda, okuyinto, ekhulayo, ehluke emahlumela.
Amahlamvu. Zihlukaniswa umbala omnyama obomvu, ngebheka elibukeka kahle, phansi - ngokuphindaphinda kancane. Ukuma kweshidi elincanyana kufana ne-oval ebizwa. Emaphethelweni amaqabunga, kunesibindi esicacile se-bicuspid, i-leaf surface ngokwayo iyabushelela. Leli qabunga ligcinwe ku-petiole ende futhi ayikhuni kakhulu.
Izimbali Izimbali, ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu, zinamapulanka azungeze umbala omhlophe. Izinsuku zezimbali ze-cherry Morozovka ezilinganisiwe njengezilinganiselwe.
Izithelo
Umcebo oyinhloko walesi sihlahla - izithelo zawo - unomumo ojikelezayo nombala obomvu obomvu ocebile.
I-berry ebomvu isisindo ufinyelela ku-4-5 amagremu ngokwesilinganiso. Izithelo zigcinwa esihlahleni ngesigamu esanele.
Kodwa-ke, ngokugwedwa kwemishini, izithelo zingakwazi ukuphumula kalula. Ngaphakathi kwenyama enomzimba obomvu futhi obomvu ngethambo eliphakathi kwe-oval, elihlukaniswa kalula kalula emgqonyeni we-cherry. Esikhumbeni azikho amaphuzu nezici.
Isithombe
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
Le cherry yiyona ejwayelekile kunazo zonke izinhlobo ezikhona zezinhlobonhlobo - izigaba ze-cherries e-self-infertile.
Isici sesici sezitshalo ezinjalo ukuhluleka kwabo ukufaka umanyolo ngosizo lokuzivolisa kwezimbali zabo.
Ukuze isiko livame ukukhula, ukuthuthukisa nokuthela izithelo, endaweni esiseduze nayo kuyadingeka ukutshala ama cherry e-fruited.
The best pollinators for the ezihlukahlukene Morozovka kucatshangelwe UGriot Michurinsky, uZhukovskaya, uLebedyanskaya.
Lezi zinambuzane ziphumelela kakhulu, ngisho nasezimweni zesimo sezulu esimpofu futhi lapho kungekho "umsebenzi" osebenzayo wezinyosi.
Ngaphansi kwesihlahla esijwayelekile semvelo iqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka we-3-4 emva kokutshala isithombookunikeza isizathu sokubeka lezi zinhlobonhlobo njenge skoroplodny. Ezweni lakubo lokubeletha, eMichurinsk, izithelo zesikhathi esijwayelekile sokuvuthwa ingaqoqwa engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi.
Ngokunakekelwa kahle nezimo zezulu ezihle, njalo Ukukhiqiza kunesilinganiso sobubanzi samakhomitha angu-50-65 ngehektare.
Izitshalo eziphezulu ziboniswa ngalesinye isikhathi, uRossoshanskaya Black, u-Ural Ruby no-Tsarevna.
Isilinganiso esihle sokusindaokwanele isivuno esikhulu futhi ukunambitheka okubalulekile futhi izimfanelo eziphilayo zezithelo Ezinye izindawo zomzimba zikaMorozovka nazo zinezela.
Ikakhulukazi, isihlahla salolu hlobo lukhombisa izinga eliphezulu ukumelana nesomiso nobunzima bebusika. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi impahla yokugcina ayiyona yonke into yesitshalo.
Izinkomba zobunzima bebusika ziba zimbi kakhulu izimbali ze-cherry, ezingafisa futhi zife phakathi nobusika obunzima futhi ngisho ne-frosts encane ephindayo, evame ukuqoshwa ezindaweni ezisenyakatho esifundeni seRussia Solar Black.
Ukuqina okukhulu kwebusika kuboniswa yizinhlobo zeVolochaevka, Shokoladnitsa neZhukovskaya.
I-plus enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo yi-susceptibility ephansi ekudlideni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izithelo ze-Frost zingakwazi ukubekezelela ukuhamba kwesikhathi esideokubaluleke kakhulu ukudiliva ngesikhathi esifanele kwemikhiqizo yezimakethe zezolimo. Konke lokhu kwenza le cherry ibanga lonke ngezinto ezinhle kakhulu zobuchwepheshe zesithelo.
Inani lamakhemikhali abalulekile afakwe eMorozovka kanje:
| Ukwakhiwa | Inombolo |
|---|---|
| Ushukela | 10,5% |
| Acids | 1,37% |
| I-ascorbic acid | 30 mg / 100 g |
Ochwepheshe bathi ngezinzuzo ezinkulu zokudla izithelo ezintsha zalolu hlobo.
Ngaphezu kwe-ascorbic acid, i-cherry Morozov inothile kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo ze-organic and folic, ama-macro-microelements abalulekile, i-pectin izinto, amavithamini ahlukahlukene.
Izidakamizwa zincoma ukuthi zingadli kuphela ama cherry amasha, kodwa futhi zenza ama-compotes ahlukahlukene, okunempilo nemigodi ephilile.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amajikijolo alo muthi athandwa kakhulu njengomthombo wezinto eziwusizo zokulungiselela ama-dessert ahlukahlukene, kanye neziphuzo ezidakayo ezikhiqizwa ekhaya (ama-liqueurs nama-liqueurs).
Futhi lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba izithelo Morozovka, ukuvuthwa, thola flavour kakhulu futhi ewusizo "omisiwe".
I-cherries ebomvu yalolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene lwe-dessert, ubumnandi obumnandi obunconywe ngokuphumelelayo ngomunyu omncane, luba mnandi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo cishe azilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwazo, ngisho nangesikhathi sokupheka kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa.
Izinhlobonhlobo kukhona izinhlobo zeVolochaevka, i-Moscow Griot ne-Lighthouse.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ukuthuthukiswa okuhle kwesitshalo kulo lonke impilo yakhe kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha indawo efanele yokutshala imbewu.
Ngakho indawo efanelekayo yeMorozovka yindawo evundile kakhulu ethatha umswakama futhi ifakwe umoya omuhle. (kodwa ngaphandle kwemidwebo ebanda). Yiqiniso, kufanele ikhanyiswe ilanga.
Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry ze-Morozovka azibekezeli amanzi aphelile, aphethwe ngokuqothula uhlelo lwempande ngesikhathi semvula enkulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amanzi kufanele ahlinzekwe - amanzi okudlula amanzi avela endaweni yokufika.
Ukujwayelekile ukukhiqizwa kwe-Morozovka kwenzeka ngo ukuxhunyelelwa nokuhluma. Izinga lokuqothula ama-cuttings aluhlaza lingama-70%.
Ukuvuna izithombo ngesikhathi sokuwa, kodwa zitshalwe entwasahlobo. Umhlaba uthanda. nge-acidity engathathi hlangothi. Hlala kahle isitshalo esincane enhlabathini enesihlabathi, enesihlabathi futhi ehamba.
Uma ukhethe inhlabathi efanele yokutshala, kufanele ucabange ngokusatshalaliswa okulungile kwezithombo endaweni yesimu. Ukuze izihlahla zithuthuke ngokugcwele, phakathi kwazo kubalulekile ukulwa ibanga eliphakathi kuka 2.5 kuya ku 3.5 m.
Khona-ke izimbiza zokufika ziyakhiwa. Le fossa ngayinye kufanele ibe nayo ububanzi 50-60 cm nokujula 40-50 cm. Inhlabathi ekhishwe ngesikhathi yokumba ixubene nomquba (humus), inani elincane le-chloride potassium, umlotha, superphosphate. Uma inhlabathi inokuqukethwe okubumba okuphezulu, kuyadingeka ukwengeza 1-1.5 amabhakede wesihlabathi esivamile.
Ngemva kokusungula ipulazi emgodini, isiqu sayo sigxiliwe kuwo, inhlabathi ye-trunk igxiliwe. Ebusini 20-30 cm kusuka esihlahleni kusuka emhlabathini yakha shaft radial. Kulo mgodi ngaleyo ndlela wadalwa uthele 2-3 amabhakede wamanzi abandayo abanda.
Inhlabathi eyagubha emva kokuchelela ihlanganiswe ngxube ye-humus ne-sawdust. Ukuze kube nomthelela omuhle, ungqimba lwe-mulch oluvikela umhlabathi ekumeni kufanele ube okungenani u-2-3 cm obukhulu.
Ukunakekelwa kahle kwesitshalo phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwayo weeding njalo bese ukhulula inhlabathi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikhathi zemifino efanele.
Kumele kukhunjulwe lapha ukuthi uma kukhona ukwengezwa kwamanyolo wamaminerali ngesikhathi sokutshala, izakhi azitholakali eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
Futhi isici esibalulekile sokugcinwa okufanele kwe cherry Morozovka ukuqapha njalo isimo somqhele walo futhi, uma kunesidingo, dilution yayo. Amagatsha aqoshiwe futhi lapho kwenzeka ukuthi amahlumela abe eside kakhulu (50 cm noma ngaphezulu).
Uma ungenzi lezi zinqubo, isikhathi somsebenzi obalulekile wamagatsha asezimbali singancishiswa kakhulu, futhi izithelo ngokwazo cishe zizoba zincane futhi zilahlekelwe izimfanelo zabo zokuzidla.
Lapha nje udinga ukukhumbula lokho ukusika izihlahla kuvunyelwe kuphela ukufika kwentwasahlobo, amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuba ihlumela livule.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yokukhethwa kweMorozovka ngomqondo wokuthola izifo, kunezihlobo ezahlukene eziphumelelayo kakhulu.
Noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe abaningi bayazi cishe ukutholakala kwezinhlobo ze-cherry kuya ku-coccomycosis nokuphikisana okukhulu kwezidalwa kwezinye izifo izitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zeLebedyanskaya, Malinovka noNovella zibonisa ukuphika okuhle kwezifo zefungal.
Nokho, njengezinye izihlahla ze-cherry, i-Morozovka ethandwa kakhulu yizo zonke izinhlobo zamagundane. Lezi zinambuzane, ezingenakuthola ukudla okulula kalula ebusika, zondla amagxolo namagatsha.
Ukuze uvikele abantu abandayo, isiqu sabo namagatsha batuswa ebusika ukumboza noma yikuphi udaba oluqinile.
Zombili zihlanzekile futhi zifana ne-jam noma i-compote, i-Morozovka enomsoco futhi enempilo izokhipha umuntu otshale emsebenzini wakhe nomphefumulo wakhe injabulo enkulu.
