Izithelo zomvini ezikhulile emasikweni aseRashiya ezinomkhathi omfishane kanye nobusika obubandayo kufanele kube yi-frost-resistant, ukukhuthazela nokuvuthwa kokuqala.
Zonke lezi zimfanelo zinemibala emangalisayo "Imfihlakalo kaSharov". Abalimi abaningi baphupha ukuzithola. Phela, ezihlukahlukene, phakathi kwezinye izinto, zingenakuzithoba futhi zinikeza isivuno esiqinile.
Uhlobo luni?
Amagilebhisi ewayini "Imfihlakalo yeSharov" yaqala ukulimalwa nje - eminyakeni engaba ngu-40 edlule. Abakwa-Winegrowers bawazisa ngokushesha lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezintsha, ezibonisa ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu futhi kungavamile ukubanda ubusika.
Kuyinto ethandwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. "Imfihlakalo kaSharov" ingabizwa ngokuthi yizo zonke izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Iwayini elenziwe ekhaya elenziwe ekhaya nejusi elimnandi lenziwa ngamajikijolo alo amnandi futhi amnandi-anambitha.
Izinhlobo zendawo yonke zihlanganisa i-Supaga, u-Alexander no-Krasa Balki.
Amagilebhisi Mystery of Sharov: incazelo ezihlukahlukene
Izinhlobo zesikhukhula zinamandla amakhulu okukhula. Amahlumela okuvuthwa kokuqala asele eside, encane futhi eguquguqukayo. Ehlobo, umvini ukhula ube ngamamitha amathathu. Amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo anamafomu afakwe enhliziyweni futhi afakwe ama-lobed five.
I-Delight White, i-Viva Hayk ne-Regent nayo iyaphawuleka ngamandla awo okukhula okuhle.
Ama-clusters aphakathi noma aphansi, ahluka ngesisindo kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-500 g futhi ube nefomu elivulekile nelinamandla kakhulu. Izimbali zomvini ziyingqayizivele, hhayi ezidinga izinhlobo zempova.
Amajikijolo anesibhakabhaka amnyama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anesisindo esingaba ngu-3 g ahlanganiswe kakhulu nge-pruine. Bajabulela ukunambitheka ngamanzi, njengokungathi baqhakazile emlonyeni, i-pulp. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo njengoba kuvuthisa izinguquko, thola i-strawberry yokuqala bese i-blue hues.
Izinhlobo ezihlwabusayo kakhulu yi-Romeo, Velika ne-Chocolate.
Ukuqoqwa ushukela emajikijolo kungu-22%. Isikhumba samajikijolo sincane, kodwa kunesidingo. Esithelweni kukhona amathambo amabili noma amathathu.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziyamangalisa ngoba inekhwalithi yokugcina okuhle futhi ingagcinwa izinyanga ezintathu emva kokuvuna, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukubonakala kwayo nokunambitha. Amagilebhisi avuthiwe ahlala ehlathini isikhathi eside. Kulesi simo, amajikijolo, omiswe kancane, abe mnandi.
Ungakwazi futhi ukusakaza nge cuttings Aladdin, Bogatyanovskiy noTukay.
Isithombe
Amagilebhisi wezithombe "Imfihlakalo yeSharov":
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
"My Mystery of Sharov" yavuswa ngo-1972 ngumkhulisi we-amateur waseBiberia waseByysk, uR. R. Sharov, onguhlelo lwe-viticulture yonke enyakatho. Inhloso yomsebenzi kanzima kaRostislav Sharov kwakuwukudala amagilebhisi angakwazi ukumelana nobusika obubandayo baseSiberia.
Ukuze uthole izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-"Mystery of Sharov", umgqugquzeli wensimu wayesebenzisa ama-hybridi angamelana ne-frost yama-Amur, izinhlobo zaseMelika naseYurophu "EMpumalanga Ekude 60", okuyiyona mholi ngokumelene nesithwathwa - ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa phansi -40 ° C.
Sharov impova "EMpumalanga Ekude 60" ngenhlanganisela yempova "Magarach No. 352", "Tukaya" nezinye izinhlobo zakuqala, futhi ngenxa yalokho Amagilebhisi ayingqayizivele "Umfihlakalo we-Sharov", ehlanganisa izimfanelo ezinjalo zokubaluleka kokuvuthwa kokuqala kanye neqhwa elimnandi lokuswakama kwamaqhwa.
Ubuhle beNyakatho, i-Super Extra, i-Arched ne-Pink Flamingo ibonisa kahle ukumelana nesithwathwa.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Umfihlakalo weSharov" awuzange udlule ukuhlolwa kwezwe, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wathola ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabakwa-winegrowers. Uthandwa kakhulu ngabalimi bezifunda ezisenyakatho.
Izinhlobonhlobo zikhule ngempumelelo emazweni amaningi aseRussia - kusukela kuBuban kuya eSiberia, kusukela eMpumalanga Ekude kuya ezindaweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga.
Izici
"Imfihlakalo kaSharov" iyinhlobonhlobo yokuvuthwa kokuqala.
Ukuvuna amajikijolo ayo kuvuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-110 kuphela kusukela ekuqaleni kokuqhuma ukuqhuma. Futhi lapho ukhula ngamagilebhisi ngaphansi kwekhava lefilimu, amajikijolo avuthwa ama-20 noma ngisho nezinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambili.
Ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zasemadolobheni zithela izithelo ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Agasti. Lapho umshini wokuvuna ovuthiwe ungenalo ukuthambekela kwe-pea, futhi amajikijolo ayamelana nokuqhekeka.
Ukuphikisana nokuqhekeka kuhlukaniswa futhi yi-Enjoy the White, u-Anthony the Great no-Ayut Pavlovsky.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa kuya ku -32 ° C ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala. EMoscow, ubusika obumnene ngaphansi kweqhwa ngaphandle kokulimala emvinini.
Inzuzo yezinhlobonhlobo iwukuthi izimpande zawo ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuqhwaza kwenhlabathi ngobusika obukhulu. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-stock resistant frost for hhayi izinhlobo zasebusika-eziqinile.
Enye inzuzo enkulu ebangeni yinduku eqinile futhi encane. Kuyinto evumelana nezimo kangangokuthi uma kwenzeka amaqhwa amaqabunga angakwazi ukuguqula phansi ngaphandle kokushaywa umoya ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphula umvini.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezindaweni ezinebusika obunzima, kunconywa izinhlobo zebusika ezibandayo ebusika ukuze zihliswe ukusuka e-trellis futhi zihlanganiswe ngendwangu yetshani, bese kuthi ngeqhwa.
Izihlahla zamagilebhisi ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu. Ukulayisha izihlahla kumele kube kancane kancane. Ku-sapling oneminyaka elilodwa ubudala, kuhle ukushiya umvini owodwa kuphela.
Ukuba yedwa kuphela, ikhula ngokhuni ngokushesha futhi inika isivuno kulo nyaka. Ngonyaka ozayo, ungashiya ama-inflorescences amabili ehlathini, kanti konke okumele kukhishwe, unyaka ngamunye ukwandisa umthwalo emagqumeni ngama-inflorescences amathathu.
Kuzobhakabhaka ezikhulile kubalulekile ukulinganisa ukuvuna - okungaphezu kwezinhlamvu ezimbili noma ezintathu ezitshalwe emvinini ngamunye. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyakwazi ukuthela isivuno esihle ngokusika izihlahla ezincane, uma kunezinhlobo ezimbili noma ezintathu kuphela emvinini.
Le mfanelo ibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zokulima kwamagilebhisi. Ezimweni zehlobo elifushane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungathola isivuno esihle ngaphandle kwemivini ekhula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlahla esincane siba lula ukuhlala esiqhingini esinzima seqhwa.
Kunconywa ukukhula kwamagilebhisi ekukhanyeni, okungaqiniseki futhi okuvikelwe esakhiweni somoya. Kungcono ukukhetha indawo yesiko kusuka eningizimu naseningizimu.
Ukuzimisela indawo enhle yokutshala kufanele kuthathwe ngokungathí sina, ngoba amahlumela amagilebhisi azokhula futhi athele izithelo kule sayithi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Umfihlakalo we-Sharov" awufaki izidingo ezikhethekile emhlabathini futhi ukhula kahle kunoma yiliphi izwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpande zawo zikhula kuze kube ngu-10 m ubujulileokwenza lesi sitshalo sikwazi ukuzitholela izakhi ngisho nezimo ezimbi. Noma kunjalo, uma utshala izihlahla ezihlukahlukene lezi zinhlobonhlobo, inhlabathi enomswakama, amaxhaphozi kanye nomhlabathi onosawoti kufanele ugwenywe.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Amagilebhisi "Imfihlakalo kaSharov" inezifo ezihlukahlukene ezibhekene nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa ikakhulukazi ubhekene nesifo sengqondo - esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu ezihlahleni zamagilebhisi.
Emaqabunga asitshalo esithintekile, amabala aphuzi amafutha aphuzi, okwathi ngemva kwesikhathi ahlangene ne-mycelium emhlophe, e-fluffy, ehlotshaniswa ne-leaf plate.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, zonke ezinye izingxenye zesitshalo nazo zingathinteka: amahlumela, ama-inflorescences, ama-ovari, ama-tendril kanye namajikijolo avuthiwe. Izithelo eziye zafinyelela ubukhulu be-pea ziba mfubane futhi ziyashesha, zingafaneleki ukusetshenziswa.
Sula - Lesi yisifo se-fungal, i-agent causative esithola umsebenzi wayo esimweni sezulu esishisayo ngokunyuka kwenani lemvula, ukukhula nenkungu. Ukhetha ubusika ezinsalela zezitshalo. Ukuze uvikele amagilebhisi ebukhunjini, okokuqala, izinyathelo ezilandelayo ze-agrotechnical ziyasetshenziswa:
- ukuhlanganiswa kwenduku ngesikhathi esifanele;
- ukucwilisa amahlathi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvunguza kwesivini;
- weeding njalo futhi ukhulule inhlabathi, ukumba phakathi imigqa;
- ukusika izihlahla, ukugcoba, ukucwilisa amaqabunga;
- ukushisa izingxenye ezithintekayo zomvini bese zitshala izidumbu.
Uma kwenzeka izimo ezimbi eziholela ekuthuthukiseni isikhutha, isivini siyaphathwa nge-Bordeaux ingxube kanye namalungiselelo ensimbi. Ukufafaza kokuqala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali, okwesibili - emva kokuphela kwezimbali, kanti okwesithathu - emasontweni amabili noma amathathu.
Izinambuzane ezivamile zamagilebhisi zingumuthi wezinundu, amagilebhisi ama-pruritus, i-phylloxera. Izinyathelo zokulawula izinambuzane:
- I-pruritus yamagilebhisi Ukucubungula izitshalo kwenziwa ngokuya ngesikhathi sokutheleleka. Uma ihlaselwa yizinambuzane ngesikhathi se-dormancy, amahlumela aphethwe yi-Nitrafen (3%) noma i-Dnock (2%), ngaphambi kokuchichima ne-Omaitom, ngemuva kokuchichima ne-Tiovit Jet noma i-colloidal sulfur (1%).
- I-Phylloxera. Ngeshwa, namanje asikho izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokuvikela amagilebhisi kule nkathazo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungalethi izinambuzane esivini kanye nokutshala izinto. Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuzuza ama-saplings avela ezindaweni lapho kukhona ukusakazwa kwe-phylloxera. Kunconywa ukuba ukhule amagilebhisi kumsana we-phylloxero.
- Inundu esengozini. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka okukhulu, isivini siphathwa kathathu: ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali, ngokulungiselela ukulungiselela "Ukufanisa," emva kokuphela kwezimbali bese emva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu - nge "Match" noma "Proclaim".
Kubalulekile - Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi, amagilebhisi angenziwa kuphela nge-potassium permanganate noma isulfure colloidal.
Ngaphezu kwezinambuzane ezinambuzane, izinyoni kanye nezinambuzane ukuthanda ukudla amagilebhisi. Izitha zezimvini zesivini ziqala ukugcoba kuqala, futhi emva kwabo umndeni we-wasp udonsa phezulu, odla amajikijolo asevele ewonakele.
Ekulweni nezinyoni zasebenzisa ama-scarecrows, ama-clappers, amabhola akhanyayo namazwibela ngezwi elithusa. Noma kunjalo, zonke lezi zimfanelo zinomphumela wesikhashana - izinyoni ngokushesha zijwayele ukuzijwayeza.
Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke ibhekwa njengokulwa nomswakama noma isisindo sensimbi, eselulwe phezu kwesihlahla sevini. Izikhwama ezikhethekile, ukufaka amaqoqo amagilebhisi, asebenza kahle ngokumelene nama-wasps, azibonakalise kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyathelo zokulwa nezintambo zihlanganisa ukubhujiswa kwezidleke ze-wasp kanye nokulenga kwesikhumba esimnandi esizungeze isivini.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Imfihlakalo yeSharov" ingenakuzithoba kangangokuthi ngisho nensimu yesimanje izobhekana nokulima kwayo. Into esemqoka ukutshala amagilebhisi endaweni efanele, ukuhlinzeka ngakho konke okukudingayo nokuyivikela ezifweni nasezinambuzane. Futhi ukuvuna amajikijolo amahle amnandi ngeke kuthathe isikhathi eside.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingenakuzithoba nazo kufanele zizinake izipho zika Giovanni, Denisovsky kanye ne-Aleshenkin.
Ividiyo encane mayelana namagilebhisi amnandi "The Mystery of Sharov", bheka ngezansi:
