I-Tonkovka eliphakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukeneyo yizihlobo ezihlukahlukene zasendulo zaseRussia ezivumela.
Kusukela esihlahleni esisodwa kuqoqwe kuze kube ngu-300 kilogram yezithelo. Pear Tonkovetka kungaba ukumelana nokuqhwaza kuze kube ngaphansi kwezingu-60 degrees Celsius, ukuchaza kabanzi ngezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe zezithelo.
Uhlobo luni lwamapheya alubhekisela?
I-grade pear uTonkovetka ibizo layo ngenxa yeziqu ezincane. Ukuhlukahluka kubhekisela kuye ekuqaleni kwehlobo le-fruiting.
Izinhlobo zasehlobo zibandakanya: uLimonka, u-Orel Summer, uVictoria, uRogneda noLel.
Akufanele ukusetshenziselwa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni ngenxa yekhwalithi ephakathi.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-tartness eqinile ne-asidi Ungadli izithelo ezintsha. Kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ukwelashwa okushisa - ukusebenzisa ngendlela efomile noma ekulondolozeni.
Ngenxa yemvelaphi yaso yasendulo, okusetshenziselwa kabanzi emahlathini asekhaya.
Isetshenziselwa ukwenza imishaja, imishaja, i-jelly. Pear Tonkovetka hhayi ezihlukahlukene zekhalori ezihlukahlukene. Amagremu angu-100 womkhiqizo one-42 kcal.
Umthombo wemvelo wamandla amakhulu. Iqukethe ekubunjweni kwayo Inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Izinhlobonhlobo zeTonkovetka yizinhlobonhlobo zasendulo zaseRashiya, ezitholakala ngokusebenzisa ukuhweba lonke. Izinhlobonhlobo zithandwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. I-centralized kulo lonke izwe - Izindawo eziphansi eziseVolga, i-Adygei, Western, Ural naseVolga-Vyatka.
Kwabiwa eSiberia nasenyakatho yebhande eliphakathi kweRussian Federation - ukuya eMoscow, eVeliky Novgorod naseKostroma.
Kuvame ukutholakala emaqeshini asehlobo nasezindaweni zasendle ezingashiywa I-Ukraine, i-Belarus, i-Moldova, i-Estonia, i-Kazakhstan.
Ibanga elihlukahlukene: Krasnobochka.
Ngenxa yalokho ubumnandi obunzima obusikaLezi zinhlobonhlobo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxubha njengomhlinzeki.
Ngenxa ye "Tonkovetka", ngo-1936, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-pear zenziwa "Elegant Efimova"okuthiwa ngemuva umbhali V. A. Efimov.
Izinhlobo zasebusika-ezinamandla nazo ziyizi: Ngesikhumbuzo seZhegalov, iKrasnobkaya, uCarmen, Noyabrskaya no-Autumn Yakovlev.
Incazelo ezihlukahlukene Tonkovetka
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala komuthi nezithelo.
Isihlahla
Izihlahla kakhulu, ngokukhula okuqinile. Ubude, finyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-6. Unomqhele ogcwele ngesimo sephiramidi. Iziqu zincane kakhulu.
Amahlumela obomvu ngethunzi elimnyama. Chechevichek inamba enkulu. Ngesimo sinombhoshongo, sihlangene, umthunzi omkhulu okhanyayo. Ukukhiqiza kwenzeka kwi-stchat kolchatka.
Amahlamvu amancane, ama-emerald shades. Indawo yamaqabunga ajwayelekile kakhulu. Ipuleti leLeaf i-oblate noma iphihliwe, enobuso obushelelezi, ngaphandle kwesifo sofuba.
I-vein ephakathi iqubuke kancane. Iphuzu leqabunga linomkhawulo omfishane omfushane. Isiqu esincane, elonged, pink pink.
Isithelo
Izithelo zincane, isisindo asifinyelele ngaphezu kwama-gramu angu-50-60. Ukuthola isimo se-pear esiyingqayizivele.
Ngombala i-amber-emerald noma i-amber elula. Ngelanga elilodwa, ohlangothini oluvuthwe kahle, i-maroon encane.
Isiqu sivulekile, sihlangene, sigxilile. Imisebenzi yezithelo zalezi ezihlukahlukene ayikho. Indebe inefomu evulekile nevulekile. I-saucer isincane.
Isidleke sembewu sincane, sihlangene. Imbewu ihlukaniswa, umthunzi omnyama.
Pulp i-beige shade, inzima, isomile, i-tart, inomuncu, ne-sweetness kancane kumnandi. Ikhwalithi ye-pulp iphakathi.
Ama-Anthers nama-stigmas asezingeni elifanayo. Ama-pestles avulekile, mahhala.
Isithombe
Izici
Uphatha izinhlobo ezizimele.
Kodwa ukwandisa izivuno, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa impova. Okufanelekile "i-Bergamot Autumn" ne "Bessemyanka."
Isivuno somuthi ifika eminyakeni engu-8 noma engu-11 yokuphila. Ukuthela ozinzile, ophakeme kakhulu.
Izitshalo eziphakeme nazo zingaziqhayisa: Duchess, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Bere Bosk noBere Russkaya.
Ukuvuna ukuqhubeka ekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Kusukela esihlahleni esisodwa kuqoqwe kusuka kuma-250 kuya ku-300 kilogram.
Emagatsheni amapheya amisiwe kahle. Izithelo zesikhukhula zikhulu kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo kukhona ukumelana nesomiso.
Kubalulekile! Imithi yalezi ezihlukahlukene ayidingi indawo yokuhlala ebusika. Ngenxa yokumelana nama-frost, zonke izinhlobo ze-peyria zaseSiberia kanye nenxenye eyinhloko ye-Russian Federation ziphakeme.
Ukumelana ne-Frost kuphezulu kakhulu. Imithi yalezi ezihlukahlukene kungaba ukumelana nokushisa okwedlulele kuze kube ngaphansi kwezingu-60 degrees Celsius.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Inhlabathi ayifuni. Ikhula emhlabathini omile, omnyama, onhlabathi nesihlabathi. Isakazwa yizithombo, ama-cuttings nama-grafts.
Umhlabathi eduze kwamagquma omuthi kufanele ugcinwe kahle. Ukuze lokhu kulungele ukuchelela okuzinzile, ukuxubha ngezinto eziphilayo - humus, peat noma peat compost.
On izihlahla zomuthi ezungeze izihlahla, walungisa I-mulch ibeke ungqimba oluncane lwamamitha angu-7.
Ngomitha owodwa wesigcawu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-humus, i-peat compost noma i-peat ranges kusuka ku-20 kuya kuma-25 kilogram.
Lapho ukuphuza emthini owodwa ushiya kusuka ku-30 kuya ku-50 amalitha amanzi ukushisa ekamelweni.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Eminyakeni yemvula kakhulu ethintekile //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html. Isikebhe sinciphisa ukukhula kwamahlumela. Ukuwa kwamaqanda kanye namaqabunga abathintekayo. I-agent ye-causative ibhekwa njengama-mushroom e-Dothideales. Ngakho-ke Kubalulekile ukwenza ukwelashwa okuvimbela umqhele.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezinso, ezindaweni zokungcola ngokweqile, zikhiqiza sishaye nge-3% ye-Bordeaux ingxube.Uma udala amahlumela futhi ekusetshenzisweni kwesithathu ngemuva kokusila, sebenzisa izidakamizwa "I-Topaz" ne "Horus".
Uma ugula umuthi onesikhumba, kufanele ubambe umqhele wesihlahla. Wonke amaqabunga abathintekile namahlumela asusiwe. Ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwabo ngokuphelele, i-fungus Dothideales bashiswa emlilweni noma bathathwa endaweni ephephile kusuka emasimini athelayo.
Phakathi kwezifo ezivamile ze-pear ukufeza ukuvimbela ukushisa amabhaktheriya nokugqwala.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziphikisana nezifo, isibonelo, uRossoshanskaya Dessert, uLira, Perun, Moskvichka noThumbelina.
Isiphetho Izinhlobo eziphakathi kweTonkovetka zibhekisela ekuqaleni kwehlobo lehlobo lehlobo.
Ngenxa yemvelaphi yaso yasendulo, iyasetshenziswa kakhulu emahlathini okuzenzela.
Ingabe ezihlukahlukene ezivumela ngezithelo eziningi zokhula, kodwa ngekhwalithi ephakathi.
Ngalo frost ukumelana idlulela kuzo zonke izinhlobonhlobo zamapheya. Emvuleni, isikhumba sithintekile kakhulu.
