Ngaphambi kwamakhamera, insimu inqotshwa ukuhlonza izitshalo ne-roses, yilabo kuphela abaqhakaza ebusika lapho zonke izitshalo zilele. Nakuba ukufana kwale mibala emibili kuphela ekubukeni kwabo: ukugcoba nokuma. Kodwa ikhamela yensimu ihluke kwezinye izitshalo zokuhlobisa ezakhiweni ze-agrotechnology; ukutshala nokuzinakekela kuyinto ekhethekile.
Izinhlobo ezinqamule ezinqolobaneni zekamela
Namuhla, phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezilinywa ze-camellias, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezijwayele ukushisa ebusika. Angakhula emhlabathini ovulekile, ngisho nasezindaweni lapho ubusika bunzima kakhulu.
Kuphela, ukuze impumelelo ibe yinto efanele, wena, njengomgadi wensimu, kuzodingeka ukhethe ngokucophelela izimo ezikhulayo futhi unakekele ngokucophelela ikamela. Khona-ke ubuhle bekamela eliqhakazayo lizobuyisela yonke imizamo.
I-Camellia njengezinhlobo zezilwane ihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi ezinhlobonhlobo zamafomu: kusuka ezihlahleni ezincane kuya ezihlahleni ezinkulu.
Kodwa izinhlobo ze-camellia ezinamakhaza ezinamaqabunga zahlonywa amakhulu eminyaka, kanti kuphela kulezi zitshalo zekhulu lama-21 zezitshalo ezaqala ukusakazeka ngobuningi obukhulu, ezingakhula emhlabathini ovulekile ngisho nasebusweni obubandayo. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ezingcono kakhulu ezibandayo zekhameleri zingahlukaniswa:
- "Umnikelo";
- "Debbie";
- "Hagoromo";
- "Freedom Bell";
- "I-General Colletti"
Zonke ziqala ukuqhakaza entwasahlobo, futhi ngisho nasebusika zigcina amahlamvu awo.
Izinhlobo ze-Camellia Umnikelo - kubonakala sengathi iyinkani futhi iyinkimbinkimbi ehlotshisiwe-i-pink ornamental shrub. Amakhemikhali enziwe ngezimbali azungeze ubude afana ne-orchid. Imbali ebubanzi yi-10 cm.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhula kancane, zithethelela izinsizakalo ezincane ekunakekeleni futhi zifanele ngisho nabalimi be-novice noma labo abangenalo ulwazi ekukhuleni kwamakhamera. Umqhele omnyama ohlaza okomnyama ugcizelela ukuhlakazeka okunethezeka kwezimbali ezinkulu ezikhanyayo.
Izinhlobo ze-Camellia Debbie futhi inezimbali ezibomvu-pink, kuphela emgqeni wobuningi ogcwele. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezidlule, u-Debbie ukhula ngokushesha, futhi ukuchichima kwezimbali akusho neze.
Izimbali zincane futhi ziyi-terry ngaphezulu, futhi amacembe ahlangene, kodwa ngokuvamile lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezimbili zifana kakhulu. U-Debbie akesabi uketshezi noma iqhwa elidlulile, akudingi ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuhle kakhulu ukujwayelana nezwe lekhamellias.
Izinhlobo ze-camellia zaseJapane Hagoromo iqhuma amahlumela e-pearl-pink nge-modulations. Kodwa izimbali empeleni ziyi-chameleons. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhakaza, baphenduka abamhlophe.
Leli shrub elihle kakhulu elihlotshisiwe elinamagatsha asele kanye nomqhele okhulu. I-Camellia ikhula kancane kancane futhi ikhuphuka kancane, ihlanganisa kancane kancane ububanzi bomqhele.
Izimbali ze-Camellia Insimbi yenkululeko abe nombala obomvu ngokuchichima kokukhanya kwe-coral nokuthungwa kwe-silky. Lona umsebenzi weqiniso wezobuciko phakathi kwezitshalo, ezihlotshiswe ngeziqhwa ezikhanyayo.
Igatsha le-Freedom Bell linyene kakhulu, ukukhula okuqondile kanye namaqabunga amahle amakhulu amahle. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela izihlahla. Endabeni yokukhwabanisa nokuqothula amahlumela, anganciphisa ngokuphepha.
I-camellia yaseJapane I-colletti ejwayelekile ngokuhluke kakhulu ezihlukahlukene ezidlule nezimbali zayo ezibomvu nezihlukahlukene ezibomvu. Amachashazi amhlophe amhlophe afana nawo. Amabala amhlophe emagumbini akhula njengoba amaqabunga eqhakaza.
Uyazi? Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-10 000 nezinhlobonhlobo ze-camellias ezaziwa.
Indlela yokuthenga isithombo sembewu esitolo
Kungcono ukungathengi izithombo ze-camellia kusengaphambili, kodwa ukuzithenga ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala. Khetha kuphela lezo izithombo okungenani iminyaka emine ubudala. Kumele babe namahlumela anamandla amakhulu.
Uma uthola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-frost, qiniseka ukuthi izindawo zayo zisesitolo. Umphakeli kufanele ahlinzeke ngolwazi olugcwele mayelana nokwenzeka kwamakhamera asezindaweni ezinokushisa kweqhwa kanye ne-frosty nakububanzi bezinga lokushisa elibekezelelwe.
Okushiwo yilokhu ukuthi izilwane ezihlukahlukene, nakuba zingenamakhaza, kodwa isitshalo esithile sezithombo singakhula ezimweni ezinzima zezulu. Futhi lokhu kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ekamellia ebusika bokuqala.
Hlola ukumelana nesithwathwa kwesitshalo ngasinye esithengwa ngokubuza imibuzo eholela kumdayisi / umphakeli.
Ukutshala ikhamela engadini
Ukutshala isitimu i-camellia inesibopho sokukwazi ukuthi iyiphi indawo engcono ukuyihlwanyela, indlela yokuyilondoloza kahle, yimuphi umhlabathi okufanele ube khona, ukuthi ungakanani amanzi, nokuthi yikuphi okumele ukondle. Ukuphila okugcwele kwe-shrub kuqala ngokufika kwawo ezweni elivulekile.
Imigomo yokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile
I-Camellia kufanele itshalwe phakathi komhlaka-20 Ephreli kanye nengxenye yeshumi kaJuni.
Indlela yokukhetha indawo yokufika
Kukhethwa kakhulu yi-camellia, isimo sezulu esisimweni esinomswakama nesimanzi. Ukutshala kwezinye izifunda zesitshalo kufanele uguquke. Ukulima okuqhubekayo kwe-camellia engadini kumele kuqale ngokukhethwa kwendawo evulekile lapho umoya onamandla ungangeni khona.
Uhlangothi olungasempumalanga nokuchayeka njalo kwelanga eliqondile alinamthelela omuhle ekamellia. I-shrub izokhula kahle ngomthunzi okhethekile noma emthunzini ohlala njalo - hhayi nje ebumnyameni.
I-Camellia idinga umoya omuhle kanye nosuku oluncane lokukhanya ukuze wenze amafihlekile. Imifino ye-Camellia ihlelwe ekushiseni kwe-17 kuya ku-20 ° C, futhi iqhuma kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-13 ° C.
Indlela yokulungisa umhlabathi wokutshala izithombo
Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa kwekhamela ensimini kuqala ngqo ngokulungiselela inhlabathi. Umhlaba wegadi wensimu ukhulu kakhulu futhi awuvumeli umoya udlule ngomswakama. Umgadi wensimu kudingeka ukuba ahlele uhlelo lokuhambisa amanzi futhi aqinisekise ukuthi i-acidity yenhlabathi.
Inhlabathi enhle ingalungiswa ngokuzimela. Kwanele ukuxuba umhlabathi we-peat, isanti, i-pine litter kanye namagxolo omhlabathi. Ungathenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo esitolo, okuhloswe ukulimaza ama-azaleas nama-rhododendrons.
Ngokuvame ukutshala i-camellia ezweni. Kule nkinga, udinga ukukhetha isampula yokuhluma. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sisesimweni sokuphumula, futhi ngamandla aqoqwe ngamakhamela kuyoba lula ukudlulisela ukulungiswa kwendawo entsha.
I-shrub kufanele isuswe ngokucophelela kusuka esitsheni, ukugcina izimpande ezinamahloni ziqinile. Uma utshala i-camellia, ungangeni emhlabathini we-collar yayo.
Kodwa ungashiyi uhlelo lwempande seluseduze kakhulu, ngoba kunokwenzeka ukuthi isitshalo sizofa ekuqaleni kweqhwa. Ngemuva kokuphuma kwekhamela, amanzi futhi aphuze kakhulu.
Uyazi? Enye yezinganekwane zasendulo zithi izintombi ezinhle ezivela kuSaturn, ezingazange zithathwe ezinkethweni zonkulunkulu wothando u-Amur, zaphendulwa zibe yi-camellias. Ukuze sikhumbule lokhu, ama-camellias abonakaliswa ngokubandisa nokungahloniphi.
Izici ukunakekelwa kwekhamela ensimini
Naphezu kokulula kwalo, ikhamela engadini idinga ukunakekelwa okuphoqelekile nokufanele njalo.
Ukunisela nokutshala izitshalo
Uma uthele ikamela ngesikhathi sezimbali, qiniseka ukuthi amanzi awiwi amaqabunga noma izimbali. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sidinga hydration ejwayelekile, okudingeka ikhiqizwe kakhulu. Ebusika, ukuqina kokuchelela kufanele kube ngokulinganisiwe.
Kodwa futhi kwenzeka ukuthi ikamela liwisa amaqabunga, futhi ngezinye izikhathi lihluma, kuthiwani? Okokuqala, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala ukuthi inhlabathi ingenakwanela noma ikhule kahle. Okukhiphayo kubonakala - ukujwayelekile kokunisela nokuthuthukisa izinga lokudla.
Kubalulekile! I-Camellia ikhula ensimini, ifuna ukubunjwa kwamanzi kanye nekhwalithi yayo. Ungamanzi isitshalo ngamanzi aqukethe i-lime. Amanzi ahlelekile kahle afanelekile kule njongo.UCamellia udinga ukugqoka okuhle, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, ngenkathi kwakhiwa amahlumela amasha, lapho kuqala isikhathi esisebenzayo sokukhula kwawo. Ukudla kufanele kube sekupheleni kwehlobo kabili ngenyanga.
Kubalulekile! Ngokugqoka akufanele ukwenze ngaphezulu. Isistimu yezimpande ze-camellia ayidingi inani elikhulu lokudla. Kudingeka ukondle isitshalo, kuphela uma umhlabathi ususwe kahle.Ukwethula ukugqoka okudingayo kuphela ngokusekelwe kwendaba ephilayo kanye namanyolo wamaminerali. Zingathengwa kunoma isiphi isitolo esikhethekile ensimini nasensimini. Lapho isikhathi sehlobo sishintshwa ekwindla kanye nokwakheka kwefihlekile ezintsha, ukudla kungenziwa.
Ukwandisa lesi sitshalo kuzoholela ekukhuleni kwawo ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Kulokhu, ikamela elidala lingase lihlupheke kakhulu, futhi le ncane futhi iqhwa nhlobo.
Ukunciphisa nokufakelwa kabusha
I-Camellia kumele ifakwe ngesikhathi sokuphumula, okungukuthi ekuqaleni kokubusika. Kunezikhathi ezimbili ezikhulayo zokukhula kwezitshalo:
- Owokuqala - kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli namasonto amathathu.
- Owesibini - kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kuze kube sekwindla.
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala kabusha ikhamela esigabeni sokukhula kubhekene nemiphumela emibi: isitshalo singasiyeka ukukhula kwayo noma ngisho nokufa.
Ukulondoloza kahle isitshalo esincane, kufanele sitshalwe njalo ngonyaka. Futhi phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, i-camellia idinga ukufakwa endaweni entsha njalo eminyakeni emibili.Ukuze abantu abaningi banamathele amahlumela we-camellia kudingeka badonsa uma befakelwa kabusha. Ukugqugquzela ukwakheka kwezinso kunesidingo sokusika i-camellia phakathi kwekwindla.
I-Camellia ayizithobeki ngokuphathelene nokusika izihlahla, kodwa izinzuzo ziyoba kuphela uma uzilimaza ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokumbali. Uma isihlahla sesinqunyiwe kakhulu, kuzodinga ukunakekelwa okuningiliziwe. I-shrub ethintekile kuzodingeka iyanamanzi kaningi.
Ukulungiselela isihlahla ebusika
Ehlobo, i-camellia ikhula engadini, ngoba ebusika ingaba igumbwe futhi idluliselwe egumbini lokubusika. Londoloza i-shrub kunzima kakhulu, ngoba ukushisa kuyingozi kulesi sitshalo.
Indawo enhle kakhulu yekhamellia yindawo yokufudumala noma yimuphi omunye igumbi elinemibandela efana nokushisa okushisa okubandayo.
Ebusika, i-camellia blooms kakhulu, kodwa lokhu kutholakala kuphela ebusuku izinga lokushisa kwe-0 ... + 5 ° C. Lesi yisici esiyinhloko lapho ingadi ye-camellia ikhula khona kakhulu.
I-Camellia yokuzala ekhaya
I-Camellia ingakwazi ukukhiqiza, njengezinye izitshalo eziningi: imbewu, ukubeka, ukuhlanganiswa nokuxhunyelelwa.
Cuttings
I-Garden camellias yanda kangcono nge-cut-half-cut cuttings esinqunywe eduze no-Agasti. Isiqu kufanele sibe namaqabunga amahlanu, ubude obuyi-8 cm.
Indlela yokuqothula i-camellia? Ukusika kwakhe kufanele kutshalwe esihlabathini noma inhlanganisela yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat ku-1: 1. Ukuphela kokusika kuncibilike ku-phytohormone, okusiza ukushisa kangcono umhlabathi.
Ukushisa kwalo kumele kube ngama-degree angu-25. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isiqu sizoqala izimpande izinyanga ezimbili.
Thatha kuphela izicucu ezinemibala kuphela. Amahlumela abasha abasha alufanelekile ukukhiqiza. I-cuttings enzimpande izitshalwe ezimbizeni ezihlukene.
Imbewu
Indlela yokuzalanisa imbewu ikamela eliphumelela kakhulu. Udinga nini ukutshala imbewu yamakamela? Bavuthwa phakathi nenyanga-ekwindla. Imbewu idinga ukuhlwanyelwa emva kokuvuna, kungenjalo ukuhluma kwabo kuzolahleka masinyane ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamafutha amaningi.
Hlwanyela imbewu inhlanganisela ye-peat nesihlabathi emabhokisini enkuni. Ukukhula kwezithombo kusheshisa ekushiseni kwama-20 ° C futhi kuvela emavikini ambalwa kuya unyaka owodwa. Khona-ke, lapho kubonakala amaqabunga amabili, izithombo zihamba ngezinyawo zibe yizimbiza ezihlukene ezilingana no-7 cm.
I-Camellias, ekhulile kusuka enzalweni, ingcono kakhulu ifanelana nezimo ezinzima futhi ikhule ngokushesha.
Ngokuvamile lesi sitshalo siqhakaza ngonyaka wesihlanu noma wesikhombisa, kodwa izinhlobo ezithile ziqhakaza okwesibini noma kwesithathu.
Uyazi? UCamellias wabonakala e-Europe ngo-1738 ngenxa yomnumzane ongumJesuit uJoseph Camel. Ngokuhlonipha kwakhe, isitshalo saziwa ngokuthi "camellia."
Izinkinga ezivame ukukhula, izifo ezikhona kanye nezinambuzane ze-camellias
Izifo ze-Camellia zingabanjwa futhi zivinjelwe kokubili, into esemqoka ukwazi izindlela zokulawula nokuvimbela.
Indawo ephuzi. Amaqabunga kanye namahlumela esitshalo ngasinye ahlanganiswe nezindawo eziphuzi ezibunjwa ezihlukahlukene. Lesi sifo singenzeka ngenxa yokungahleleki kwezakhi zofuzo, futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
Indlela yokulwa: kudingeka ukuqoqa ngokucophelela amangqamuzana amakhosikazi. Izimila ezinezibonakaliso ezincane kunazo zonke zokutsheka kwephuzi kufanele zisuswe.
Ama-physics. Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezimnyama zesimo esingavamile. Lesi sifo sibonakala njengomphumela wokukhuphuka komswakama kanye nomonakalo wamahlamvu.
Indlela yokulwa: amapheshana amathintekayo kudingeka asuswe. Ukuze ukomile okusheshayo kwesitshalo, umswakama womoya kufanele unciphise. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwebusika, ikamela lidinga ukwelashwa ngelinye lamalungiselelo alandelayo: I-Saporol, i-sulfate yethusi, ingxube yeBordeaux, u-Abiga-Peak.
Weevil-skosar. Lezi zinambuzane zingabonakala ngamaqabunga aqhwaga emaphethelweni. Izimpungushe zalezi zinambuzane ziyingozi nakakhulu kunomuntu omama. Bonakalisa uhlelo lwempande. Zibukeka njengezibungu ezimhlophe ubude obuyi-1 cm nenhloko ensundu.
Indlela yokulwa: yenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ngezinambuzane ze-Basudin ezinqolobaneni, i-Golden Spark, i-Flyer neMedvetok.
Shchitovki nezihlangu zamanga. Zonakalisa amahlumela amancane, futhi phezu kweziqu ziyi-tubercles ebonakalayo yombala wegolide noma obomvu. Izinambuzane zivela nje nje i-otkovyrnut into encane.
Indlela yokulwa: nge-lesion encane, ungakwazi ukuqeda izinambuzane nge-toothbrush. Ngemuva kwalokho, khipha i-swab yesikotini ebhokisini bese usula iziqu. Ifilimu encane ayivumeli umoya, futhi izinambuzane zifa ngokuphefumula. Uma izilonda zingaphezu komhlaba wonke, khona-ke uCamellia udinga ukuphathwa ngezinambuzane. Amafutha anamaminerali afanelekile.
Thrips. Amahlamvu esitshalo kulo lonke indawo athola umbala ongalingani ophuzi obomvu. Ngaphansi kwemaqabunga kukhona ukukhishwa kwamnyama. I-thrips yizinambuzane ezincane ezinama-oblong wombala ophuzi noma obomvu olala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Ziyabonakala lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka futhi umswakama ukwanda. Amaqabunga abathintekile kakhulu asomile futhi awe.
Indlela yokulwa: Udinga ukufaka izicupho ezinamathele aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eduze kwezitshalo. Ukuqeda ngokuphelele izinambuzane, i-camellias ihlanjululwa ngezinambuzane ezibulala izinambuzane Aktara, Aktellik, Fufanon, Fitoverm, Tanrek, Spark, njll. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, ukwelashwa kufanele kuphindwe, njengoba izinambuzane zihamba ngezigaba eziningana zokuthuthukiswa.
I-Mite Amaqabunga aqoshwe ngamachashazi aphuzi, okwedlulela isikhathi eside, ahlaziye futhi asomile. Izibungu ezinesilinganiso se-0.5 mm kuphela zihlala phakathi kwebhubhiso ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Amathikithi avela ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye nomoya owomile.
Indlela yokulwa: Esikhathini sokuqala, ikamela lingelashwa ngesisombululo sesepha noma amafutha ommbiwa. Ngosizo olubanzi kakhulu i-Fitoverm, i-Akarin, i-Vertimek, i-Lightning nabanye.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ze-camellia ezindaweni ezahlukene
Amakamelo ahlanzekile amancane aKamellia ahlanzekile. Izimbali zazo zihle kakhulu zokuhlobisa izindlu namahholo.
Imithi yenziwa kusukela efihlekile namaqabunga e-camellia. Yiyona efihlekile encane esetshenziselwa ukwenza iziphuzo, njengoba zivuthwa.
Amaqabunga amancane namaqabunga e-camellia aqukethe ama-enzyme okwandisa izinqubo zomzimba nokusiza ukususa amafutha amaningi.
Ama-phenolic compounds akhona emaqabeni anethonya lokuqeda futhi aphule lipids. Ngakho, amakholori ambalwa angena emzimbeni. I-decoction yezimpande ze-camellia ithatha isifo sohudo.
Ngesisekelo samafutha avela kuCamellia kwenziwa zonke izimonyo. Isibonelo, izindebe ze-lipsticks ne-camellia amafutha zisetshenziswe ngendlala encane futhi elula. Umhluzi ushiya izinwele zenzeke kakhulu futhi ziluhlaza.
Itiye enempilo nephunga elimnandi lenziwa ngamacembe omisiwe we-camellia. Kungalungiswa ekhaya. Amahlumela amahlanu amaqabunga adinga ukuqoqwa kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSeptemba. Zibekwe phezu kwepulangwe bese ziphela ngesigamu sosuku.
Bese ugxiliswe ngamatayipi bese usakazeka ngethawula elimanzi ngobukhulu obuyi-7 cm bese ushiya amahora amahlanu. Lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuhogela futhi abe obomvu obomvu, adingeka ukuba omiswe kuhhavini ku-50 ° C. I-tea ingahle yenziwe.
E-China, i-camellia ishiya ukwelashwa kwesisu, uphulukise amanxeba, ukuphazamiseka kwesisu okuzolile, ukwelapha isifo sengculaza, isithuthwane nesifo segazi. Usizo oluhle ngokukhathala.
Ngenxa yezindawo ezinamathelisi nezinkanyezi ze-camellia izimbali, ama-hemorrhoids angaphumelela futhi angaphathwa kabi. I-decoction yezimbali imisa ukuphuma kwangaphakathi nangaphandle.
Kubalulekile! Qinisekisa ukuthi ulandela umthamo, uthatha izinto ze-Camellia ezimbi njenge-agent yokwelapha.Futhi ekugcineni, ngingathanda ukuqonda umbuzo owodwa owodwa: uthini imbali yekamela?
Kwase kuyisikhathi eside, ikamela laliyi-"samurai flower". Только представители этого сословия могли выращивать камелии и украшать ими одежду. Но в 15 веке внезапно возникло такое поверье, что самурай, прикоснувшийся к камелии, будет неминуемо обезглавлен. Объясняется это просто.I-camellia flower enqanyuliwe ayiqhubeki lapho ihlasela phansi, futhi iphutha elihlangene lamaJapane lenezela imibala yalo.
Esikhathini esidala, ngokwesiko seShinto, ikamela laliyisibonakaliso sodumokazi welanga u-Amaterasu, kamuva - uJesu, ngokufika kobuKristu. Namuhla ikhamela ibonisa ukuqina nokuphila isikhathi eside.
