I-Currant iyi-shrub enamagatsha emndenini wokugcoba. Inqubo yokutshala nokunakekela amajikijolo kudinga ulwazi oluthile namakhono. Kulesi sihloko sizobuka indlela yokutshala ama-currants entwasahlobo, kanye nokunikeza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuqondisa isenzo.
Lapho ukutshala
Ukwindla kwasekuseni yisikhathi esihle sokutshala ama-currants, kusukela ebusika umhlabathi ujikeleze amahlumela ase-bush and thickens, okubangela ukuthuthukiswa okungcono kweberry. Abalimi abaningi batshala izihlahla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuze ugweme ukukhanda uhlelo lwempande futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukubhujiswa kwehlathi.
Uyazi? I-Currant inamandla kakhulu futhi ayizithobeki. Akukhulumi kuphela kumazwekazi amabili - i-Australia ne-Antarctica.
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika
Yonke insimu kufanele icabange ngokucophelela ngokubekwa kwesikhashana se-currant. Indawo kumele ihlelwe kahle, futhi umhlaba kufanele uhlangabezane nemigomo edingekayo ngezansi.
Funda mayelana nezinkinga ze-currants ezimnyama, ezimhlophe nezibomvu ezikhulayo.
Ukukhanyisa
Ukuba nomhle ukukhanyisa nokuswakama okulinganiselayo - I-criteria eyinhloko yokukhetha isayithi lokutshala ama-currants emhlabathini ovulekile. Uma entwasahlobo i-berry etshalwe endaweni emanzi kakhulu, izihlahla zizogonywa ngesifo sofungal, ziyokhula kancane futhi zihlume kabi. Ukuthungwa kuyadingeka kulesi sitshalo, kodwa ukusondela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuyathinta ukukhula kwezithelo.
Lesi sitshalo sithanda ilanga, kodwa sibekezelela umthunzi okhethekile. I-currant emnyama ayikhetho encane kunomhlophe futhi ibomvu, ingahlwanyelwa ezindaweni ezithuthumayo zensimu noma engadini.
Ngokuvamile ama-currants atshalwa eceleni kocingo, lapho kungekho khona imimoya eqinile nezimo ezihle zendawo yayo. Indawo ekhethiwe kufanele ibe bushelelezi, ngaphandle kokudonsa okujulile. Ukwenza lokhu, bamba umhlaba nomhlaba.
Uhlobo lomhlabathi
Ukutshala ukhethe inhlabathi engeyona acidikhi ecebile e-humus futhi ephefumula. I-acidity yenhlabathi incike ekutheni inani lekhayi kulo. Uma i-lime ayanele, umhlaba uyaba namandla, futhi isitshalo siyosinda kakhulu kabi.
Kubalulekile! Ubuningi be-acid bungalinganiswa ngeviniga. Ngezinto ezimbalwa zomhlaba udinga ukuthulula amaconsi ambalwa emali. Uma umhlaba uphazamisa, inhlabathi ayithathi hlangothi futhi ayinayo i-acidic, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukutshala. Uma kungekho ukusabela kuviniga, inhlabathi ine-asidi ephezulu.Ukuze unciphise izinga le-acidity yomhlaba, ungangeza (ngokuzikhethela):
- umgodi womhlabathi;
- umlotha wokhuni;
- i-lime, iboshwe ngamanzi;
- ufulawa wama dolorite.
Cuttings noma izitshalo ngomumo?
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokutshala ama-currants:
- ukutshala izithombo;
- ukutshala ama-cuttings.
- Ingentwasahlobo ingabanda futhi isitshalo sizofa;
- izithombo azitholakali;
- izinhlobonhlobo zingase zingabi nezimpande futhi zingatheli izithelo;
- uhlelo lwempande lungalimala noma lungenwe igciwane, amahlamvu angase abe nenkinga efanayo.
Sandisa i-currants ngokusika
Abalimi abaningi bafuna ukuhluma ama-currants ngama-cuttings, kodwa abaningi babo abazi ukuthi bangawahlwanyela kanjani kahle. Inhlanzi yasekuseni yisikhathi esihle ngezinhloso ezinjalo, ngoba amaqabunga ayenzela indlela futhi angakafiki ekukhuleni. Uma uhlaza seluqhakaze, bese uwasika ngokungenangqondo, amaqabunga azokhipha yonke ijusi, futhi ukusika ngaphandle kwezimpande ngeke ukwazi ukondla lonke udoti futhi uzofa.
Funda mayelana nendlela yokuvikela ama-currants ezifweni (isikhumba se-powdery, u-rust) kanye nezinambuzane (aphids).
Ukulondoloza
Ngomvini oneminyaka eyisikhombisa, sinciphisa ingxenye ye-stem, amaqabunga aqala ukuhluma, okungenani ama-5-8 mm ubukhulu, 12-15 cm phezulu. Ama-stalk aphansi futhi aphansi akhipha ijusi elincane, ama-buds ngeke athole ukondleka okwanele futhi azokoma.
Kubalulekile! Ukunquma iminyaka yobuvini kuzosiza umbala wayo. Amagatsha wonyaka anomthunzi we-yellow beige. Omdala igatsha, umbala omnyama.Sinqume isitshalo sokuvuna ngokulinganayo (ngaphandle kwemithambeka) ngo-2-3 cm, ngeke sidinge le ngxenye yomsebenzi wokusebenza, sinciphisa phansi ngokukhululekile ukutshala ngokukhululekile emhlabathini.
Ukuqothula
Ama-cuttings wezitshalo endaweni eyi-10 cm komunye nomunye no-40-45 cm phakathi kwemigqa. Ngemuva kokuthi sithathe ifilimu (amathoni amnyama) futhi siyinqume zibe izingxenye, esiyibeke emaceleni omabili eceleni kwe-cuttings.
Amalunga aphakathi kwefilimu ne-cuttings ahlanganiswe nomhlaba (ukuze ungawuphanga ifilimu futhi uyisebenzise kabusha). Ngenxa yokushisa okunjalo, umhlaba uhlale uvutha futhi unomswakama, futhi izimpande zigxile futhi zigxilile ngokushesha.
Ukufika
Ukutshala ama-currant cuttings kudingeka ukwazi ama-nuances, njenge:
- Ukuphuma kuyenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo;
- i-angle yokufika kufanele ibe ngama-degree angu-45;
- le filimu kumele icindezeleke kakhulu emhlabathini, lokhu kuvimbela ukukhula kokhula futhi kwakha i-condensate ezokwehlisa phansi.
Uyazi? I-Russia iqala kuqala ekutshalweni kwe-currants. Ngokusho kwe-Wikipedia, ukuvunwa kwamajikijolo kuleli lizwe cishe ngamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-431.5.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-currants ezilungisiwe
Ukutshala izithombo ze-currant, kanye nokusika, kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kweqhwa. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi igcwele i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Kungcono ukuvimbela othintana nesitshalo nomanyolo, izimpande zingashiswa. Ukugwema imiphumela enjalo, umanyolo ofafazwe umhlaba.
Kubalulekile! Inhlabathi efanele yomanyolo iresiphi: 1 isikwele. Umhlabathi udinga ibhakede elilodwa lama-humus, 200 g we-superphosphate no-50 g we-potassium sulfate.Ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla kufanele libe ngamamitha amabili (lapho izitshalo zikhula, kuzoba lula ukuzinakekela, futhi isivuno sizoba sikhulu). Ibanga eliphakanyisiwe phakathi kwezithombo liyi-1 imitha. Ukukhiqiza i-currants ukukhiqiza okulandelayo:
- isithombo sibekwe emgodini, ngezinga elingama-degree ama-45, kuya ku-10-12 cm;
- lungisa izimpande (ukusika nokususa izindawo ezonakalisiwe);
- elimbozwe umhlaba, kancane kancane lihlanganiswe ukuze ligcwalise ama-void phakathi kwezimpande. Ngentwasahlobo, umoya wezulu uzoba mncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukuba udonsa inhlabathi ngamandla.
Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kudla ngesikhathi, ukusika izihlahla, ukuvikela izifo nezinambuzane, ukulungiselela ubusika ekwindla.
Imithetho yokuguqula
Kubalulekile ukutshala isitshalo ngesikhathi sokulala, lokhu kungasekupheleni kwekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuze lesi sitshalo sihlale singcono, sidinga ukukhethwa ebangeni elide ukuze sigcine izimpande ezincane (50-60 cm kusuka esihlahleni). Ukumba ehlathini, udinga ukujula kancane kancane, ukuze ungalimazi izimpande ezincane. Ngemuva kwalokho, gxuma impande yomhlaba owandayo.
Inqubo yokufakelwa iqukethe izigaba eziningana:
- sikhetha indawo yokufika ngokubheka izincomo ezingenhla;
- sifuna imbobo eyi-70-80 cm ejulile;
- phansi kwe-chernozem ihlanganiswe nomanyolo;
- sifaka isihlahla phakathi emgodini bese sikumboza ngomhlaba;
- inqwaba ezungeza isihlahla idinga ukunqama;
- manisela ngamanzi amanzi okutshala. I-Currants ithanda amanzi emvula.
I-Currant iyi-berry ecebile, ethandekayo, e-vithamini ecebile, engadliwa ngisho nasesimweni sayo esingakafiki. Amajikijolo angenalutho anamavithamini C asebenza ngokuphindwe kane, okuqinisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela futhi avikele izifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngisho nomlimi we-novice uzokwazi ukufunda ukuthi angakhula kanjani futhi asakaze isivuno esinjalo njenge-currants.
