Abalimi abaningi nabalimi bakholelwa ukuthi isambulela kanye nezitshalo eziluhlaza akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile - kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela imbewu kanti isivuno sizovela ngokwayo. Nokho, kokubili i-dill ne-izaqathe, futhi isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sithinta izifo nezinambuzane. Uma uqaphele amaqabunga aphuzi, ungasheshi ukufinyelela iziphetho, kungcono ukucabangela izimpawu bese unquma imbangela. Ukuqashelwa okwesikhashana kuzosusa lesi sifo embungu bese kuvikela ukusabalala kwayo.
I-celery ingagula kanjani?
Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi (igama lesiLatin elithi Apium) - isitshalo somndeni wesambulela. Isitshalo esivame kakhulu isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi. Lezi zitshalo zikhula e-Hindustan, emazweni ase-Asia, e-Afrika, eMelika, ekhetha indawo enomswakama okwanele wokuphila. Ekhaya, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi (iMedithera) nanamuhla ungathola izinhlobo zasendle zalesi sitshalo.
Uyazi? Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sisetshenziswe isikhathi eside: eGreece sakhulile ngokukhethekile futhi sidla kuphela ama-leaf stalks kuphela. Futhi eGibhithe naseMbusweni wamaRoma, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sasetshenziselwa ukwenza amathanga emathuneni, futhi abahambayo babekhunjulwa ngokudla okulungiselelwe ngesisekelo.
Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi singathinteka yizifo:
- Cercospora Ngokuvamile ukuthelela izitshalo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kanye nokugcina izithombo. Zonke izitho ezingenhla zithintekile. I-Churcosporosis izalwa ezitshalweni, bese iya ezitshalweni zabantu abadala. Izimpawu: izindawo ezingavamile noma ezizungezile zivela eshadini, ekugcineni ziba nsomi.
- I-Septoria. Ithinta ama-stalks, iziqu, amaqabunga. Izimpawu: amabala, ama-chlorotic noma ama-yellow-chlorotic avela esilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, okugcina agqamile phakathi, futhi umngcele omnyama uvela. Imiphumela - amaqabunga ama-curl asomile, ama-stalks amancane aphumele ngaphandle futhi abe buthaka.
- Idonsa likaMealy. Kungathinta isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ezindaweni zombili ezivulekile nezivikelwe. Lithinta zonke izingxenye ezingenhla ezingenhla, ikakhulukazi wonke amaqabunga. Kuboniswa ukuqhakaza okumhlophe, okwamuva okuba i-mealy enezintambo ezimnyama. Ngokutheleleka okukhulu, isikhumba se-powdery sithinta izinhlangothi zombili zeqabunga, iziqu kanye nama-petioles, ama-celery rots.
- Fomoz. Ithinta isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi esivele esitoreji Le mushroom idluliselwa kanye nembewu. Ithinta izingxenye zomhlaba ezingenhla nangaphansi komhlaba. Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwe-fomoz ukuthi iphuzu eliphezulu le-seedling lithintwa, kanti i-fungus ihamba phambili ekugcineni. Lesi sitshalo sinciphisa ukukhula, amaqabunga aphuzi, athola umbala obomvu noma obomvu phansi, i-petioles break.
Indlela yokuphulukisa isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi
Umthombo we-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (okuthiwa ukubola okumhlophe) ungumhlabathi ongcolisiwe. Ukubola okumhlophe kuvela emhlabeni ocebile, we-nitrogen ocebile esimweni sepholile, esimanzi noma ngesikhathi sokugcina.
Isici esihlukile - i-patina emhlophe (i-mycelium) ivela esilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, lapho i-sclerotia emnyama ye-fungus eqhubeka khona. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indwangu iba yinto encane, iphenduka isundu, futhi izitshalo zempande yezitshalo.
Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela:
- Umhlabathi omuncu udinga ukuba yi-lime;
- Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, umhlabathi kufanele ube ne-disinfected;
- Kusukela emibhedeni yezitshalo ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukususa zonke izinsalela zezitshalo nokhula;
- Ukuphumula okuhle kokugcina isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kuzokwehlisa ingozi yokusakaza i-sclerotinia.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokugcina le powder, powder isitsha nge choki. Izilimo eziyizigaxa eziphilile kuphela zingashiywa ukuze zigcinwe. Hlola izimpande zidinga zonke izinsuku ezingu-10. Isimo sokugcina esiphezulu singu-0- + 2 ° ะก enomoya umswakama we-90-95%.
Kuthiwani uma isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi esagula, ukugqwala emaqabunga
Amaqabunga esilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi angase avele ekhandi ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngamapayipi abomvu obomvu ngaphansi kweqabunga lamaqabunga kanye nama-petioles, okugcina ekugcineni abe amabala ahlaza, futhi ekwindla abakha i-sporulation ebomvu eqhubekayo.
Ukuthinta amaqabunga ukushisa kuphuzi futhi kumile, ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka, kanye nama-petioles alahlekelwa isethulo kanye nezakhiwo eziwusizo (njengoba kwaziwa emithi yendabuko, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi isetshenziselwa izifo zesigubhu esisemathunjini kanye ne-urolithiasis).
Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela:
- Hlwanyela (ukutshala) isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ngesikhathi esiphezulu;
- Ukuze uvimbele izitshalo zokufiphaza ngezindlela eziphilayo zokuvikela (i-Fitosporin, i-Baktofit).
Kungani amaqabunga e-celery anezindawo ezimhlophe, izindlela zokwelapha isitshalo se-septoria
Ukushiswa kwesikhathi eside (septorioz) kuthinta isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngezindawo eziningi ezincane eziphuzi emaqabunga futhi zibomvu-brown, oblong, njengokungathi zikhona izindawo ezinama-petioles. Amaqabunga abathintekayo aphikisana futhi anomile, ama-stalks aphule.
I-agent causative ye-septoria igcinwa ezitshalweni zezitshalo emhlabathini kanye nembewu kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu. Isebenza emoyeni abandayo nasezimvula.
Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela:
Ngaphambi kokutshala, cwelisa imbewu (ukwelashwa lokushisa kuma-48 ° C imizuzu engama-30); Qaphela ukujikeleza kwezitshalo; Ungashiyi izinsalela zezitshalo nokhula emibhedeni - kungcono ukubhubhisa; Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka okukhulu, i-spray celery enekhambi lika-Fundazole noma i-Topsina-M (kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-20 ngaphambi kokuvuna).
Okufanele ukwenze uma isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sishaya i-mosaic i-cucumber
Loluhlobo lwesifo luyingozi ngokwemvelo. Kuncike ekutheni uhlobo lomklamo we-cucumber luthinta isivuno sempande, izindandatho ezinkulu noma izindandatho ezincane zivela phezulu kwesitshalo, lesi sitshalo sinciphisa ukukhula kwayo.
Ngokushesha ususe izitshalo ezithathelwanayo kusuka embhedeni engadini. Njengoba izinhlobo ze-viral zesifo zingelapheki, ngenhloso yokuvimbela kuyadingeka ukulwa nabathwali be-virus - ama-aphid nama-ticks.
Indlela yokuphulukisa amapheshana
I-Cercosporosis (ukushisa kokuqala) ingazibonakalisa ngokwezimo ezipholile, ezimanzi ngokushintsha okungazelelwe ekushiseni.
Emaqabunga esilimo esidliwayo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi avela amabala amaningi okuzungeza (cishe ngo-5 mm ububanzi) enemiphakathi ephakathi nendawo emnyama. Ema-petioles ukushiswa okuqala kubonakala sengathi kufana nezindawo ezima-oblong. Ukwanda komswakama wendawo kuhlanganiswa ukuhlaselwa ngumthunzi we-violet. Inqubo yokuthuthukisa amaqabunga wezifo kanye nama-petioles asomile.
Ukuze balwe ne-cercosporosis, basebenzisa izindlela ezifana no-septoria.
Ukuqothula amaqabunga - okufanele ukwenze esimweni esinjalo
I-fungumane yokugqwala iyatholakala kalula kwisilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ngokusebenzisa izinqwaba zezinhlamvu eziphuzi, ezibomvu, ezibomvu nezimnyama. Imbewu ye-fungus yenziwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba samaqabunga, futhi uma iphula, ukutheleleka kusakazeka phakathi nonyaka okhulayo.
Ukuze uvikele isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kuleso sifo, ukutshala kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinto zokwelapha kuphela, nokubhubhisa ngokuphelele izitshalo ezitholakale ziwugqwala.
Indlela yokuvikela isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kusuka esikhaleni
Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sithinta isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi endaweni ebandayo nasemanzini. Kubonakala ngezindawo ezibomvu ezimpandeni zesitshalo. Esikhathini sokuthuthukisa lesi sifo, ukuqubuka kwezinhlanzi nama-flakes.
Ukuvimbela isifo sofuba, akufanele uphinde utshale isilimo esidliwayo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi endaweni eyodwa - thatha iminyaka embalwa.
Ukuze uthole ukuvunwa okuhle kwesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, kubalulekile ukufeza ukuvimbela izifo.
Izinambuzane ezinkulu ze-celery
Imifino ibangela umonakalo omkhulu ezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, ngezinye izikhathi ngokomzimba ukuphulukisa isivuno esizayo.
Indlela yokubhekana nesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi fly
I-Borschevichnaya boravnitsa (i-celery fly) - inambuzane yombala obomvu obomvu obungu-4-6 mm ubude. Ibeka ngaphansi kwesikhumba samaqabunga amhlophe ama-oval, lapho kukhona izimpungushe eziluhlaza ezingenamthetho.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ubone amaqanda ezinambuzane ngokubheka amaqabunga kuya emaceleni okukhanya - abonakalayo abonakalayo abonakalayo. Izimpungushe ezithwetshiwe zenza amavesi abe ngamabala asundu emagqabeni amaqabunga. Ngokutheleleka okuqinile, lesi sitshalo soma.
Izindlela zomzabalazo:
- Ukunamathela ngokuqinile ekujikelezeni kwezitshalo (ukuhlwanyela isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi endaweni eyodwa kanye nokuphumula kweminyaka engu-3-4);
- Ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwokhula kanye nezinsalela zezitshalo endaweni;
- Ukushisa ukushisa kwama-chemical kanye namakhemikhali ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
Uyazi? Izitshalo zesilimo esidliwayo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi zithinteka kakhulu yi-fly celery fly, kanti indawo ye-anyanisi izobasekela.
Yini engozini isanqante listobloshka
Ngaphandle, i-leafblock iyinambuzane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enomzimba ophethe ubude bomzimba ka-1.7-1 mm. Izibungu ezikhukhulayo ziyizicabha, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-overwinter emithini ye-coniferous futhi entwasahlobo ishukunyiselwa esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi.
Izinambuzane ezindala nezimpungushe ziyamunca amaqabunga amaqabunga, ngenxa yalokho amaqabunga ama-curl, ama-petioles anciphisa, isitshalo singavinjelwe futhi isivuno siyanciphisa kakhulu. Ukuphakama komsebenzi wamapheshana kuyi-Juni-Julayi. Izitshalo zomsuka ezikhulayo ezindaweni eziseduze namahlathi asepinezi zihlupheka kakhulu.
Izindlela zokulwa nesanqante fly
Lezi zinambuzane ezihlala ezinhlabathini, zivuka entwasahlobo futhi zibeka izitshalo ezimhlophe amaqanda amhlophe. I izibungu ezabonakala kamuva umonakalo esiliva esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi.
Izimpawu zokunqotshwa: Amahlamvu abe abomvu, ama-wilts entshonalanga aphenduke aphuzi, agwetshwe ezimpandeni.
Ukuze silwe nesanqante fly, kubalulekile ukuba ukhula ngesikhathi, feed futhi ukhulule inhlabathi. Ukuze uthole i-prophylaxis, ekuqaleni kukaJuni futhi ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ngezikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-7, ufafaze inhlanganisela yesihlabathi kanye nofulawa ogwayi phakathi kwemibhede. Isihlabathi singashintshwa ngesinaphi esomile.
Indlela yokubhekana nama-aphid ebhontshisi ngesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi
I-aphid ye-bean (i-Aphis fabae) yiyona emele kakhulu kulolu hlobo. Ikhula ngokushesha - sonke isizukulwane ezinsukwini ezingu-14.
Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zokubukeka kwe-aphid ngesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, lesi sitshalo sihlanjululwa nge-infusions kanye ne-decoctions ye-yarrow, i-dandelion, iziqongweni zamazambane, utamatisi. Ungasebenzisa ukukhipha amanzi kwamapelisi e-citrus (ingxenye eyi-1 ama-peels ngezinxenye ezingu-10 zamanzi), engakwazi ukumelana nezinsuku ezingu-3-5.
Ukuvimbela ukhula nokutshala izidakamizwa udinga ukususa okwesikhashana ensimini bese uqhuba ukumba ngokujulile kusayithi.
Kubalulekile! Ukuzaliswa kwama-aphid ebhontshisi kuzophazamisa umakhelwane we-thyme ne-nasturtium.
Impi yokuvuna ihilela umsebenzi wansuku zonke, kufaka phakathi imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Ngithemba ukuthi ulwazi olunikezwe kulesi sihloko luzosiza ukuvikela isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi esithwetshiwe ezifweni nasezinambuzane.
