Wonke umuntu okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe, ikakhulukazi esemncane, amatshe angcwatshwe emhlabathini. Esikhathini kwakukhona ulamula, ama-orang, ama-apula. Bahluma amahlumela, okwanikeza amaqabunga ambalwa. Kodwa emva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, ukubola noma isihlahla sakhula ngamahlamvu egcwele, okwakungapheli lutho. Uyazi ukuthi ungakhulisa kanjani i-apricot kusuka kwelitshe ekhaya? Mhlawumbe uzame ukukwenza kanye, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwakho kwehlulekile. Ngakho-ke lokhu kutholakala kuwe. Uma ungakaze uzame, khona-ke lesi sihloko sizophinde sibe nesithakazelo kuwe: uzofunda ukuthi yini okudingeka uyenze ukuze ukhule umuthi we-apricot onempilo futhi onenzalo.
Ukukhethwa nokulungiselela ukutshala izinto
Udinga ukukhulisa i-apricot esitheni somuthi okhula endaweni yakho. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuzithola, kufanele ulandele ukutshala izinto ezivela kubalimi abahlala ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zezulu. Ama-apricot akhula lapho akhule ngokwanele futhi azosinda kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu nasezindaweni zonke zezwe. Inketho yesithathu ukushiya itshe elivela ezithengweni ezithengwa emakethe noma esitolo. Ungathathi izinhlobo zamazwe angaphandle, njengoba zizoba nzima kakhulu ukukhula.
Kubalulekile! Khetha ukukhiqiza kuphela ama-apricot amahle kakhulu. Kumele kube ngaphezulu kakhulu futhi kube ne-pulp ehlukanisiwe kahle.
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu ye-apricot, kufanele ihlanzwe kahle futhi imiswe endaweni emnyama. Akufanele batshalwe emabhodini, ngoba kufanele bahlolwe "ukuqeqeshwa ngokulwa." Izithombo ezizotshalwa ekhaya, zife ngokushesha lapho kuqala isithwathwa sokuqala, uma usufaka endaweni evulekile. Kodwa akufanele sithembele ukuthi zonke izithombo ziyokhula embhedeni, njengoba ubusika buzoshiya kuphela okunamandla kakhulu futhi okunamandla kakhulu. Kodwa uma i-apricot itshalwe kusukela etsheni ekwindla, iningi lazo lizodliwa ngamagundane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimo ezingcono kakhulu zokutshala zizoba phakathi kwekwindla, lapho umhlaba ungakaqhwa okwamanje, noma phakathi nonyaka.Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu ye-apricot ekwindla, badinga ukugcwaliswa ngamanzi usuku. Le ndlela izokwenza kucacise ukuthi yiziphi ezingalungile futhi ezingekho, njengoba izinga eliphansi lizovela. Amatshe okuthatha kufanele atshalwe emathangeni amasentimitha ayisithupha ejulile futhi ebangeni ngalinye amasentimitha ayishumi. Ukuze umphumela uhlangabezane nokulindela kwakho, ama-trenches adinga ukujula kancane, futhi ingxube yomhlaba, utshani, i-humus nesihlabathi kufanele ibekwe phansi. Kunconywa futhi ukuthi uqule amathambo avela phezulu ngenhla nohlaza. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, i-apricot ephuma kulo itshe iyoba nzima kokwemvelo, futhi entwasahlobo izokhipha ithenda yokuqala.
Uma uphinde uhlehlise ukufika ngesikhathi sokusahlobo, amathambo kufanele ahlaliswe. Zingafakwa ebhokisini le-sandbox futhi zifriji lonke ubusika. Ungathatha amathambo omisiwe phakathi kukaMashi bese uwafaka emanzini izinsuku ezintathu, okudingeka ukuthi ushintshwe nsuku zonke. Ngemuva kokuthi izinto zokufika zidingekile ukuba zibeke enhlabathini emanzini futhi zibeke emiphongolweni. Ngo-Ephreli, amathambo angahlwanyelwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngokushesha uma isimo sezulu sivumela.
Uyazi? Ngokuba okokuqala ama-apricot akhulunywa kumarekhodi ka-4000 BC. Indawo yakithi yalesi sihlahla i-Armenia noma iChina. Ngemva kokuvela ePheresiya naseMedithera. KuGrisi lesi sithelo ulethwe U-Alexander waseMakedon. Ukusuka lapha waqala ukusakazwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Yisiphi isihlabathi esifanele ama-apricot?
Inhlabathi engcono kakhulu yokuhlwanyela imbewu yamabhiliksi i-loamy noma i-loamy kancane. I-carbonate ephansi nayo iyafaneleka. Inani le-pH kufanele libe phakathi kuka-7 no-8. Kodwa ungasebenzisa enye inhlabathi. Into eyinhloko ukuthi banokuthungwa okulula, akunawo usawoti onobuthi futhi banamathele kakhulu.
Inhlabathi kumele ibe nezindawo ezinhle zokuphuza umoya nezitsha. Ama-apricot abekezelela izikhathi ezinomile, kodwa lapho emanzi, inhlabathi ikhula ngokuphawulekayo futhi inika isivuno esihle. Iplanethi yokuhlwanyela i-apricot akufanele ibe khona ezindaweni eziphansi. Njengoba kunomoya obandayo obandayo, ongathinta kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezitshalo.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela kufanele wenziwe kusengaphambili. Uhlaka olungezansi lomhlaba kufanele lube ngamanzi kusukela ekuhlahleni, okuvela phezulu kufanele lufafazwe ngamaminerali, ama-humeral kanye nama-nitrate ammonium. Ukuze uvimbele ukushisa kwezimpande, udinga ukulungisa udoti kusengaphambili. Zigcwele izimpande ngendlela yokuthi azikho ukuthintana nama-fertilizer. Amahlumela ama-apricot adingeka ukuthi atshalwe endaweni encane, izimpande kumele zibe yimpuphu kuze kube entanyeni yesitshalo. Ngalesi sondlo yenza umgodlana omncane, okudingeka ugcwalise amabhakede amabili amanzi. Amanye ama-apricot ezitshalo ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze athole ukushisa emhlabathini. Ukwenza lokhu, lungisa amagatsha ekhoneni lokungenani ama-degree angama-45.
Ukutshala amathambo ekwindla sekwephuzile (stratification yemvelo)
Uma amathambo awahlelwe ukuba atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ngokushesha, khona-ke agcinwa kuze kufike ekwindla. Kufanele zitshalwe ekwindla sekwephuzile lapho kuqala ama-frosts okuqala. Ukutshala ithambo lika-apricot ekwindla kufanele lenziwe ngemuva kokuqedwa kwemvelo. Wonke amathambo afakwa emanzini futhi ashiye kuphela labo abekwe phansi. Okulandelayo, lungisa umsele ekujuleni kwe-bayonet ye-spade. Spread humus, chernozem, utshani nesihlabathi ngezansi. Uma ihlala emamitha amamitha amahlanu, ungabeka amatshe e-apricot. Ukumboza ngotshani nama-humus avela ngenhla, kodwa awukwazi ukwenza lokhu, ngoba udinga ukuqina futhi ubone izitshalo eziningi kakhulu zasebusika. Ngo-May, izithombo ezikhulile kakade zizobonakala. Izitshalo ezincane ezengeziwe kudingeka zibhekwe ngokucophelela, zivikele kuzo ezinambuzane kuze kufike ekwindla, kuze kufike ukufakelwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Uyazi? Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili zama-apricot. I-rarest isomnyama. Kubonakala ngenxa yesikhumba se-apricot ne-cherry plum.
Ukutshala amathambo entwasahlobo (ukuchithwa kokufakelwa)
Ungaqala ukukhuphula amabhilikosi phakathi nonyaka ka-Ephreli. Ukuze imbewu ilungiselelwe kahle ukuhlwanyela kwentwasahlobo, ekupheleni kukaJanuwari kufanele ifakwe emabhokisini noma emathanjeni okugeleza ngehlabathi elimanzi. Futhi kungcono ukukopisha ensimini emhlabathini, okuyinto ivunguza, kuze kube entwasahlobo. Kulokhu, ukukhishwa kwama-apricot kernels kuyomvelo kakhulu. Uma ungafuni ngempela ukungcola ensimini ebusika, ungafaka la mabhokisi phansi noma esiqandisini, lapho izinga lokushisa lingagcinwa ngaphezu kwamadigridi amabili. Kule fomu, kumele igcinwe kuze kube sehlobo, bese ihlola umswakama wesihlabathi. Ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, amathambo asetshenziselwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngendlela efanayo nangokwakheka kwekwindla.
Ukunakekela amahlumela ahlumekile
Njengoba usuvele ukwazi ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-apricot, manje amahlumela okuqala azodinga ukuvikelwa ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ngezinyoni, izinambuzane kanye namagundane. Amahlumela ama-tender ayizintandokazi zabo eziyintandokazi, ngoba anezakhi eziningi kakhulu nensada yamavithamini. Kukhona indlela enhle yokuvikela amahlumela ngokuwamboza ngamabhodlela epulasitiki angama-litre amabili. Ngenxa yalokhu, othile usika kuphela phansi kwebhokisi embuthanweni, omunye umuntu nentamo. Ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono, udinga nje ukuzama. Ingxenye yendawo yokukhosela yenza indlela yokuqala, okunye - okwesibili. Bese unakekela ama-apricot ngendlela efanayo nezitshalo ezithengwa ezindaweni zokulima noma ezindaweni zokulima. Into eyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngamabhilikri anelanga eliningi, i-complex complex of mineral and fertilizer organic and watering.
Uyazi? Ama-aprikoti amathathu amasha, adliwe umuntu ngosuku, aqukethe u-30% we-intanethi yokuncoma kwansuku zonke ye-beta-carotene. Ngisho nasekufikeni kokuqala kwenyanga, abadlali be-Apollo badla ama-apricot omisiwe, njengoba aqukethe u-40% ushukela nesamba esikhulu samandla.
Ukutshala izithombo endaweni enomphela
Ukutshala kabusha i-apricot akuyona into elula ngenxa yezici zayo, okumele kucatshangelwe uma uthemba ukuthi umuthi uzothatha izimpande ngokuphelele endaweni yawo enomphela. Izitshalo ngayinye kumele zihlolwe ngokucophelela ngenhloso yokulimala yizinambuzane nezifo bese ukhetha okungcono kakhulu. Amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha, izithombo kufanele ziphuze kahle, ukuze uhlelo lwempande luyanamanzi, njengoba kunjalo nomhlabathi owuzungezayo. Ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukumba izimpande ngesikhumba somhlaba, futhi lokhu kuzobanikeza ukuphepha okuhle kubo.
Yiqiniso, ungathola izimpande, kodwa lokhu kuyindleko eyengeziwe, futhi kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha okukhulu, ukugcina ngisho nezinqubo ezincane kakhulu zesistimu. Umbuthano we-Pristvolny, olingana nobubanzi bomqhele, umgodla, owawuzungeza umuthi umsele omncane kuya kumamitha angu-80 ububanzi. Ukujula okunjalo kuzoba ukuqinisekiswa, ngoba izimpande eziyinhloko zizohlala zingalimala. Amahlumela amade ayokwaziswa nge-spade. Khona-ke, ngefolkforki, udinga ngokucophelela ukhiphe i-clod yodaka nge-root system bese uyithuthela ku-cellophane noma i-burlap ukuze ugcine ukuma kwayo. Uma isithombo sizodinga ukuthuthwa endaweni ethile, emva kokukhipha kumele kuhlanganiswe uhla oluqinile lwe-sawdust.
Ukutshala umgodi omusha we-apricot kulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Isibonelo bacubungelwa ukufakelwa kwentwasahlobo ekwindla, kodwa ukuwa - inyanga. Umgodi kufanele ube cishe izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kunomqhele wesitshalo. Ngakho izimpande zizothola isikhala esikhululekile. Ukujula kuzoncika eneminyaka yobude kanye nesilinganiso sesimiso saso.
Kubalulekile! Indawo ingcono ukukhetha engxenyeni yaseningizimu yensiza engadini, ngakho-ke ivikelekile kusuka emaphethelweni njengoba kungenzeka.Uma umhlaba we-apricot ungakhululekile futhi unzima kakhulu, kuzodingeka usebenze. Ngaphansi kwegodi kuyadingeka ukuthi ubeke ungqimba lwamanzi wamagatsha ashisayo kanye ne-rubble, bese uthele nge-sod ungqimba ohlanganiswe nama-humus. Kukhona izinketho: noma ubeke inqwaba yomanyolo ngaphansi kwe-apricot, noma wenze umgodi wokutshala kabanzi ukuze izimpande zithole izakhi eziningi ezisenhlabathini.
Kuwusizo ukwengeza iphadi le-superphosphate namagremu angamakhulu amabili e-ammonium nitrate emgodini. Uma umhlaba unama-acidic kunesidingo, i-kilogram eyodwa ye-lime yengezwe. Ngomhlabathi wobumba, umanyolo ovela ebomvu obomvu, i-peat nesihlabathi sisetshenziswe ngokulinganisela okulinganayo. Ukulinganisa kufakwe emgodini ngokuqondile ngokuphambene nalokho uma ku-coma yebumba. Uma uhlelo lwempande luvulekile, izimpande ziqondiswa futhi zimbozwe ngobumnene umhlaba. Ukwehlisa umhlaba akufanelekile, udinga nje ukulungisa umuthi.
Emva kokutshala wenze nxazonke emgodini we-apricot womhlaba ozogcina amanzi ekusakazeni endaweni yezimpande emva kokuchelela. Futhi kuyadingeka ukuba unganise umhlabathi kakhulu kakhulu. Esikhathini sokuqala emva kokufakelwa isitshalo endaweni ehlala njalo, kuyadingeka ukuwaphuza ngamandla, kancane kancane ukunciphisa inani lemanzi. Ukwanda kwenqubo yezimpande kufanele kuphuze ngaphambi kokuqala kwasebusika.
I-apricot kufanele isetshenziswe kakhulu emva kokuvuna izithelo ukuze kubuyiselwe amandla esihlahla esichithe ekuvuthweni kwazo.
