Ithenda lemibala, elihle callas enthralls Izimbali zalesi sitshalo zihle kakhulu futhi zinhle kakhulu. Naphezu kokuthi ukunakekelwa kwe-callae akudingi umzamo omkhulu, kunezinamba eziningi zezifo ezingaholela ekungabikho kwezimbali noma ukufa kwesitshalo. Kusukela kulesi sihloko uzofunda ukuthi kungani kuphakama izinkinga ezinjalo futhi yiziphi izinyathelo zokulwa nezifo ze-callas.
Izifo zeCalla ezibangelwa izimo ezingafanele
Calla - Isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, noma kunjalo, njenganoma iyiphi into ephilayo, idinga ukunakekelwa okufanele. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingalungile, ubuhle base-Afrika abukwazi ukuqhakaza, bubukeka bubuhlungu, bubuhlungu ngamaqabunga aphikisiwe, noma buphele ngokuphelele. Amaphutha alungiswe ngesikhathi esifanele ekuqondeni imbali kusiza, futhi ungakwazi ukujabulela ubuhle bawo.
I-Calla ayiqhakazi
Ukuntuleka kwe-calla yezimbali kuyomunye wemiphumela evamile kakhulu futhi ecindezelayo yokunakekelwa okungafanele kwesitshalo. Izizathu zokuthi kungani i-calla ingaqhakazi ingaba eziningana:
- ukuphuza okwanele;
- ibhodlela elincane;
- akukho isikhathi sokuphumula;
- umanyolo ongafanele noma ukungabi nalutho.
Lesi sitshalo sidinga isikhala esikhulu. Ummbizi omncane omncane uzoholela ekutheni isilwane ngeke sikwazi ukuqhakaza. Ukuphakama kwesitsha kumele kube njalo ukuthi impande ayithinti ingxenye engaphezu kwesigamu sayo, futhi ububanzi kumele bube buncane kunomqhele wamaqabunga. Uma izingane zivela, kumele zisuswe.
Kalle udinga isikhathi sokuphumula. Lokhu ngokuvamile yisikhathi sasebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqabunga aqala ukuma. Ibhodlela ngesitshalo kumele lihanjiswe endaweni epholile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile liphuze ukuze imbali ingawomile. Lesi sikhathi siyadingeka ukuze uhlelo lwempande luzuze amandla. Uma imbali ingahle ihlele iholidi elinjalo, ngeke liqhakaze. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-calla ingabekwa kabusha efasiteleni bese iqala ukuchelela njalo.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze i-calla iqhume kahle ngemva kwesikhathi sokuphumula, kunconywa ukuba ulethe imbali egumbini, loggia noma ifasitela evame ukungena umoya. Kungcono kakhulu uma kungenzeka ukutshala endaweni evulekile isikhathi sehlobo sasehlobo nasehlobo.Isitshalo kufanele sondliwe umquba we-phosphate-potassium. Uma kukhona amaqabunga amaningi nge-calla, noma kunjalo, akukho ukukhazimula, kusho ukuthi kune-nitrogen engaphezu komanyolo. Ukuze i-calle enhle yezimbali idinga i-phosphorus eyanele ne-potassium encane.
Ukuqhekeka kwamaqabunga amaqabunga
Ukukhipha amaqabunga namaqabunga amaqabunga amaqabunga ngokuvamile kuvela ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele. I-fragility ye-petioles ibangelwa ukungabi namsoco emhlabathini. Ngokuntuleka kwamaqabunga e-nitrogen kanye ne-potassium abe yibala bese ewela phansi.
Inkinga ingenzeka futhi ngenxa yokunisela okungalungile: inani elidlulele noma ukungabi nomswakama. Ama-petioles ama-Leaf azoba ama-brittle futhi lapho kwenzeka khona isitshalo ngaphansi kwemisebe eqondile yelanga.
Uyazi? Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, amaqabunga azo zonke izinhlobo ze-callas, ngaphandle kwezimhlophe, aphuzi futhi asomile. Yibo kuphela abahle abamhlophe amahlamvu abo ahlala eluhlaza ngisho nobusika.
Izikhwebu ezinwetshiwe ngokuqinile
UCalla akayithandi ukukhanya kokukhanya. Kodwa-ke, uma enganele, izitshalo zesitshalo zizokhishwa ngokuqinile futhi zibe yizibhamu. Lokhu kwenzeka nasezikhungweni eziphezulu kakhulu ekamelweni lapho imbali ikhula khona.
Lesi sitshalo kumele sibonakale endaweni evulekile, kodwa, ukuze kungabikho ukukhanya kwelanga. Ikakhulukazi kubalulekile ukugwema ukushaya ngqo kwelanga embali. Akunconywa ukubeka i-calla e-window sill, eduze nebhethri. Lokhu kuzoholela ekuqotheni imbali, iminyene kakhulu futhi ibuhlungu.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo calla, izindlela zokubhekana nazo
Ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungalungile noma ukulimala kwekhwalithi engafanele, inhlabathi encane ye-calla iveza izifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngokushesha bazenza baziwayo: umbala wesitshalo uyafa, ama-calla ashiya ama-curl noma aphenduke aphuzi, aphumele ngaphandle, iziqu ziba yi-brittle. Ukuze ugweme ukufa kwesitshalo, kubalulekile ukubala imbangela yalesi simo futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngesikhathi.
I-Anthracnose
I-anthracnose isifo se-fungal se-calla. Isifo esinjalo phakathi kwalezi zinhle zivamile.
I-Calla anthracnose inezibonakaliso ezilandelayo:
- Amabala amnyama afaka amaqabunga avela emaqabunga;
- Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabala abe mkhulu ngobukhulu, ukuguqa obomvu kuvela emaphethelweni abo, futhi isikhunta esimhlophe phakathi;
- ushiya amaqabunga futhi asomile;
- isitshalo sinzima;
- izimbali zikhula zipholile futhi zipholile.
- ukushisa kwezinga lomoya;
- umoya omningi ngokweqile nomhlabathi.
- ususe amaqabunga awonakele ezitshalweni nasemhlabathini;
- ukunciphisa ukuchelela;
- susa isitshalo kude namabhethri;
- ukwelashwa nge-fungicides ("Fundazol", "Fitosporin-M").
Kubalulekile! I-fungus idlula ukudlula emaqabunga kuya enhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, ukulimala amaqabunga awile kufanele kususwe ngokushesha. Uma izinyathelo zokunqothula zingakusizi, udinga ukutshala imbali, futhi ibhodlela kufanele lisuswe ngokugcwele.
Idonsa likaMealy
Amazolo kaMealy aqala ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwe-calla nge-fungi. Njengoba isifo esinjalo, i-white bloom ivela emaqabunga asitshalo, esheshayo ngokunyuka komthamo futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ihlanganisa wonke amahlamvu embali. Ngaphandle, i-plaque ifana nezinhlamvu zefulawa, ezihlanganisa kakhulu i-calla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izingxenye ezithintekayo ziphenduka abamnyama futhi zinyamalale.
Izindlela zokulwa:
- ukususwa kwamaqabunga awonakele (uma engekho kakhulu);
- ukwelashwa kwe-fungicide;
- ukuphuza ukufutheka.
Uyazi? Amazolo kaMealy ayidingi ubuningi bomswakama, ngakho-ke angakhula enhlabathini eyomile. Indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuqothulwa kwayo yindlela yokwelashwa yesikhathi esigcwele ngamathambo ama-fungicides (1 isikhathi ngesonto).
Grey ukubola
I-gray calla rot ibangelwa ama-botrits cinera. Ngokungafani ne-anthracnose, ukubola okumpunga kungathinta zonke izindawo zesitshalo: amaqabunga, iziqu, izimbali. Amaqabunga aphethwe yi-gray bloom, futhi amabala aluhlaza-grey avela ezimbali. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingxenye ehlumayo izuza umbala obomvu futhi ihlanganiswe neveli emhlophe.
Izimbangela zesifo:
- umswakama ophezulu;
- ukuchelela ngokweqile;
- ukutshala enhlabathini engcolisiwe;
- izinto zokutshala ezithathelwanayo.
- ususe wonke amaqabunga aphethwe;
- ukuchelela okulinganiselwe okugcwele;
- ukuphatha isitshalo nenhlabathi nge-fungicides (Rovral, Fundazol).
Kubalulekile! I-fungus ingagcinwa emhlabathini iminyaka eminingana, idluliselwa kanye nezingxenye ezinegciwane lesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, imbali ewonakele idinga ukufakwa endaweni entsha, kanti elidala lilahliwe. Lapho ukufakelwa izingane, ziphathwe nge-fungicides.
Umsuka wokubola
I-Calla izimpande zokubola zibangelwa u-Fitovtor ukhunta. Izimpawu zeCalla Izifo:
- amaqabunga nezimbali zimile;
- isitshalo ngokushesha sinciphisa;
- isikhunta esibomvu singabonwa phansi;
- izimpande zibolile.
- ukushisa kwezinga eliphezulu;
- umswakama ophezulu;
- ukuchelela ngokweqile;
- umanyolo owedlulele;
Izindlela zokulwa:
- ukufakelwa emhlabathini owomile namanzi okokuqala ngokulinganayo;
- ukuhambisa isitshalo endaweni epholile, enomoya omuhle;
- ubuyekeze umkhuba wokudla;
- inqubo ye-fungicides ("i-Ridomir", "inzuzo yegolide").
Ukubola kwebhaktheriya
I-calter rot calla ibangelwa amabhaktheriya e-Erwinia. Ngesifo, impande yesitshalo kanye nesisekelo samaqabunga amnyama, futhi ekugcineni ibole. Ubuso bamaqabunga buba buphuzi. Lesi sitshalo asimile, okuyi-rots.
Izimbangela zokugula:
- izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nomswakama;
- ukuchelela ngokweqile;
- ukukhulelwa ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen.
Indlela yokubhekana ne-cest callas
Njengazo zonke izitshalo eziphilayo, izinambuzane zingahlasela i-calla. Ziphuza zonke izinto eziwusizo ezivela esitshalweni, ziwutshise ngemikhiqizo yazo, futhi ngenxa yalokho isitshalo sifa. Izinyathelo ezifike ngesikhathi ukulwa nesishayo zizogcina ubuhle bakho.
Isibungu se-spider
Izibungu zidla phezu koqweqwe oluphezulu lwamagqabi okutshala. Ngokunqotshwa kwe-calla ene-spider mite, amaqabunga ayo aphuzi, phakathi kwawo ungabona ibhulogi elincane le-spider. Ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, amabala amnyama amnyama akhiwa. Ngokuvamile ama-buds awaqhakazi, ayomile futhi ayanyamalala.
Izimbangela zesicabucabu:
- umoya omile kakhulu;
- i-high fever;
- ukuphuza okwanele.
- ukuhlunga umoya;
- ikamelo endaweni epholile;
- ukusula amaqabunga ngesisombululo sensipho noma i-Neoron, Fufan.
Thrips
Zondla isitshalo sesitshalo. Ngokunqotshwa kwe-calla ngaleli nkathazo, amaqabunga aphendukile futhi aomile, ama-curl, amabala amhlophe angabonakala kuwo. Ukuqeda izinambuzane, udinga ukuhambisa umoya, unqume amaqabunga abathintekile bese uphatha isitshalo ngezinambuzane.
Uyazi? I-Thrips ayibekezeleli iphunga le-naphthalene. Kungasiza futhi ngokulawula izinambuzane.
Aphid
Ama-aphid ayizinambuzane ezincane (abamnyama, eziluhlaza, ezimhlophe noma ezimpunga) ezondla isitshalo sesitshalo. Benza ubuthi nge-calla ngemikhiqizo ye-waste. Ngokujwayelekile izinambuzane zikhona ezingxenyeni eziphansi zamaqabunga. Sula izimpawu zokunqotshwa kwama-aphid zi-yellowing zamahlamvu, ukuphoqa okusheshayo kwezimbali. Amaqabunga akhona awaqhakazi, futhi ayomile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, phezulu kwamaqabunga ahlanganiswe ngengubo enamathele.
Izindlela zokulwa:
- ukuyeka okwesikhashana ukufaka umquba nge-nitrogen;
- ukucubungula isitshalo ngamafutha ka-potash (ama-gram angu-20 ngalinye ilitha lamanzi afudumele) noma ngamalungiselelo akhethekile ("Decis", "Aktara").
