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Grey ukubola

Indlela yokubhekana nesifo se-blackberry

Indawo engokwemvelo yama-blackberries, amahlumela anameva aqhekekile kanye namajikijolo amnyama amnandi kakhulu - lena eNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia. Umsebenzi wokukhiqiza owenziwe kakhulu ekuhlaleni izinhlobo zebhisidijolo uye wenziwa kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye e-United States (izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-300 ziye zavuthwa). Ukuthandwa kwalesi berry ezweni lethu kukhula - inani elikhulayo labalimi sebeqala ukuliqonda i-blackberry yalo:

  • ukunambitheka okumnandi nomnandi;
  • izakhiwo zokwelapha nezomsoco;
  • isivuno esikhulu;
  • ukungathobeki nokukhululeka ukunakekelwa;
  • ukukhubazeka kwezifo ezibuthakathaka.

Ukuzithoba, noma kunjalo, akuqinisekisi ukuthi 100% i-shrub ayiguli. Ngenxa yalokho, umlimi wensimu angase alahlekelwe isitshalo kuphela, kodwa futhi alahlekelwa isitshalo ngokwawo. Ama-blackberries ayisihlobo esiseduze sama-raspberry (kokubili izitshalo zingezomndeni we- "pink" ne-genus Rubus) - ngakho-ke, izinambuzane nezifo ezifakwe emanzini okusajingijolo nezifo zivamile.

Uyazi? Izinganekwane zaseGrisi lasendulo, ekhuluma ngemvelaphi yamabhijijolo, tshela ukuthi ama-titans empini nawonkulunkulu achitha igazi labo, futhi wonke amaconsi aphenduka iberryberry. Udokotela waseBrithani waseBrithani nodokotela waseBooscorides ongu-1. Kakade kunconywa i-blackberry leaf decoction kwisiguli njengomuthi wokwelapha. E-Russian, igama elithi "i-blackberry" liyaziwa kusukela ngekhulu le-18. futhi kwakusho "i-hedgehog-berry" - ngenxa yeziqu ezinezimpande ezibukhali.

Izifo Ezingenakudluliswa Ngama-Blackberry: Izimpawu Nezokwelapha

Ukuhluleka kwezolimo kanye neziphambeko kungabangela izifo ezibizwa ngokuthi ezingezona ezithathelwanayo. Okokuqala, lezi yizifo ezibangelwa ukungabi nalutho noma okudlulele kwesici esilandelayo. Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zihlobene nokuqukethwe kwezici ezilandelayo:

  • insimbi Uma kungenzeka, amaqabunga aqala ukushintsha umbala wazo ngokungenalutho okhanyayo ophuzi. Amajikijolo omile. Kungenzeka ukusiza ngokufaka ukungena emhlabathini we-iron, ama-sulfate ama-ferrous, i-sulphate evundiwe. Izibonakaliso ezifanayo zingabonwa nge-excess iron;

  • i-potassium. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kobusi obomvu obomvu kuvela emaphethelweni amaqabunga. Amaqabunga abe yi-bluish, i-curly ivela. Amajikijolo, ngaphandle kokuvuthwa, omile. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, udinga ukwengeza ama-gram angu-70 we-potassium ngamamitha ayi-1 square uma utshala. m. futhi phakathi nenkathi - enye i-12 g. Kodwa uma kune-potassium eningi-amaqabunga abe lula, aphule;

  • i-nitrogen. Amaqabunga awela ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo ashintshiwe, amahlumela amancane akhula kancane, ama-fruiting amisa, amaqabunga avela embala. Njengoba lezi zibonakaliso, i -berryberry iphathwa ngeyinkimbinkimbi ye-potassium-sodium-nitrogen (ene-predominance of nitrogen). Uma kune-nitrogen eyengeziwe, isihlahla sama-blackberry sibonisa ukukhula okubuthakathaka, izindawo ezibomvu zivela kumaqabunga emaphethelweni, amaqabunga ama-curl nokuwa, nokumelana nobusika kunciphisa;

  • bor. Uma iswele, amaqabunga abe amancane, ahlukaniswe kancane, aphikisiwe futhi awele (phakathi nonyaka, amathiphu amahlumela angabhalwa ngokuphelele, ihlumela le-apical lingase life), lesi sitshalo asiqhakazi kahle, futhi amajikijolo awavuthwa. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kuyadingeka ukwengeza boric acid (kufika ku-2 g nge 1 sq. M). I-boron eyedlulele ibonakala ekushiseni kwamaqabunga (eduze kwemiphetho), ukuphika kwabo;

  • i-calcium. Endabeni yokuntuleka kwe-calcium, ihlumela le-apical limile, amahlumela amasha aphuzi (ngonyaka owedlule uhlaza), ukukhula kwezimpande kuyancipha. Ukwethulwa kwe-superphosphate nodaba oluhle emhlabathini kusiza;

  • i-magnesium. Isibonakaliso sokuntuleka - amaqabunga abe abomvu, phakathi nonyaka awela, amagatsha esithelo athambe kancane ekukhuleni. Ukuvimbela - kucebisa umhlabathi ngefulawa i-dolomite, i-magnesium sulfate (kufika ku-60 g ngalinye nge-sq. M. M.), i-Ash. I-magnesium eyengeziwe ibangela ukuthi amaqabunga abe mnyama, ahlehle futhi afe (ikakhulukazi ekushiseni).

  • manganese. Ukungahleleki kwalo kunika amaqabunga amancane iphethini eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amaqabunga aqala ukuwa. Isilinganiso esiphansi sama-manganese singama-3-5 g nge-1 sq. Km. m;

  • ithusi. Ukungabi nethusi kukhonjiswe ezitheni ezimhlophe zamaqabunga, abese aboma futhi abomile, ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela kunciphisa, amafihlethi afe, kanti ukumelana kwamaqhwa kunciphisa. I-Copper ingcono ukuba ifakwe ekubunjweni kwemifino eyinkimbinkimbi ngezici zokulandelela;

  • i-zinc. Ukuntuleka kwayo kuzobikwa ngamacwecwe aphuzi, amaqabunga amancane, amancane futhi angenasimethri (nge-tint yethusi), amajikijolo awavuthwa. Ukunciphisa i-zininc kuholela ekuphuzileni nasekusizeni kwamaqabunga amancane. Izindebe ezindala zibomvu futhi zimnyama, i-apical efihlekile iyawa.

Kubalulekile! Ukuxilongwa okubonakalayo kwezifo ezingezona ezithathelwanayo, okokuqala, kunzima ukufana kwezimpawu nezinye izifo (fungal noma viral), okwesibili, izimpawu zingase zihambisane nokuqhathaniswa nokuntuleka kwe-microelement efanayo.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphuma ensimini lapho utshala ukufaka ngokucophelela udaba oluphilayo, okunye okunye neminyaka yokufaka umanyolo ophelele, ekusetshenzisweni kwentwasahlobo kuyinkimbinkimbi ye-nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nge-boron, manganese, njll.

Izifo zebhaktheriya, izinyathelo zokulwa nazo

Ukuzwela kwe-Blackberry ezifo zebhaktheriya kwanda. Isifo samabhaktheriya e-Blackberry sibangela ukulimala kwempande - umdlavuza wezimpande (Agrobacterium tumefaciens). Ama-pathogens angena esitshalweni ngokusebenzisa izimbobo zemvelo kanye nomonakalo omncane kakhulu.

I-Cancer

Uma lesi sifo sibangelwa umdlavuza wezimpande ze-bacterium, ama-neoplasms avela ezimpandeni zesitshalo (ngaphansi kwamahlumela) kusuka ku-0.5 mm kuya ku-5 cm ububanzi. I-neoplasms ine-greenback, ekuqaleni, eluhlaza, emnyama emnyama noma emnyama, isisekelo sokukhanya kanye nokuthungwa okuqinile. Lesi sifo sithinta lesi simila kabi:

  • ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela kuvinjelwe;
  • ubukhulu besitshalo buyancipha, amaqabunga aphuzi, amajikijolo anomile futhi amancane;
  • ukukhiqiza kunciphisa;
  • isomiso nokumelana kwamaqhwa kunciphisa.

Kungakapheli iminyaka engu-1-2, ama-neoplasms abola futhi aphethe inhlabathi. Kancane kancane, zonke izitshalo kusayithi zigula. Uma ukufakelwa kabusha endaweni entsha yezinto zokutshala, ukutheleleka nakho kusakaze ngokuzenzakalelayo (izicubu ezincane kungenzeka zingabonakali iso).

Ukwelapha umdlavuza akunakwenzeka. Amalungiselelo asekelwe e-Agrobacterium radiobacter (Galltrol noma Nogall) angavimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo.

Izifo zihlanganisa:

  • lapho ukufakelwa kabusha, ukumba, ukufaka umquba, qinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwempande ye-blackberry aluhlupheki ngamathuluzi engadini;
  • Ungalimi isihlahla endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7;
  • ungatholi ukhula lwe-herbicide - ukushisa kungaba yi-pathogenic foci;
  • buyela kumasayithi amadala kungakapheli iminyaka engama-4 kamuva;
  • ekupheleni kwenkathi, unqume izitshalo ezilimalayo nezitshalo, zishise (ungashiyi inhlanzi!);
  • fray bhisikijolo Bordeaux liquid, "Abiga-Peak", "Oxyhom."

Kubalulekile! Ukulandelela izakhi emhlabathini kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nezintandokazi zezinhlobo - i-nitrogen eningi ngezinhlobo ezinwabuzelayo; i-potassium ne-phosphorus - ngokuqondile.

Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane: izimpawu kanye nokwelapha

Ama-virus adala izifo eziyingozi kakhulu engadini ye-blackberry - ososayensi abazange bakhulise izindlela zokwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Izindlela zokuvimbela ezisemqoka ziyindlela yokusebenzisa izithombo ezinempilo, ukubhujiswa kwezitshalo ze-blackberry zasendle ngaphakathi kwendawo engaba ngu-20m ukusuka ensimini; ukuhambisana nemigomo ye-agrotechnical.

I-Curly

I-Curly - isifo esingajwayelekile, kodwa sína. Ukugula kaningi kakhulu izitshalo ezineminyaka emibili ubudala. Izibonakaliso eziyinhloko zokukhanda:

  • ukuphuza ukukhula;
  • egcwele umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amaqabunga abo nobunzima bawo;
  • emaphethelweni amaqabunga aphethwe phansi, ekupheleni kwenkathi - i-necrosis yemithanjeni;
  • izimbali zikhubazekile hhayi impova.

Ayikho ikhambi - izitshalo ezithathelwanayo ezithintekayo zibhujiswa.

UMose

Amaqabunga abathintekayo ama-Blackberry anamabala ahlanzekile aphuzi. Kancane kancane, baba yi-convex, amapuleti amashidi aphelile. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngezinambuzane (i-aphid, i-cicadas) noma ngokusebenzisa izinto zokutshala. Isifo sakwaMose sisabeka ngoba ukumelana nesithwathwa se-shrub kuncishisiwe, isitshalo esibulalayo ngeke sisinde ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mosaic ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo, ukunciphisa imivini, kunciphisa isivuno.

Kusho ukulwa nombhalo akukhona. Ukuvimbela kusetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko:

  • ukutshala izithombo ezinempilo;
  • ukuhlanzwa kwe-sanitary kwesayithi, ukubhujiswa kwezitshalo ezigulayo kanye nezinambuzane.

Uyazi? Amajikijolo e-Blackberry ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali asondelene nama-raspberries, kodwa ane-asidi encane. Amajikijolo e-Blackberry amnyama, abomvu nokuphuzi. Amajikijolo aqothulwe nge-flower-receptacle, alondoloza ukuma kwawo isikhathi eside futhi angahlali. Ingagcinwa ekushiseni kwezinga.

Isigqoko esiphuzi

Abanikazi abakhulu begciwane bangama-aphid. Izimpawu zesifo zihambisana nezibonakaliso ze-chlorosis ephawulekayo:

  • ukuphuza kwamaqabunga ngesimo samabala ngamanye (izitshalo zigqanyiswa ngokuhlaza);
  • ukwanda kwe-chlorosis;
  • ayeke ukukhula kwamahlumela.

Akukho ukwelashwa, ngokuyisisekelo kuphela izinyathelo zokuvimbela (ukubhujiswa kwama-aphid nezitshalo ezigulayo).

Izifo ze-fungi ze-Blackberry, izindlela zokubhekana nazo

Isifo se-fungal fungal ingenye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu zabalimi be-blackberry (80% yazo zonke izifo). Kubangelwa isikhunta esangena nge-stomata, umonakalo (amanxeba kanye nemikhonyovu) yezimpande, amahlumela, iziqu. Izifo zithunyelwa ngamathuluzi engadini, umoya, imvula.

I-Anthracnose

Ukwehlukana kwezizinda zethu kubonakala ekuqaleni kwenkathi. Okubangelwa yizinhlamvu ze-fungus Gloeosporium venetum Speg (umswakama owedlulele ukhetheke ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni ihlobo lokushisa kwezifo, ukuchelela ngokweqile). Abathintekayo kakhulu yilesi sifo:

  • amaqabunga - amabala amacansi akhula futhi ajule emithanjeni esemqoka, umngcele obomvu uvela (3 mm);
  • amajikijolo - izilonda zombala ompunga, ifomu ekhubazekile, eyomile futhi ewela ngokuhlaza;
  • ihlumela (kancane kancane) - izindawo ezibomvu ezimpandeni ezimpande, ukomisa izithelo zezithelo.

I-blackberry anthracnose ayinakuphulukiswa - kuyadingeka ukuthi ushise isitshalo esinesifo ngezimpande zayo. Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, kuphela imifino etshalwe kule ndawo.

Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kusetshenziselwa umanyolo obunzima emhlabathini, ukuhlanzwa okuhlanzekile kwenziwa. Uma izimpawu ezisolisayo ziqaphele, kubalulekile ukuthi uphathe ukwelashwa kathathu ngamafungicides (ngaphambi kokusila, lapho amahlumela efinyelela ku-30-35 cm futhi ekupheleni kwenkathi) - 5% yethusi (noma i-iron) i-vitriol, i-Fundazole, i-Bardo Blue, njll.

Indawo emhlophe (septoriosis)

I-Blackberry septoriosis iyisifo esivame ukushisa (ikakhulukazi ehlobo lezimvula). I-agent ye-causative yi-spore ye-fungal Septori Rubi West. Lesi sifo sisungulwe ekuqaleni kwenkathi. Okokuqala, amahlumela eminyaka amabili ashintshwe, kamuva - amahlumela omnyaka owodwa. Phakathi kwezibonakaliso kukhona:

  • izindawo ezinombala ezinombala ezinombala enomzimba omncane;
  • amnyama amnyama noma amnyama amaphuzu amancane - pycnidia;
  • ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwamabala, indawo ethintekile yeqabunga ibhujiswe, i-mucus ibonakala, amajikijolo abola.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo kuvinjelwe, isivuno siphume kakhulu. Ukwelashwa akusebenzi. Izindlela zokuvimbela ezithathwe zifana ne-anthracnose.

I-Purple Spot (Didimella)

Ukubona amaqabunga amaqabunga amaqabunga e-blackberry kuthinta ikakhulukazi amaqabunga amancane, inzalo kanye nama-petioles (amaqabunga athathwe kancane kunabo bonke). I-agent causative yalesi sifo yizinhlamvu ze-fungal zikaDidiymella applanata Sacc. Lesi sifo siqhubekela phambili ikakhulukazi ngokunyuka kwamanzi nokutshala okuhlwanyelayo. Izimpawu zesifo zihlanganisa:

  • Ukomisa amaqabunga amancane neziqu;
  • izindawo ezinomsoco ezinamaqabunga emaqabunga, amahlamvu;
  • izindawo ezibubende esitsheni (okokuqala ezingxenyeni eziphansi nangaphezulu);
  • izimbali ezincane nokuntuleka kwama-ovari.

Ukulwa nalesi sifo kuyinto yendabuko - ukuphalaza 2% i-Bordeaux ingxube.

Izenzo zokuvimbela:

  • ukulandela imithetho yobunjiniyela bezolimo;
  • ukulwa nokuqina nokuhlanzeka;
  • spring processing processing.

Grey Rot (Botrytis)

Lesi sifo sibangelwa ama-spores we-fungus Botyrtis cinerea Pers. Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zivele zivele ngesikhathi sezimbali. Ukubola okumangcwaba kungathatha zonke izingxenye ezingenhla ezingaphansi komhlaba, kodwa amajikijolo avame ukuhlupheka - alahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwawo, ukunambitha, futhi ahlanganiswe nokuqhakaza kwegreyfy. Lapho umswakama ukhuphuka, amajikijolo e-blackberry ebola, futhi ekumiseni okuphansi.

Ngokunqotshwa kwamahlumela - nawo ahlanganiswe ne-grey bloom. Lapho izinga lokushisa liwela emahlumela abathintekile, kusetshenzwa ama-black bumps (sclerotia); ebusika, amahlumela agula afe, ama-sclerotia awela emhlabathini futhi angaba khona iminyaka eminingana, emele ingozi hhayi kuphela ngamabherebhisi, kodwa futhi ama-raspberries, ama-currants, ama-strawberries.

Ukulwa nesifo esivame ukusetshenziswa amafungicide ne-iprodinone (Rovral Aquaflo) exutshwe neCaptan. Ngemuva kwezicelo ezimbili ezilandelanayo, kubalulekile ukushintshana namanye amafongicides, isibonelo, ngokusekelwe ku-fenhexamide (ukulungiswa kwe-Teldor), i-fungicides ehlanganisiwe (equkethe i-pyraclostrobin ne-boscalid).

Kubalulekile! I-agent ye-causative ye-mold mold - i-Botyrtis cinerea Pers ngokushesha iqala ukumelana nama-fungicides, ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuba kwenziwe okunye okulungiselelwa kwezimiso ezahlukene zezenzo namaqembu amakhemikhali.

Ukugqwala

I-agents causative ye-fungal isifo se-Phragmidium Link. Igama lesi sifo esitholakala ezinhlamvu ze-fungal of orange, umbala ophuzi, ogcwele amabala esitshalo. Lesi sifo senziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile:

  • ukuqala kwehlobo - amachashaza amancane e-orange avela emaqabungeni kanye neziqu - i-spermogony nokubunjwa kwama-spermacies kuqala. Kamuva, i-convex point pads (etzii) ivela. Izingxabano ezivela e-aetias ngomoya nangamanzi ukuthelela amaqabunga aphilile;
  • phakathi kwehlobo yisigaba esiyingozi kunazo zonke: ukugqwala kubonakala emaqabungeni aphansi njengamapayipi ama-brown (urediniopustul), lapho izizukulwane eziningana zezinhlamvu zikhiqizwa khona. Lezi zinhlamvu ziphinde zithathe isitshalo;
  • ekupheleni kwehlobo - ekwindla: ama-black pads akhiwa emaqabunga - i-teliopustula enezinhlamvu ezilungele ubusika emaqabunga awile.

I-mycelium imelana kakhulu nesimo sezulu esibandayo, futhi ngamaqabunga awile ubusika kahle.

Ukulwa nokugqwala kubandakanya ukuhlanza amaqabunga awile, ukuchelela ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuhlolwa njalo ngokususwa kwamagatsha asolisayo noma abuthakathaka, ukuxubana ne-humus nge-micro-organisms antifungal. Abanini bezandla balulekwa ukuba bachithe ama-blackberries ne-garlic ekhishwa ngesibonakaliso sokuqala sokutheleleka kwesibindi.

I-Phyllosticosis

Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngezinhlamvu ngokusebenzisa inhlabathi, umoya noma amanzi. Lesi sifo siqala ukuzibonakalisa njengamabala. Amabala ahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-agent causative yesifo:

  • ubukhulu bayo obukhulu, isimo esingavamile, umbala omnyama obomvu neziqephu eziphuzi kanye nombukiso kubonisa ukuthi lesi sifo sibangelwa ama-fungal spores we-Phyllosticta fuscozanata Thum;
  • izindawo ezincane ezimhlophe - i-Phyllosticta ruborum i-sacc fungus.

    Izilonda zigcwele amachashazi amnyama - lezi yi-pycnidia enezinhlamvu. Amahlamvu awela, ukunciphisa umkhiqizo we-blackberry, ukukhuthazela kwawo.

Abanini bezandla balulekwa ukuba bachithe isihlahla sama-blackberry esesifo esinesisindo (300 g) kanye nethusi le-sulfate (30 g) ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi alula. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela - ukuhlanza amaqabunga awile.

Uyazi? Ama-blackberries avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ama-berries" amaqabunga. Iqukethe inqwaba ye-phytoestrogens, ngezindlela eziningi ezifana ne-hormone yesifazane - iyasiza ekunqophiseni isikhathi. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukufakwa kwama-blackberries ekudleni kunciphisa ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu, ngemuva kokubeletha - kuvamile ukulinganisa amazinga e-hemoglobin, kukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa ngokushesha kokulimala. Ama-antioxidants anciphisa ukuguga isikhumba, ukwakha imibimbi.
Naphezu kwakho konke okushiwo ngenhla, i-blackberry iyisitshalo esingenakuzithoba, esincane kakhulu esibhedlela. Uma uhambisana nazo zonke izindlela zokulima kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela, amajikijolo ayokujabulela iminyaka eminingi.

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