Akuzona zonke izivande ezenza izinga lokutshala utamatisi. Abaningi bangenalo ikhono lokubeka izithombo zokugcina endaweni, noma bamane bengenawo isikhathi esanele noma amandla okukhathaza imbewu yokuhluma, izithombo ezikhulayo, ukunakekela izitshalo ezindala.
Ukukhula kwezithombo zikatamatisi ukuvula emhlabathini kuyindlela ebalulekile ngoba ikuvumela ukuba ukhule utamatisi onempilo futhi uthole isivuno esicebile. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa konke ngokuningiliziwe ngalesi senzakalo. Siphinde sichaze izici zezithombo ezikhulayo zika utamatisi.
Izinkinga nezinzuzo
Phakathi kwezimo zezitshalo ezikhulayo yizinto ezilandelayo:
- isikhathi nomzamo;
- ukungakwazi ukukhulisa amanani amakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwendawo kanye nokukhanya okuningi;
- Izithombo zingakhula futhi zigula - ngeke zinike isivuno esihle.
Nokho, le nqubo inezinzuzo zayo:
- i-agronomist izoqiniseka ukuthi izithombo zitshalwe ngaphandle kokungeza noma yimaphi amakhemikhali;
- Uma ungakwazi ukukhulisa izithombo ngendlela efanele, ungathola isivuno esikhulu.
Indlela yokunquma isikhathi sokutshala utamatisi?
Ngokuvamile utamatisi uhlwanyelwa izinsuku ezingu-55-65 ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Izintambo zivela ngokushesha - ngokoqobo ngesonto. Ngakho-ke, izithombo zizoba ngaphakathi endlini cishe inyanga nengxenye.
Izinsuku zokutshala izithombo:
eningizimu yezwe - kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi kaFebruwari kuya phakathi kuka-Mashi;- ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni zaseRussia - kusukela ngo-Mashi 15 ukuya ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli;
- ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zeRussian Federation (Siberia, i-Urals) - kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube phakathi kuka-Ephreli.
eningizimu yezwe - kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi kaFebruwari kuya phakathi kuka-Mashi;Ukunquma ngokunembile isikhathi sokutshala utamatisi endaweni yakini, udinga ukwazi usuku oluqondile lokuphela kwesithwathwa. Kuvela kulo mfanekiso okudingeka uthathe izinsuku ezingu-55-65.
Uma umlimi ehlela ukuhambisa izithombo hhayi emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa kungena ku-greenhouse, khona-ke ukuhlwanyela kuqala amasonto amabili ngaphambili.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Inhlabathi yokutshala imbewu ingcono ukuthenga ngomumo esitolo - yiyona efanele kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma umlimi ehola leli zwe esakhiweni sensimu, kufanele ahlungwe i-disinfected ukuze izithombo zingafi. Nazi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokulima:
- Ukugoba kuhhavini ngehora lesehora. I-ovini kumele iphethelwe ku-degrees 180-200.
- Ukufudumala kwi-microwave (amandla kufanele abekwe ku-850).
- Ukwelashwa kwamanzi abilayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka umhlabathi esitsheni ngezibopho ezansi bese uphelela kahle ngamanzi abilayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, amanzi kufanele aphule ngokuphelele futhi inhlabathi kufanele imiswe.
- Ukukhipha ukushisa ngekhambi eligcwele le-potassium permanganate. Indlela yokusebenza ifana namanzi abilayo.
Ungasebenzisa izindlela eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze uthole izinzuzo eziphezulu.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokucubungula inhlabathi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Inhlabathi kufanele iphuze ngamanzi ajwayelekile futhi igcinwe ekushiseni kwama-8-10 degrees Celsius amasonto amabili. Ngakho-ke, amabhaktheriya azuzisayo azokhula ku-substrate.
Ukulungiselela imbewu nokutshala
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kubalulekile ukucubungula inhlabathi kuphela, kodwa futhi imbewu.
Ukuqeda izifo ezikhona ekutshaleni impahla, ungasebenzisa enye yezindlela ezilandelayo:
- Isixazululo se-potassium permanganate - 1 g yomkhiqizo uhlanjululwe ku-0.1 litre lamanzi ahlanzekile. Esikhathini isisombululo, hlela noma yimuphi umkhiqizo wemvelo bese ubeka imbewu lapho okwesikhashana kwehora. Isikhathi sokuchaza akufanele sikhuliswe, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekunciphiseni imbewu yokuhluma.
- Isixazululo se-soda. 0.5 g we-soda yahlakazwa ngo-1 litre amanzi. Kule tincture ukugcina imbewu usuku. Ukukhwabanisa okunjalo akugcini nje ukuvimbela izitshalo, kodwa kunciphisa isikhathi sokuhluma.
- Tincture on ijusi aloe. Hlanganisa ngamanzi ngo-1: 1 isilinganiso. Ukumelana nembewu kudingeka amahora angu-12-24. Utamatisi onjalo unomkhuhlane omkhulu, isivuno esikhulu kanye nekhwalithi yonke ka utamatisi.
- Isixazululo sePhytosporin - lokhu, ukudonsa okulodwa kwesidakamizwa kuhlanjululwa ku-0.1 litre amanzi. Imbewu kufanele ibe sesisombululo amahora ambalwa kuphela.
Esigubheni sokutshala (singaba inkomishi ye-peat noma noma yiziphi iziqukathi zepulasitiki) uthele umhlabathi owumanzi olungiselelwe. Khona-ke emithanjeni yomhlabathi yenziwa ekujuleni kwe-1 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemifantu kufanele libe cishe ngamasentimitha angu-3-4.. Ukuphinda usuke kumbewu udinga 1-2 cm ngisho nangaphezulu.
Njengoba ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo, isikhathi esiningi ungakwazi ukugcina izithombo egumbini. Ngemva kwalokhu, imbewu ifafazwe ngenhlabathi encane. Futhi izitshalo zihlanganiswa nefilimu noma ingilazi.
Ukuphuza imvamisa
Inhlabathi yomswakama kufanele isetshenziswe nsuku zonke.. Uma i-substrate isomile, idinga ukuphuziswa, kodwa lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ngebhodi le-spray. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imbewu ingahlanzwa. Uma isimo somswakama siphambene, futhi inhlabathi ihlala imanzi isikhathi eside, udinga ukuvula ifilimu okwesikhashana ulinde kuze kube yilapho umhlaba umile.
Kwenzeka ukuthi umswakama ngokweqile kungabangela ukwakheka kohlaka lwesibumba. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuqeda ukubonakala kwesikhunta ngesandla, bese uphatha inhlabathi ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma i-agent ye-antifungal (isibonelo, i-Fundazole noma i-Fitosporin).
Lapho nje izithombo zikhula kancane, futhi ifilimu isiphelile, udinga ukwandisa imvamisa yokuchelela, njengoba izithombo ezikhulile ziyifinyelela ngokushesha. Kungcono ukuphuza izithombo njalo ekuseni ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga.ukuze ungenzi isikhumba.
Izimo zokushisa ngesikhathi sokulima
Ukuze imbewu ikhule, kufanele igcinwe kuqala ekushiseni kwama-25-30 degrees ngenhla kwezinga. Amahlumela okuqala azovela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa - phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe ku-23-27 degrees Celsius. Ngemva kwesonto, ukushisa kwehla kuya emazingeni angu-20-22. Futhi emva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa nazo zonke ezinye izinsuku, izithombo kufanele zikhule emoyeni, zifuthekele ku-12-15 degrees.
Khetha
Amaqabunga amahlamvu okuqala wezithombo avela kakade ngosuku lweshumi emva kokuhluma. Uma imbewu ihlwanyela kakhulu kakhulu, ngalesi sikhathi kuzodingeka ukuthi utshale izithombo ngeziqukathi ezihlukene. Utamatisi uhlezi kahle, kodwa noma kunjalo, kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha okukhulu.
Dlulisa izithombo ebhodweni ngenhla yomhlabathi ezimpandeni. Asikho isidingo sokuqeda izimpande, ngoba emva kwalokhu izithombo zingase zife.
Izitshalo zokufakelwa kokuqala kufanele zibe cishe amalitha angu-0.2. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-15-20 emva kokufakelwa kabusha kokuqala, udinga ukushintsha izimbiza ezikhudlwana. Imiqulu evamile - ibhodlela elilodwa-litre ngesitshalo ngasinye.
Sinikeza ukubuka ividiyo ngendlela yokukhetha ngokufanele ukukhetha izithombo zamatamatisi:
Umanyolo emva kokukhethwa
Ngokushesha nje lapho utamatisi ehanjisiwe, ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kufakwe emhlabathini.. Bese kwenziwa njalo izinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Ngokuvamile akudingekile, ngoba inqubo enjalo ingaholela ekuthuthukiseni izifo zezitshalo. Amanyolo afanele kunawo wonke ayimvelo - umquba noma ama-droppings. Uma ukhetha phakathi kokuthenga, kungcono ukunikeza okuthandayo amathuluzi asekelwe ku-guano noma i-biohumus.
Sinikeza ukubuka ividiyo mayelana nokufaka umanyolo emva kokukhetha izithombo zamatamatisi:
Ukukhanyisa
Ngaphandle kokukhanyisa okuhle akunakwenzeka ukukhula izithombo ezinempilo. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala, izitsha kumele zifakwe endaweni ekhanyisiwe. Uma inqubo iqhubeka ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, ukukhanyisa kwemvelo ngeke kusanele, ngakho kuzodingeka usebenzise phytolamps. Uma engekho, ungasebenzisa ama-fluorescent ajwayelekile.
Ukuzikhandla
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukungabi khona kwenqubo eqinile kuzoholela ekufeni nasekufeni kwesitshalo esitshalisiwe.
Ukulimala kufanele kwenziwe ezinsukwini ezingu-10-15 ngaphambi kokuya endaweni ehlala njalo. Udinga ukuqala isikhathi esifushane - cishe isigamu sehora. Ngesikhathi sokutshala isikhathi samatamatisi kufanele sifinyelele amahora angu-10-12.
Le nqubo izosiza hhayi kuphela ukuthuthukisa ukuzivikela komatamatisi, kodwa futhi ukunambitheka kwabo. Ngaphandle kwalokho Utamatisi obunzima ungaba kusayithi ngaphambi kokuqala kwama-autumn frosts.
Sinikeza ukubuka ividiyo ngendlela yokuqeda kahle izithombo zamatamatisi:
Imiyalo yokufika
Okulandelayo, ngitshele indlela yokutshala kahle utamatisi izithombo. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa yetamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele libe cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30-40. Okuhle kunakho konke, ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukufaka i-peat emhlabathini (kahle, uma lokhu kungumhlabathi omnyama) (ungashintshwa nomhlabathi oyithengiwe).
Ukuze utshalwe izithombo, udinga ukukhetha usuku olufuze, olupholile, olungenamandla. Izithombo ezitshaliwe zidinga ukuphakama kwamamitha amaningana. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3, izimpande ezengeziwe zizovela ezimpandeni, khona-ke uhlelo lwempande luzoqinisa futhi lube namandla kakhulu. Kunenye indlela yokufika.
Awukwazi ukususa izimpande ze-coma zobumba, bese utshala naye emhlabathini ovulekile. Khona-ke umgodi ulungele ukutshala, ubukhulu bawo obukhulu kakhulu kunomthamo wempande ngokwayo enhlabathini.
Sinikeza ukubuka ividiyo ngendlela yokuhlwanyela kahle imbewu enotamatisi:
Isiphetho
Ukwandisa izithombo zotamatisi ekhaya akulula kakhulu. Kodwa kuyadingeka uma i-agronomist ifuna ukuthola isivuno esinempilo nesicebile.
