Sekuyisikhathi eside izaqathi zijwayele bonke abalimi. Ayikho imfihlakalo ekutshalweni kwayo, into eyinhloko ukwenza iminye imizamo, bese izithelo zizothola ukuma okuphelele, kanye nokwanda kwesitshalo kanye nokuphila kwesikhala sayo.
Yiziphi izici ezithinta isivuno esihle salezi zitshalo nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukushiya ensimini, izimpendulo zale mibuzo neminye ebalulekile mayelana nezaqathe zifunde kabanzi kulesi sihloko.
Izinto Eziphathelene Nokuvuna Okuhle
Umkhiqizo weziqathe kuncike ikakhulukazi ezihlukahlukene. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala kuzoba ngamamitha angama-30-60 ngekhilomitha ngayinye. Kodwa-ke, ukuvunwa kusukela phakathi nonyaka noma izinhlobo zekwephuzile kufinyelela ku-40-70 kg.
Kunezinhlobo ezinikezela inombolo yerekhodi yesitshalo, ezifinyelela ku-100 kg ngemitha yesikwele. Ukufeza imiphumela emihle akulula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, landela zonke izincomo zezinqathe ezikhulayo.
Kubalulekile! Uma ungahambisani nemithetho, ungalahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukuvunwa. Phakathi kwalezi zimiso kukhona izinga lembewu kanye nendawo enelanga.
Esinye sezikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu ukubonakala kwamahlumela okuqala. Kukhona ithuba lokukhulisa isivuno ngokulingana no-40%. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza lokhu okulandelayo:
- wafaka imbewu kuqala, wawafaka emanzini amahora ayisithupha, wabe esomile futhi etshalwe;
- ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela nangemva kwayo inhlabathi kumele ibe yinto encane;
- ngaphambi kokuthi kuvele izithombo kudingeka zihlale zihlaba umhlabathi.
Kukhona izinyathelo ezengeziwe ezenzelwe ukwandisa isivuno.
- Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, okusiza ukunciphisa amathuba okulimaza izithelo yizinambuzane.
- Ukutshala izaqathe kufanele ukhethe indawo ebanzi.
- Ukwandisa imbewu ukuhluma kuzokusiza ekujuleni okukhulu. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe ekwindla.
- Okulandelayo kuza umhlabathi womanyolo. Kungakwandisa impilo yeshalofu yemifino.
- Futhi, eqinisweni, kudinga ukuthambisa okulinganayo nokulinganayo kwezithelo.
Kungakanani ongathola izaqathe nge-ha 1 namahektare angu-1 eRussia?
Uma unakekele kahle izitshalo eziqotshwe izaqathe, isivuno esivela ku-hektare elilodwa singase sibe phakathi kwamathani angu-40 no-100. Inombolo yezitshalo ezivela ku-weave eyodwa ingafinyelela ithani elilodwa.
Zingaki izikhathi ekuphileni kwezithelo?
I-carrot ikhula kanye kuphela ngesikhathi sokuphila. Ukuze uthole izithelo nembewu, imifino ishiywe ebusika emhlabathini. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza nokuqoqa imbewu, izaqathe ezifa zivele zixoshwe.
Isikhathi sokukhula kusuka kokutshala kuze kube ukuvuthwa
Cabanga ukuthi zingaki izinsuku usanqante okhula endle kusukela ekutshalweni kuze kufike isikhathi sokuvuna. Isikhathi sokuvuna izaqathe kuncike ikakhulukazi ezihlukahlukene zayo.
- Ngakho, izinhlobo zakuqala ngokuvamile zikhula ezinsukwini ezingu-65-80.
- Izinhlobo eziphakathi kokuvuna zidinga isikhathi esiningi. Ngokuvamile lokhu akudluli izinsuku eziyikhulu.
- Ukuphumula phakathi nezinhlobo eziphuzile kudinga izinsuku eziyi-90-115 nezinsuku ezingu-110-130 zokuvuthwa, ngokulandelana.
I-countdown kumele iqale ukuhola ngaphambi kwesikhombisa sokuqala kwamaqathi.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukubhalisa ukutshala isanqante izinhlobo, ukuze ungaphutha ngesikhathi sokuvuna.
Imigomo yokuzikhethela
Inkathi yensimu ivame ukuphela ekwindla. Isikhathi sithinta usayizi kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo, kanye nokuphepha kwezitshalo ezimpande ngesikhathi sasebusika. Izinguquko ezimweni zezulu zingashintsha isikhathi sokukhetha inqwaba yemifino, kepha imithetho eyisisekelo isasebenza.
Ngokuhlelekile Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuvuna kuyadingeka, izitshalo eziningana ezimpande zicubungula isampula.. Uma sezivele zigcwele izimpande ezincane, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlanza izaqathe. Uma kungenjalo, kushiywa phansi eminye amasonto amabili.
Qaphela! Ukuphela kukaSepthemba yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuvuna. Uma ukuqoqa ngalesi sikhathi, kunamathuba okuvunwa okuphezulu kanye nokugcina isikhathi eside.
Udinga nini ukuhlanza ngokuvuthwa?
- Izaqathe zakudala ingaqoqwa izinsuku ezingu-60-80 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala. Noma kunjalo, izaqathe zalolu hlobo azifanelekile ukugcina isitoreji eside, yingakho kuvame ukutshala kancane. Ezimpandeni zamaqathi zakuqala azange alahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwawo, kumele zihlatshwe phakathi nango-Julayi.
- Isanqante ethandwa kakhulu Isizini sonyakaisikhathi sokuvuthwa sisezinsukwini ezingu-80 kuya kwezingu-110. Ukuqoqwa kwalesi isanqante ngokuvamile kuwela phakathi kukaSeptemba.
- Izinhlobo ezindala esimweni esihle sezulu, hhayi kuphela ngoSepthemba, kodwa futhi ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba kungasetshenziswa engadini. Isikhathi sokufika sineqhaza elikhulu. Ama-karoti avame ukutshala kuqala. Kunconywa ukurekhoda usuku lokuhlwanyela emasakeni esikhwameni bese uwagcina kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo. Lokhu kusiza ekubaleni usuku lokuvuna.
Indlela yokunquma ngokubonakala ukuthi isanqante isilungele?
Amaqiniso alandelayo abonisa ukulungela izaqathe zokuvuna.:
- Amaqabunga aphansi aphuzile, kanye nokulala kwawo.
Amaqabunga angaphakathi aphuzi abonisa ukuthi isanqante igula, ihlushwa izinambuzane noma ide kakhulu ensimini.
- Ukunambitheka kwama-izaqathi nokubukeka kwayo: izithelo ezinkulu eziluhlaza ze-orange nenambitha evumelana nawe.
- Lapho kubonakala izimpande ezimhlophe ezitshalweni zempande akunakwenzeka ukulibala ekuvuneni.
Ukwehlisa i-autumn kuthinta kahle isivuno sezimpande: ukwehla kancane kancane ekushiseni kunciphisa ukukhula kweziqongweni, kodwa isivuno sezimpande ngokwayo sanda ngobukhulu.
Okulandelayo, ividiyo ebonakalayo endleleni yokunquma isikhathi sokuhlanza izaqathe:
Kungenzeka yini ukushiya isivuno sempande?
I-isanqante isitshalo esingenamakhaza, asiyesabi amaqhwa, ngakho-ke singakwazi ukushiya phansi ebusika. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukucabangela lokho ngeqhwa elincane kanye namaqhwa aqinile, izaqathe kufanele zihlanganiswe ngento ethile. Ngentwasahlobo, izaqathe kumele zivele ngokushesha, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi ngeke kulungele ukudla.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo: kanjani ukuvuna?
Ukuvuna kuyinkqubo echitha isikhathi esiningi kunazo zonke izitshalo, kodwa noma kunjalo akukwenzi kube mnandi kangako. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuvuna: ngesandla futhi ngokuhlanganisa.
- Ngendlela yenqubo yokuqala, khipha kuqala amaqabunga owomile emaqabunga, ukuze esikhathini esizayo bangaphazamise ukuqoqwa.
- Khona-ke ifosholo yenza ukumba. Kunconywa ukwenza lokhu ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ugweme ukulimala izaqathe.
- Ngokulandelayo, izaqathe zidonsa iziqongo ngokucophelela bese ziphuma emibhedeni isikhathi esifushane, ngaleyo ndlela uvumele imifino nemifino izimpande zome.
Kubalulekile! Ungafaki izaqathi ngokushesha ngemva kwemvula, ngoba yandisa ingozi yomonakalo.
Okwamanje emhlabeni kukhona izindlela ezimbili zokuvuna imifino ehlangene.
- Indlela yokuqala yile ndlela elandelayo: qala ukugaya isanqante, bese usebenzisa kuphela inhlanganisela ezogxila ekuvuneni ngokwayo. Nokho, lolu hlobo lokuvuna luhilela ingozi enkulu yokulimala emntwaneni.
- Ngendlela yesibili, okubizwa okuthiwa i-haunting type harvester isetshenziswa. Kule nkathi, isanqante ithatha umthumeli wamabhande eziqongweni, emva kwalokho isitshalo sesitshalo sithunyelwa kudivayisi ekhethekile esika iziqongonga. Ingozi yokulimala emntwaneni isincane kakhulu.
Izindlela zokususa iziqongo
Ungaguquki iziqongo zezandla. Indlela engcono kakhulu ukuyisika ngomese. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma ama-scapes amancane ehlala ezinqotweni, bese esondela entwasahlobo, iziqongo zizoqala ukukhula, okungeke zinciphise ubuningi bezitshalo zempande, kodwa futhi ziyophuza kakhulu umsoco wayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusika ithiphu nge 1-2 millimeters.
Isitoreji esilandelayo
Imifino imifino ngaphambi kokubeka ebhokisini ehlanzekile ngaphansi kombhoshongo ngemuva kokususa iziqongqo ukuze uziphulukise kancane. Ngemuva kwalokho, izaqathe zihlungwa, ziqede izithelo ezimele. Ama-karoti ahloselwe ukugcina ubusika kumele agcinwe ekamelweni elipholile ngezinsuku ezingu-5-6.
Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo wokukhulisa izaqathe, kodwa isitshalo esicebile nesiphakeme semifino enempilo sizovimba zonke izimo eziphazamisayo. Into esemqoka ukulandela imithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala nokunakekela imifino yezimpande. Futhi-ke imifino ehlwabusayo futhi ekhukhulayo iyoba ekudleni kwansuku zonke komkhaya wonke, unikele zonke izakhi zayo kanye nokulandelela izakhi.
