Kungani izaqathe engadini zingakhiwa futhi zingakhulumi? Izindlela zokuxazulula le nkinga

Ekuhlaleni kwanoma yisiphi isiko kungaba nzima, okuyinto izokwenza ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Uma izaqathe zikhula kabi, kubalulekile ukuqonda isizathu salesi senzakalo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngemva kokuthola ukuthi yiyiphi into eyanciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo, kunethuba lokulungisa lesi simo kuze kufike isikhathi sokuguqulwa kwesitshalo nokulahlekelwa okuphelele kwesitshalo.

Futhi yilokho kanye noma yikuphi abanikazi abayidingayo. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi lapho isitshalo, esithatha isikhathi eside ukuba siphume futhi sihambe, asikhuli.

Indlela yokuqonda ukuthi imifino yempande idliwe?

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi izaqathe zikhula kabi zilula. Kufanelekile ukunaka isimo sendawo eluhlaza:

• Uma ubuningi obuhlaza besitshalo bukhula kancane, bubonakala bubuqili futhi buphilile, lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinciphisa ekukhuleni futhi sibhekene nokuntuleka komswakama.
• Kubalulekile ukudweba umbala wezinhlawulo. Kufanele kube luhlaza oluhlaza. Uma umbala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ophuzi, kanti futhi umile, khona-ke isiko cishe asinakho izakhi.
• Ukulimala entanyeni yempande yesiko kubonisa ukubukeka kwezinambuzane, okubuye kuphazamise ukubonakala kweziqongonga.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?

Lokhu okulandelayo yizizathu zokuthi izimpande zithinteka kanjani futhi zingakhiwe kahle, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokulimala okukhulu.

Akunakekelwa kahle

Njenganoma yisiphi isiko izaqathe zibalulekile ukunakekelwa okufanele.

• Iphutha elivame kakhulu abalimi abalwenzayo ukungabi khona kwe-hilling. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, ingxenye engaphezulu yempande iqala ukugqama ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Umbala oluhlaza walesi sigaba sempande kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuqoqwa kobuhlungu bezinyosi. Kuleli qophelo, izinqubo zokukhula zempande zimi.
• Enye iphutha eyenziwa lapho ukhula izaqathe kungukuthi ukhululeke ngesikhathi. Ngesikhathi lapho kuhluma imbewu, i-topsoil kufanele ibe yilapho ivulekile futhi ifakwe kahle.

Isimo sezulu esibi

Ukuhluma izaqathe kuqala lapho izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke lifinyelela emazingeni amathathu. Ukushisa okungcono kunazo zonke zokukhula kuba yi-18 + 24 degrees. Uma izinga lokushisa eliphakeme likhuphuka phezulu, khona-ke izinqubo zokukhula zezitshalo ezimpande ziyancipha.

Iphethini elingenayo yokufika

Ukujula okukhulu lapho imbewu yenzalo ihlwanyelwa kuyehluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni.

• Uma inhlabathi ene-dysy ekhona esakhiweni, khona-ke imbewu kufanele ihlanganiswe okungaphezu kuka-1 cm.
• Uma inhlabathi ingavamile, i-sandy, khona-ke imbewu ifakwe ku-4-5 cm.

1. Uma uhlwanyela izaqathe ezijulile kakhulu, umswakama uma ukuchelela ngeke ufinyelele imbewu, okwenze kube nzima ukuhluma.
2. Uma imbewu isondelene kakhulu nomhlabathi, ingozi yokuthi bazohlanzwa ngamanzi iyoqhutshwa umoya noma izinyoni zizozidla emva kokuba imbewu ikhona.

Ukujikeleza kwezitshalo okungavumelekile

Okubalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe bezinqathe ezikhulayo ukukhetha okulungile kokushintshanisa kwezitshalo.

Awukwazi ukuhlwanyela izaqathe endaweni efanayo lapho ukhule khona ngonyaka odlule. Kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kweminyaka engu-2-3 kuphela.

Kunconywa ukuhlwanyela izitshalo ezindaweni lapho utamatisi, ukhukhamba, amazambane, iklabishi, anyanisi, negalikhi zanda.

Izindawo lapho isaladi eluhlaza kanye ne-parsley ekhulile kufanele futhi igwenywe. ngenxa yobukhona bezinambuzane ezivamile.

I-microclimate mismatch

Uma izinga lokushisa nomswakama alihambisani nezimfuneko zesiko lokukhula okuhle, khona-ke isivuno esihle ngeke sitholakale.

Ukuhlwanyela izaqathe esitheni sokushisa nge-microclimate njalo kuyisisombululo esihle kakhulu se-microclimate engathandeki.

Ukweqile noma ukungabi nokukhanya engadini

Ukukhula okukhuthele kakhulu kwezitshalo zempande kubonakala emibhedeni, etholakala elangeni. Ngisho nokuhlala okuncane emthunzini wenkambiso kuyingozi, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kunciphisa.

Kufanelekile ukuba nombhede we-karoti ngendlela yokuthi lapho iziqongo zikhula, noma kunjalo, yonke imifino isentshonalanga futhi ayilungiseleli olandelayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akumukeleki ukuthola izitshalo ezide ohlangothini lwelanga, ezifana nommbila noma ubhekilanga, emibhedeni eseduze. Bazofaka izithunzi embhede wezaqathe futhi ngaleyo ndlela bavimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwayo.

Ukuphuza okungalungile

Omunye wemisebenzi enzima kunazo zonke ekunakekeleni impande ukuphuzisa. Ukujwayela kanye nokunisela kokunisela kuhlukahluka kuye ngesigaba sokukhula saleso sitshalo:

• Ngesikhathi lapho lesi sitshalo sithuthuka futhi sakhula ku-1 ingxenye yenkathi ekhulayo, kubalulekile ukuphuza izaqathe njalo futhi ngokuningi. Amasiko adinga umswakama ophezulu.
• Engxenyeni yesibili yenkathi ekhulayo, ngesikhathi sekuqediwe ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokwabo, umswakama obuningi uyovimbela kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko. Ngenxa yomswakama owedlulele, izimpande zivame ukuqhekeka, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kufanele kulinganiselwe.

Izinto ezimbi zokutshala izinga

Okuningi kuxhomeke kwimbewu ekhethiwe.

1. Unganikeli okuthandayo ezinhlobonhlobo ezithembisa ukuthi zikhulu kakhulu.

   Ukuvuthwa okusheshayo kwenzeka emifino encane noma ephakathi.

2. Akudingekile ukuthi ukhethe izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala ngenkathi ekhulayo yezinsuku ezingama-65. Izitshalo ezinjalo zivame ukugcinwa kahle. Kudingekile ukuhlwanyela imbewu enkulu, enempilo eluhlaza.

Ubukhulu be-seeding buphezulu kakhulu

Lephutha lingabhekiselwa ekungahambisani nehlelo lokuhlwanyela. Kubalulekile ukunamathela ngokuqinile ebangeni elibekiwe phakathi kwemigqa kanye nebanga phakathi kwezimpande. Asikwazi ukukhohlwa ngemibhede encane. Ukubamba umcimbi oyidingayo esigabeni samabili amabili weqabunga lamaqiniso. Ibanga elizosala phakathi kwezitshalo li-5 cm.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma isanqante engadini ingaqhubeki?

Uma isanqante ingakhuli kahle, kufanele wenze yonke imizamo yokulungisa isimo. Indlela yokwenza lokhu ichazwe ngezansi.

Ukuhambisana nemibandela yokunakekelwa

Ukulungisa lesi simo lapho kutholakala ukuthi isanqante ikhula kabi, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi yini eyabangela futhi isusa. Imisebenzi elandelayo izosiza ekuxazululeni lesi simo ngokukhula komnotho okungalungile:

1. Ukunisela, okunconywa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-5. Ukuze uvimbele ukulahlekelwa kwezitshalo ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezishisayo, udinga ukumanzisa inhlabathi ne-hose njalo kusihlwa. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe hhayi ngokufafaza, kodwa ngokusebenza ngamanzi ngamandla adonsela phansi. Le nqubo izonciphisa izinga lokushisa lomoya emibhedeni yamaqathe ngezididi eziningana.
2. Ukuqhuba ukhula wekhula, ikakhulu lokhu kusebenza esiteji sokukhula okusebenzayo kwesitshalo.
3. Uma izaqathe zitshala kakhulu, ukucwilisa kuyadingeka, kusale izimpande zisendaweni ka-5 cm.
4. Uma ingxenye engaphezulu yempande ibonakala emhlabathini, ukugqama kwemibhede kuyadingeka. Kufanelekile ukukwenza ngemva kwemvula noma ngosuku oludakayo, ngoba ezinsukwini ezinjalo izinambuzane ezikhethekile zezitshalo (isanqante fly) azilimazi izitshalo. Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa impande ngayinye ngomhlabathi, ukuwufihla ngokuphelele umhlaba.
5. Uma inhlabathi ikhiqize i-crust, kufanele isuswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukukhululeka kunconywa ngemuva kokunisela noma imvula ngayinye. Uma kuhlobo lwehlobo akekho ozolandela imibhede nsuku zonke, bese isanqante ifafazwa embhedeni wamaqathe ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwembewu enezingqimba zamamitha ambalwa. Lokhu kuzokuvimbela ukwakhiwa kwe-crust bese kunika izitshalo izakhi ezidingekayo (potassium).
6. Ukuthungatha inhlabathi. Le nqubo ivimbela ukutholakala kokhula futhi inondla inyosi enezakhi. Ungasebenzisa utshani, umquba obolile, utshani obomile, umquba.

Ukudla okukhethekile nokuvuselela

Akufanele sikhohlwe ngama fertilizer efaka umquba. Esiteji samahlumela okuqala, ungasebenzisa amakhambi abantu bese wenza isanqante:

• umlotha wokhuni;
• i-iodine;
• imvubelo;
• izinyoni zezinyoni;
• umquba obolile;
• ukukhipha inambuzane.

Amakhomikhali athengiwe asebenza kahle. Ama-karoti ayondla:

• i-potassium chloride;
• i-ammonium nitrate;
• superphosphate;
• Kemira wagon.

Ukuvimbela kabusha izinkinga

Ukuze uvimbele ngonyaka ozayo ekutshaleni izaqathe zesimo esinjalo, kubalulekile ukuhamba kahle ngenqubo yokutshala izitshalo, okungukuthi:

• cabangela ukujikeleza kwezitshalo;
• qaphela uhlelo lokutshala kanye nokujula kokufaka imbewu;
• isikhathi sokwenza imisebenzi ye-agrotechnical, ukukhulula inhlabathi kanye nokuhamba;
• izitshalo ezincane ezisesigabeni sesibili salamaqabunga;
• amanzi ngokuhambisana nezincomo ezingenhla;
• kusukela esigabeni sokukhula sesitshalo, ukuqhuba ukudla;
• ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwenhlabathi ngesikhathi sokuhluma imbewu.

Indlela ehlanganisiwe yokulima izitshalo izothola izivuno eziphakeme kakhulu futhi zikhule imifino enempilo, enempilo, enomsoco.

Ukukhulisa isiko, akunakwenzeka ukunganaki noma yimiphi imfuneko yobuchwepheshe bokulima. Ukukhetha imbewu enhle, ukunakekelwa okufanele kuhlanganiswe kuyokwenza umphumela omuhle ngesimo sezimpande ezinkulu nezimile.