Uhlobo oluthile lwezinqathe ezihlwabusayo - Shantane: izici nokulima

Omunye wemifino evame kakhulu eRussia yizinqathe. Cishe yonke insimu ikhula lemifino.

Uhlobo oluthile lwezinqathe - I-Shantane iyaziwa phakathi kwezakhamuzi zasehlobo ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okumnandi nokulula ukulima.

Lesi sihloko sichaza ngokuningiliziwe ubuchwepheshe beziqathi ezikhulayo Shantane. Kunikezwe izincomo eziwusizo zokunakekelwa kwesitshalo phakathi nenkathi yokukhula kanye nezici zokuvuna ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.

Imfanelo nencazelo

Ama-shantane ahlukahlukene ezweni lethu avela eFrance. Kungumphumela wokuwela kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zeqothu ezikhulayo ezweni. E-Russia, lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuyona ethandwa kakhulu ukusebenzisa.

Ukubukeka

Ngokuvamile isanqante esinombala okhanyayo we-orange. Ukuma kufana nesikhwama esiphezulu nesiphuzu esinqunyiwe. Ubude bempande buhlukile - kusuka ku-10 ukuya ku-15 cm. Imifino ineziqongo eziluhlaza eziluhlaza.

Isici esihlukile sengozi i-Shantane - ingqikithi yayo ayibonakali. Unenyama enomzimba, kodwa inomusa omuhle, omnandi.

Ngenxa yemali ephezulu ye-fructose ne-beta-carotene Isanqante se-Shantane iyasiza kakhulu futhi iqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini kanye nezici zokulandelela. Amagremu ayi-100 aqukethe cishe 9 mg we-beta-carotene no-0.5 g we-fructose.

Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela

I-Shantane ehlukahlukene inikeza isivuno esihle futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uyivune kabili ngenkathi. Kufaka izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala nangaphakathi nonyaka. Ungatshali izaqathe ekwindla, uma isifunda sokutshala sinesimo sezulu esinzima. Kungcono ukukwenza lokhu ekupheleni kwebusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa lithenga, futhi inhlabathi ivuselela kancane.

Ukuhluma kwembewu

Imbewu yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeShantane inokuhluma okuphezulu. Njengomthetho, u-70 kuya ku-80%, okuyinto inkomba enhle.

Isisindo sesilinganiso sempande

I-pulp isanqante yaseShantane inkulu kakhulu futhi isindayo, ubukhulu bezitshalo zempande bubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isanqante esisodwa sinesisindo esingama-150 - 200 amagremu.

Ukukhiqiza kusuka ku-1 ha

I-Shantane ezihlukahlukene ziyaziwa ngomkhiqizo wayo ophezulu. Ngayo yonke imithetho edingekayo yokulima, isivuno singakwazi ukufika ku-10 kg ngamamitha ayi-square kanye namathani ayi-100 ehektheleni.

Ukuqokwa nokugcina ikhwalithi

I-Shantane ezihlukahlukene izaqathe zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukupheka, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemithi yokwengezwa kwe-vitamin A nokudla kwezilwane. Inokudla, izimboni, i-medical and agricultural value. Ibanga elihlukile - kusuka ezinyangeni ezingu-8.

Izifunda ezikhulayo

Ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo nokuqhwa kwamaqhwa, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Shantane ziguqulelwa cishe noma yiziphi izimo ze-agroclimatic, ngakho zingatshalwa kulo lonke elaseRussia.

Kunconywa kuphi ukutshala?

I-Shantane ehlukahlukene ihambisana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zemvelo. Kodwa ukukhulela ekhaya akusiyona ikhambi elihle kakhulu. Kunconywa ukuyihlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile noma ku-greenhouse.

Ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane

Isici sokwehlukahluka ukuphikiswa okuphezulu kwezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane. Ngokungafani nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, kumelana nesanqante.

Ukuvusa

Kuye ngesimo sezulu, isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwama-karoti eShyantane singahlukahluka. Inkathi ekhulayo ivela ezinsukwini ezingu-90 kuya kwezingu-120. Izimpande zivuthiwe ngo-Agasti-Septemba.

Iyiphi inhlabathi ekhethayo?

Ukuze kuhlungwe izinhlobo ze-karoti Shantane engcono kakhulu enhlabathini enomsoco onozoncoko omuhle. Kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa isimo somhlabathi ngosizo lwe-humus nomquba. Inhlabathi ingaxubaniswa, iqukethe i-chernozem. Ake sithi inhlabathi enhle neyesihlabathi.

Ukuqina kwe-Frost nokuthutha

I-Shantane ehlukahlukene ine-resistance high frost. Kuyinhlonipho futhi ivumelanisa kalula namazinga okushisa aphansi. It has transportability high, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izindawo zayo ezizuzisayo kanye ukunambitheka okumnandi.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamapulazi namapulazi ahlalayo

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zeziqathe zinokukhiqizwa okuphezulu, azidingi izinyathelo ezengeziwe nezindleko zokuhlwanyela nokukhula. Kufanelekile ukuncelisa imfuyo ngenxa yokuphila kwayo kwelethefu elide nokukhiqiza.

Izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo

Izinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe ngenhla zihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zemifino yezimpande, njengeRoyal, i-Kuroda. Sibabala:

• Shanteane Squirish.
• Shanten royal.
• I-Darunok F1.
• Shantea Royal.
• Abaco
• I-Royal Chanson.
• Chantenay 2461.
• Kuroda Shantane.
• Beauty Maiden.
• I-Cascade F1.
• I-Winter Winter A-515.
• I-Cupar F1.
• I-Canterbury F1.
• Katrina.
• Abledo.
• Inhliziyo ebomvu yakwa-Chantenay.
• I-Red Cor.

Umlando wokuzala

Ukhokho wesanqante wesimanje, u-Shantane, isanqante esiluhlaza oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka e-Afghanistan, esinomzimba oqinile futhi omile.

Abazalisi baseFrance baletha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ngenxa yokuhlolwa okuningi phakathi nekhulu lama-20. Isheshe isakaze emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokuvunwa kwayo ephezulu, ukunqanda kwamaqhwa kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi.

Umehluko kwezinye izinhlobo

Ama-carrot enama-Shantane anezici eziningana ezihlukile.:

1. Unomqondo ogcwele futhi onomsoco, onobuningi obukhulu.
2. Izaqathe zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziqukethe amavithamini A amaningi kanye noshukela.
3. Unomcibisholo ohlangothini oluncane kunezinye izinhlobo uma ukhula.
4. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-kroti azikwazi ukuqoqwa kwe-solanine, zinamazinga amakhulu futhi ifomu eliqondile.

Amandla nobuthakathaka

Uhlobo oluhlukahlukene lwe-Shantane lunamathuba amaningi.:

• Unomkhiqizo ophezulu, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezingahlwanyelwa ezindaweni ezihlukene, ukuzithoba ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela nokugcina.
• Izaqathe ezinjalo ziphikisana nezifo ezivame kakhulu nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane.
• Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyinto yonke - ingasetshenziswa kokubili ukusetshenziswa nokudla kwesilwane.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuvunwa kwekwephuzile, ukunambitheka nokubukeka kwezitshalo ezimpande kunciphisa. Kubuye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlela isitoreji esifanele se izaqathe ezivuthiwe.

Izinsuku zokufika

Imigomo yokutshala izaqathe Shantane iyahlukahluka kuye ngezifunda. Ukukhula kwasekuqaleni kumele kutshalwe ngoMashi noma phakathi kwehlobo, futhi phakathi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa - phakathi kwentwasahlobo.

Ukulungiselela

Qala ukulungiselela imbewu yokutshala kumele ibe nezinsuku ezingu-4-5 ngaphambi kwayo. Imbewu ifakwa kwi-gauze emanzi futhi ifakwe amanzi. Ungase uzinake amahora amaningana ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Ukuze ulungise inhlabathi yokutshala, udinga ukumba imibhede embalwa engajulile futhi wenze ama-humus ngenhlabathi ngesilinganiso se-1: 4.

Inqubo

Ngaphambi kokutshala embhedeni wensimu, kubalulekile ukwenza imifula engaba ngu-3 cm ejulile ebangeni lika-15-20 cm komunye nomunye bese uyamanzi. Imbewu ingafafazwa ngesitashi ukuze ihlukaniswe kangcono komunye nomunye.futhi uzibeke ngezandla. Ibanga phakathi kwembewu ngu 2-3 cm.

Ukunakekela

1. Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kudingeka ukhulule njalo umhlabathi. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu kanye ngesonto, ugweme ukubunjwa kwezibhamu.
2. Ukhula olusungulwa ngokuqinile ngemuva kwesikhathi kufanele lususwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-5-6.
3. Lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala, ukucwiliswa kwenziwa. Ibanga elingama-3 kuya ku-4 cm lishiywe phakathi kwabo. Ukunciphisa okwesikhashana kwenziwa emva kwamasonto amathathu.
4. Ukunisela izitshalo kudinga izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngeviki, kodwa amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukuchelela kumile.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ukuvuna kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngoSepthemba-Okthoba. Kubalulekile ukuyiqoqa ngesikhathi ukuze ungadli ukunambitheka. Emva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala kudingeka ukubala amasonto angu-15. Lesi yisikhathi esihle sokuqoqa izaqathe.

Izifo nezinambuzane

I-shantane ezihlukahlukene izaqathe azivamiwe ezifweni nezifo.. Ezinye zezilwane zithinteka ekubukeni kwezimpukane.

Ukuze kuvikelwe izifo futhi ukuvela kwezinambuzane kudinga ukubulala amagciwane ngaphambi kokutshala futhi ukhethe indawo enhle, ukhanyiswe inani elanele elangeni.

Izinkinga ezikhulayo nezixazululo

Ngokunakekelwa okungalungile kwezitshalo, izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zingase ziphakame.

• Uma lesi sitshalo siba mncane, futhi isivuno singasheshi ukuvela, impande yenkinga ingase ibe khona lapho kungekho khona ukhula. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba ukhula njalo ubeke imibhede.
• Enye inkinga evamile yinyama eqine kakhulu nokuntula ukunambitheka. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuba uchithe izaqathe kaningi.
• Uma izithelo ziqhekekile futhi ziwohloka ngesikhathi sokugcina isitoreji, ukuphuza okuphikisanayo kufanele kunciphise.

Imifino Imifino Ehlobene

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-izaqathe, kunezindlela, ngokusho kwezici ezithile, ezifana nohlobo lweChantane.

1. Uhlobo oluhlukahlukene lwe-Amsterdam kufana neShyantane nesimo sayo esicacile se-tip cylindrical. Uphawu olufanayo luhlukile kohlobo lwe-Nantes.
2. Uhlobo oluhlukahlukene lwe-Berlikum Kufana noShatana ngokuyinhloko ngemali eningi ye-carotene noshukela, kanye nokuphila kwelanga elide.

Noma yisiphi isitimu, ngisho nesiqalo, ngokuzikhandla ngokusemandleni sikwazi ukukhulisa isivuno esicebile samaqathi ebusika. Uma ulandela yonke imithetho, umphumela uzokujabulisa ngokuqinisekile.