Isimangaliso seShayina - amazambane "i-Kiranda": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe

"I-Kiranda", ebizwa nangokuthi iMicrosoft Miracle, iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene emangalisayo yamazambane okuqala, ekahle ezindaweni ezifudumele. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zikhula ngokushesha, umkhiqizo ujabulela ngisho nabalimi abangenalwazi.

Amazambane awungenwe kwirejista yombuso, kodwa awaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezimoto abazithengisa ngokuzithandela izinto zembewu. Funda konke mayelana nokuhlukahluka kwamazambane eKiranda - izithombe, izincazelo kanye nezincomo kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo.

Amazambane "i-Kiranda": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe

Gcwalisa izici zamazambane "isithombe se-Kiranda":

Izici zempande

Amazambane "i-Kiranda" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zetafula eziphezulu. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zivuthwe ezinsukwini ezingu-50 emva kokuduka. Ukuqhathaniswa okunjalo kuhle kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Lapho omisiwe kahle, izilimo eziyizigaxa eziqoqwe zigcinwa kahle.

Ubusi obukhulu obuphakathi, okwenyuka ngokulinganisela, ukwakheka kobukhulu obuhlaza kunesilinganiso. Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aphakathi nendawo, alula, anemiphetho emincane ye-wavy nemigodi emisiwe ecacile. I-corolla iyinkimbinkimbi, ihlangene nezimbali ezinkulu ezibomvu ezikhanyayo. I-scanty yezimbali ku-corollas ehlobo elishisayo kakhulu angeke ifakeLokhu akuthinti ukuhlanganiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ukubunjwa kwe-Berry kuphansi.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwama-potato ama-early "Kiranda" - ikhono lokushintsha izinga kuye ngokuthi kunezimo zezulu nezimo ezikhulayo. Inyama iyashintsha umbala kusuka kukhilimu kuya ophuzi, i-peel ingaba yimbi noma ilula kakhulu. Emhlabathini ovundile, izilimo eziyizigaxa ziba ezinkulu futhi, ngisho nabampofu ziba zijula, zishintsha isimo.

Hlunga kancane kancane izifo. Akathinteki ngumdlavuza wezambatho, i-cyst nematode yegolide, isikhumba esivamile. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zibonisa ukumelana okuhle namagciwane kanye nezifo ze-fungal, okungajwayelekile ukuthi zihlushwa yi-blight noma i-fusarium, nakuba ngezikhathi ezithile ama-fungicides angadingeka.

"I-Kiranda" inomusa omuhle, olinganiselayo. Izilimo eziyizigaxa azomile, hhayi amanzi, i-pulp ephuzi ephuzi ayifuni ukukhanya lapho isika futhi ipheka. Okuqukethwe okwenziwe ngesitashi akuvumeli amazambane ukuba abilise kahle, izimpande zinganakwa, ziphekwe, zigqoke, ziphekwe, ziphekwe ngamafutha ajulile.

Hlunga efanelekile ukulungiselela izimboni zemikhiqizo eqedile: amafrimu amaFriziwe afriziwe, ama-mixes yemifino, noma isobho lokugqoka.

Umsuka

Ezihlukahlukene zamazambane iKiranda unomlando ongavamile. I-batch yokuqala yezilimo eziyizigaxa zaziswa e-Ukraine ngo-1993. Umsebenzi wokuzalanisa okwenziwe emasimini okuhlola esifundeni saseDonetsk, umsunguli waba inkampani enkulu yaseShayina.

Nokho, le phrojekthi yahluleka, amaShayina ashiya futhi ashiya emasimini izinto ezihlwanyelwe. Ingxenye yamazambane yayivuna ama-potato ososayensi basekhaya.

Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezitshaliwe zaveza isivuno esikhulu, esaba yisisekelo sezinhlobo ezizayo ze-Kiranda. Igama lezinhlobonhlobo limelela i-Chinese Early Davydova (ngegama lomsayense owathatha isifundo samazambane).

Hlunga akazange amukele ukuqashelwa ngokomthetho, akufakiwe kubhalisiwe bezwe. Kodwa-ke, amazambane asakazeke phakathi kwabalimi nabalimi be-amateur. Bashintsha ngenhlanhla imbewu yezinto eziphilayo, baqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwe-Kiranda ngokunqoba emasimini nasemasimini emazweni ahlukene.

Amandla nobuthakathaka

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene zihlanganisa:

• ukunambitheka okuhle kwemifino yezimpande;
• isivuno esikhulu;
• ukuvuthwa kokuqala kakhulu;
• ukushisa nokubekezela kwesomiso;
• ukubekezelelana nezimo zezulu ezimbi;
• ukufika emhlabathini ompofu noma wobumba;
• Imbewu yezinto eziphilayo ayihlali phansi;
• ukumelana nezifo ezivame kakhulu;
• isivuno sigcinwa kahle.

Izinkinga zihlanganisa i-tuber engalingani. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla, ngaphezu kwamahle namazambane, zikhula ezincane noma ezincane.

Ukukhiqiza kungenye yezinkomba eziyinhloko zamazambane ezikhulayo. Qhathanisa lesi sici sokwehlukahluka kwe-Kiranda nezinye izinhlobo:

Izici zokukhula

Amazambane umhlaba ngo-EphreliNgalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi igcina umswakama okwanele. Ama-shrub afakwa ebangeni elingaba ngu-30-35 cm ne-75 cm emgqeni wokuhlukanisa. I-Humus noma i-wood ash ingadilizwa emigodini.

Ngenkathi udinga isikhathi Izikhathi ezingu-2-3 zihlwanyela ukutshala, zakha amaphuzu aphezulu. Ukwehlukanisa emkhatsini wemigqa kuzokulondoloza kusuka kunokhula.

Ukwandisa umthamo wokunisela wokunciphisa okunconywayo. Uma kungenjalo, kunconywa ukuphuza ukutshala izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngendlela evamile. Kungenzeka ukwandisa umkhiqizo ngosizo lwamanyolo, okungcono okuphilayo. I-mullein evumelekile noma i-bird droppings efanelekile. Mayelana nokuthi uzothela kanjani amazambane, kanjani ukondla ngesikhathi sokutshala, funda ezihlokweni ezihlukene.

Siphinde sikuqaphele ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nezinye izindlela zamazambane ezikhulayo: ubuchwepheshe beDutch, kanye nemigqomo nezikhwama.

Lapho ukuvunwa kufanele kugxile esimweni sezolimo. Uma nje iqala ukubola, sekuyisikhathi sokumba izilimo eziyizigaxa. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna yonke imifino kunconywa ukuba usike.

Ngemuva kokumba, amazambane asomile kahle emngceleni noma ngaphansi komcibisholo. Ukuvuna okuvunyiwe kuhlungwa, ngisho nezilimo eziyizigaxa eziphakathi nendawo zihlelwa ukutshala okuqhubekayo. Izinto zembewu ayihambisani nokuguqulwa, isibuyekezo asiyithathi iminyaka eminingi.

Ithebula elingezansi linikeza izinkomba zezici ezinjengobukhulu bempahla ye-tuber kanye nenkhulumo yephesenti yokugcina izinga lamazambane ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene, uma kuqhathaniswa:

Ukugcina amazambane akubandakanyi noma yimiphi imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula imithetho yokugcina ebusika, kuhle ukukhetha indawo futhi ukhumbule izinsuku.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Ezihlukahlukene amazambane "Kiranda" ivikelwe kahle ezifweni eziningi eziyingozi: umdlavuza wezambane, i-cyst ne-nematode yegolide, i-scab ejwayelekile, i-verticillus, i-Alternaria, amabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene namagciwane. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kukuvumela ukuthi uvune ukuqhuma okukhulu kokulimaza okuphelile. Ezinyathelo zokuvimbela, ukutshala kungaphathwa kanye nanoma yisiphi isidakamizwa esinezethusi.

Ezimweni ezishisayo, iziqongo zamazambane zithinteka ngama-aphid, izibungu zesicabucabu. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zingahlaselwa ngokuchofoza amabhungane. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokutshala kuzokwazi ukugqoka imbewu kanye nokwelashwa kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala ngezinambuzane. Isivikelo esihle ngokumelene nezinambuzane sizoba ngumuthi okhuni, ozofakwa emithonjeni.

Futhi esiteshini sethu uzothola ulwazi oluningi oluwusizo mayelana nenhlekelele enjalo njenge-Colorado bezambane beetle.

Funda konke ngezindlela zokubhekana nazo.

I-Kiranda ingokoqobo okutholakele ezindaweni eziningi eziseningizimu. Izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ukushisa nesomiso, ngaphandle kokunciphisa isivuno, ngisho nasemhlabathini ompofu. Imbewu yezinhlanzi ezalandela zingalandelwa ngokuzimela, isindise ekuthengeni.

Ngezansi kwetafula uzothola izixhumanisi ezihlokweni ezinhlobo zamazambane ukuvuthwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene: