Sakha amazambane ama-Zhuravinka: izici kanye nencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, isithombe

Amazambane amaZhuravinka alinganiswa yibo bobabili abalimi nabanikazi bezilimo zasemapulazini ezizimele.

Lezi zihlukahlukene ziyaziwa ngokuvunwa kwayo okuphezulu nokuphikisana nezifo zezitshalo ezingenawo umhlabathi. Amazambane akuvumela ukuba uthole izithelo eziphezulu ngokunakekelwa okuncane.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngokuningiliziwe ngalolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene. Incazelo kanye nezici, ikakhulukazi i-agrotechnics kanye nokuthambekela kwezifo, kanye nolwazi oluningi oluthakazelisayo.

Amazambane amaZhuravinka: incazelo ehlukahlukene

I-Zhuravinka ibhekisela ezinhlotsheni eziphakathi kwesikhathi, isikhathi sokutshala imbewu kuya ekuvuneni sisukela ezinsukwini ezingu-80 kuya kwezingu-100. I-peel yamazambane inesilinganiso sobukhulu, ifakwe ngombala obomvu. Iphethini elinama-mesh elinesihluthulelo esincane libonakala ebusweni bezilimo eziyizigaxa, kodwa ngenxa yezilimo ezincane zezimpande iphethini ingaba buthakathaka kakhulu.

Amehlo ebusweni be-tuber asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo. Izitshalo ezikhanyayo zezitshalo zihlongozwe phansi, zimbozwe ngemicu encane. Iziqongo zamahlumela zincane. Uhlobo lwempande luyindilinga (i-ovoid) noma i-oval. Amazambane afinyelela ku-7-10 cm ubude. Esikenyeni esisodwa, njengombuso, zikhona kusuka amazambane ama-14 kuya kwangu-18, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi inani labo lifinyelela ku-25.

Isisindo sezilimo eziyizigaxa sifinyelela ku-90-160 amagremu. Lezi yizilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa, kodwa izithelo ezincane zingase zibe khona esidlekeni. Ukuqukethwe kwesitashi kumifino yezimpande kusuka ku-14 ukuya ku-19%. Inyama yamazambane inombala ophuzi okhanyayo. I-pulp ingahlukahluka (okuphakathi kuya okuhle). Sika izimpande zomswakama azifaki ukuthungatha emoyeni.

Ukuqhathanisa okuqukethwe kwe-starch kuma-nezilimo eziyizigaxa ze-Zhuravinki nezinye izinhlobo, ungasebenzisa idatha etafuleni elingezansi:

Ingxenye esemhlabathini yesitshalo inokuphakama okulinganiselwe (kufika ku-50 cm), iqhuma ilula kancane, kepha ingafakwa phakathi kwehlathi. Isiqu sifinyelela ubukhulu buka-0.6-1 cm, amaqabunga esihlahla ajikelezileyo, aqinile, aqoshwe embala omnyama obumnyama. Emaphethelweni amaqabunga avu, futhi umvuthwandaba omkhulu weqabunga ubumnyama. Amahlumela, avela enhlabathini ngezinsuku ezingu-12-25 emva kokutshala, akhule ngokushesha futhi ngokulinganayo.

Ama-inflorescences emahlathini amazambane avela ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, amancane futhi ahlanganisa izimbali ezibomvu noma ezibomvu eziyisi-5-6. Amajikijolo amazambane ahlukahlukene Zhuravinka okungajwayelekile. Ikhwalithi yalesi sikole ngu-96%..

Ngekhwalithi yokugcina yezinye izinhlobo ongayibona etafuleni elingezansi:

Isithombe

Bheka isithombe: amazambane ama-Zhuravinka

Izici

I-Zhuravinka yanconywa ukulima phakathi neRussia (ezindaweni zaseVolga-Vyatka, eNyakatho-West naseCentral yezwe). Izimo zemvelo zalezi zindawo zifana nezaseBelarus.

Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kuncike ezimweni zesimo sezulu, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ukunyakaza kwenhlabathi, ukutholakala komanyolo emhlabathini kanye nekhwalithi yempahla yezinhlamvu. Kuncike ezinconyweni zabalimi ungathola ama-kilogram angu-75 noma ngaphezulu kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kusuka kumamitha ayisishiyagalolunye (noma 630-640 kilograms ngayinye). Lezi amazambane zigcinwe kahle emiphongolweni yonke ebusika.

Funda futhi mayelana nesikhathi, indawo nendawo yokushisa yesitoreji, ngezinkinga ezingenzeka.

Mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izimo ezidalwa lapho zigcinwa ezitolo zemifino nokuthi zingayenza kanjani endlini, emabhokisini, emabhokisini, esiqandisini nasefomini ehlutshiwe.

Ukudla

I-Zhuravinka idume ngokunambitheka kwayo. Kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziselwe ukwakha ama-chips amazambane. Amazambane anjalo afanele ukupheka ama-casseroles ahlukahlukene namazambane ahlambulukile.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezakhiwo zamazambane: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyakudla i-juice eluhlaza nokuphuza, kungani udla amahlumela nokuthi yini i-solanine eyingozi.

Izwe lokuzalisa kanye nomnyaka wokubhalisa

Amazambane amaZhuravinka aphethwe abalimi baseBellarusiya eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-10 eyedlule, eSikhungweni Sokucwaninga Nezokukhiqiza se-National Academy of Sciences yaseBelarus ukuze kukhule amazambane nezithelo nezitshalo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazinelungelo lobunikazi, kanti kakade ngo-2005, iZhuravinka yangena ebhalweni lwezitshalo zezolimo zaseRussia.

Izici zokukhula

Lokhu kuhlukahluka kudinga ukuchelela okulinganiselayo (ayikubekezeli kokubili isomiso nokuswakama ngokweqile). Ngesikhathi sesomiso, ingxenye yomhlabathi isitshalo. Ngomswakama ophezulu kuziqu nezimpande kungavela ukulimala kwekwephuzile.

KUBALULEKILE: Amazambane e-Zhuravinka akhula kahle emhlabathini onsaturated ne nitrogen.

Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhlukahluka akuyona into eqondile ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi.. Umhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala kufanele kube yinto evulekile, kanti umhlabathi kufanele ube nesayizi encane namaphakathi (0.5-2.5 cm). Le nsimu evamile yensimu, ehlwanyelwe ngendaba ephilayo. Emhlabathini ungenza umquba wokufakelwa ohloselwe amahlathi amazambane.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungadla kanjani amazambane, nini futhi ungasebenzisa kanjani umanyolo, yiziphi ezihamba kahle futhi kungani kudingeka izitshalo zommbiwa.

Futhi nendlela yokutshala amazambane lapho utshala.

Ukumelana nokulimala komshini ku-tuber ku-Zhuravinki kuhle. Izitshalo zomsuka zipholisa ngokushesha amanxeba.

Ukutshala amazambane angeke utshalwe ngokuqinile. Ngakho, ibanga eliphakanyisiwe phakathi kwemigqa lisuka ku-70 kuya ku-80 cm, futhi ibanga eliphakathi kwamaketanga akumele libe ngaphansi kwama-20-25 cm. Ukujula kokutshala kuxhomeke ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi. Emhlabathini we-tuber yombumba etshalwe endaweni ejulile ka-6-7 cm, futhi uma inhlabathi iqukethe ishlabathi esiningi - ekujuleni kwe-10 cm.

Kuye ngesifunda, izinsuku zokunconywa ezinconywayo nazo ziyashintsha. E-latitude kaMoscow nasenyakatho yenhloko-dolobha, ukuqhuma komhlaba kuqhutshwa phakathi no-May, ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia central - ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, noma ngasekuqaleni kukaMeyi.

Izindlela eziqhubekayo ze-agrotechnical zivamile - ukuphakama, ukuchelela, ukuxubha.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ukuguguleka kuyadingeka yini kumazambane, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani nokuthi ungayenza kanjani ngokufanele ngesandla futhi ngosizo lwe-tractor ngemuva. Kanti futhi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuvuna ukuvuna okuhle ngaphandle kwe-weeding ne-hilling.

Ukuhlangenwe nakho kweminyaka eyishumi okukhulisa lokhu okuhlukahlukene eRussia kubonise ukuthi i-Zhuravinka ibekezelele ngokwanelisayo amazinga aphansi angama-7 degrees Celsius namazinga aphakeme angama-36-38 degrees Celsius.

Izifo nezinambuzane

I-Zhuravinka imelana nesilonda kanye nama-virus, i-M ne-S. Lezi mbatata ziphikisana nesifo somlenze omnyama, i-nematode yamazambane, kanye nomfanekiso ojwayelekile wesifo somdlavuza.

Lesi sitshalo singathinteka ukulimala okuphelile. Lesi sifo sibangelwa ama-microorganisms alula ahlala emanzini anomswakama. Ukuphakama okwengeziwe kuthinteka, kancane kancane - uhlelo lwempande nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Kodwa ngokujwayelekile, lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana kakhulu nokulimala kwekwephuzile kunezinye eziningi.

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kubonisa ukumelana okulinganiselwe ne-rhizoctoniosis nama-virus we-L ne-Y. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuholela ekuguquleni, ukuphuza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuphazamisa amaqabunga, kanye nokubola nokufa kwezimpande. Funda futhi nge-Alternaria, Fusarium ne-Verticillis.

Inambuzane ejwayelekile kunazo zonke i-Colorado amazambane ama-via-beetle, izimpungushe ezikhula emaqabunga eqabunga futhi zichithe ngokushesha. Futhi ingozi yokutshala kungenzeka ibe yizinyosi, ama-wireworms, amabhu amazambane, ama-cicadas, amabhu nama-aphid. Mayelana nalezi zinambuzane uzothola izinto eziningiliziwe kwiwebhusayithi yethu.

I-Zhuravinka njalo ngonyaka iba ethandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo kanye nokunambitheka okukhulu. Lezi amazambane akunzima ukukhula, ngokuchelela kahle, inikeza isivuno esiphezulu esiqinisekisiwe.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokutshala amazambane. Silungiselele uchungechunge lwezihloko ngalesi sihloko. Funda konke ngobuchwepheshe beDutch kanye nokulima kwezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, ukuthi yiziphi amazwe ezikhula kakhulu kule mifino nokuthi ungayenza kanjani lo msebenzi ube ibhizinisi. Futhi nakho konke ngezindlela ezingezansi: ngaphansi kosizi, kuzikhwama, emabhaleni, ebhokisini.

Ngezansi kwetafula uzothola izixhumanisi ezihlokweni ezinhlobo zamazambane ukuvuthwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene: