Ukusatshalaliswa kokufakelwa onogwaja

Ukusabalalisa okufakelwayo kunezici eziningi ezinhle, okwenza kube nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kanye nenani lemboni yezingane ezisenesikhathi esizayo.

Kodwa-ke, ezimbalwa izifuyo zezilwane zazisa ukubaluleka kwalenqubo.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukudluliselwa kwamakhemikhali kungcono kakhulu kunokwemvelo.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nayo usebenzisa izilwane ezivamile njengezinogwaja.

Okuqukethwe:

• Izinyathelo zokubopha okufakelwayo
• Ukuthatha i-biomaterial kumuntu wesilisa
• Ucwaningo lwelabhulethi lwe-biomaterial
• Isingeniso ngqo esibelethweni sesifazane
• Ukunakekela unogwaja emva kokuqothulwa

Izinzuzo zokwehlukaniswa okufakwayo

Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezifuywayo akuzona ezithandwa emazweni aseCIS, kodwa emazweni aseYurophu le nqubo ikwandisa isilinganiso sayo njalo ngonyaka. Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, kunezikhungo eziningana ezakhiwe emazweni angaphandle, ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuzalisa okungezona zendabuko kwezolimo. Inombolo enkulu kunawo wonke igxila ensimini yaseHungary, eSpain, e-Italy naseFrance.

Uyazi? Owokuqala owasebenzisana nokuqothulwa kwezilwane, kukhona ama-Asiriya asendulo. Ngisho neminyaka eyizinkulungwane ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu, ngaleyo ndlela yakha ngenkuthalo izinhlobo zohlobo lwamahhashi wendawo.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zendlela eziqhathaniswa nokusabalalisa kwendabuko:

• Ukusebenza kahle, ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kufinyelela cishe ngo-90%;
• ikhono lokuthola inzalo eqinile ngenxa yenani elincane labesilisa;
• izindleko eziphansi, izindleko eziphelele zenqubo ziphansi kakhulu kunokuqukethwe kwamanyolo amaningi wesilisa;
• ikhono lokuhoxisa kuphela abantu abakhiqizayo-abayigugu nabanamandla kakhulu;
• inqubo ivumela ukutshala abesifazane abayishumi nambili ngesikhathi esisodwa;
• Ukuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezifuywayo zofuzo enogwaja kutholakala ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe kubantu abasha;
• ukuqothulwa kwamakhemikhali kunomthelela ekwenzeni izilwane eziphikisana nezifo ezihlukahlukene;
• ukwandisa ukuzivikela okuphelele kwemfuyo;
• ukubopha okufakelwayo kukuvumela ukuthi udale inqubo engaphazanyelwe yokuthola imikhiqizo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yonyaka nobani nezinye izici;
• ukukhulelwa okunjalo kwenza kube lula ukuthola inzuzo enkulu kunenani eliphansi.

Thola uma kungenzeka ukuvumela unogwaja ekuhlanganiseni nokuthi kufanele uwenze kanjani emgwaqweni ngesikhathi sokugcinwa komgwaqo.

Izinyathelo zokubopha okufakelwayo

Inqubo ye-insemination enjalo inezinyathelo ezimbalwa nje. Okokuqala, abesilisa kufanele bakhethwe ngokucophelela okuyizinto eziphilayo, bese bekulungiselela kahle bese bezethula emzimbeni wesifazane. Ayidingi imishini eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nelabhorethri ebiza, kodwa ngaphandle kokugcina ngokucophelela yonke imithetho, ngeke kube lula ukufeza inzalo enempilo.

Ukuthatha i-biomaterial kumuntu wesilisa

Ukuthatha i-biomaterial kuhilela ukukhipha isisu kumzimba wesilisa ngokwemvelo. Eziningi zamapulazi amakhulu, izikhungo ezikhethekile zokukhulelwa zidalwa kulokhu, kepha ngezinhloso zasekhaya kuyasiza kakhulu ukuthola ikamelo elikhethekile elinendawo efanele kubantu abangu-2-3 (cishe ngamamitha ayi-1.5-2 cubic).

Le nqubo iphinde ihlinzekele ukuba khona kwesitsha esithile esikhethekile sokuqoqwa kwamanzi angokwenyama, ehlanganisa i-capsule ephakathi kanye negobolondo langaphandle elenziwe nge-latex noma i-raber, efana nomumo wesifazane womlenze.

Njengabaxhasi, abantu abakhulu nabanempilo kuphela abakhethiwe, ngaphandle kwe-pathologies, izifo ezingelapheki, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izidingo zokukhiqiza, abesilisa kufanele babe nesimungumzimba esithuthukile, kanye nesambatho esinobukhulu nesifenqo.

Kubalulekile! Njengabaxhasi, kungcono ukukhetha abantu abathulile futhi abahle kakhulu, ngoba ukuthatha izinto eziphilayo ngokuvamile kubangele ukuhlukumeza okukhulu kunogwaja, okuthinta ngokuqondile inani lezinto eziphilayo.

Okuhle kakhulu, uma abanikeli bezinsizwa ezincane eneminyaka engu-1-4. Kule nkinga, ikhono elikhulu lokufaka umquba we-biomaterial ekhethiwe lifinyelelwa (kuze kufike ku-50 abesifazane kusuka kwesinye isabelo), kanye nokuzalisa okuphezulu (kuze kube ngamamitha angu-12). Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zesampula eziphilayo eziyindoda:

1. Ukulungiselela kwangaphambi. Ngalesi sigaba, bahlola konke okudingekayo (iseli, isitsha sokuqoqwa kwezinto eziphilayo, njll) ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo, futhi banciphise isitsha seqoqo le-sperm besebenzisa isisombululo se-70% se-alcohol noma i-1-2% yesisombululo esisemthethweni.
2. Ukutshala kabusha insikazi emgodini kuya kwendoda. Esikhathini sokukhiqiza okusebenzayo, abantu bobulili obuhlukile abenza onogwaja njengendlela yokuvuselela eqinile eyenza uhlelo lokuzala luveze imbewu, ngakho-ke, unogwaja awukwazi ukuhanjiswa ngokudla. Unogwaja emgodini kufanele uqine ngokuqinile namabhande akhethekile, ngaphandle kwalokho ucingo luzoba nzima. Isitsha sokuqoqwa kwezinto eziphilayo kufanele sifakwe phakathi kwemilenze yezinsikazi esiseduze eduze nezitho zofuzo.
3. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zembewu. Emva kwakho konke ukuqeqeshwa, owesilisa uvumelekile kwabesifazane. Lapho owesilisa eqala ukugonywa, udinga ukufaka ngokucophelela lesi sitsha, futhi lapho owesilisa eshiya owesifazane, uyisuse ngokucophelela, ukuze ungadli inzalo. Kusukela okokuqala, kunzima ukuthatha ukudla okungokwenyama, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba usebenzise izikhathi eziningana ngaphambi kocingo oluyinhloko.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze uthuthukise ukuphepha kwe-spermatozoa futhi ukwandise ukusebenza kahle kwesampula, isitsha kumele kuqala sishiswe kancane ku-40 ° C.

Ucwaningo lwelabhulethi lwe-biomaterial

Ukuhlola i-laboratory yamasampuli akhethiwe kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusabalalisa okuphumelelayo kokufakelwa onogwaja. Ngenxa yalezi zinhloso, uhlaziye ukuhlaziywa okubanzi ketshezi, okuyinto esemqoka okuhlolwa ngayo okuncane kakhulu. Ikhombisa ngokuqondile izinga lembewu ekhethiwe, kodwa okokuqala, isampula ngayinye ihlolwe ngokubukeka:

1. Isici esiphezulu sekhwalithi sinokuvumelana okubonakalayo kwe-shade elimhlophe noma eliphuzi eliphuzi. Uma kukhona ezinye ukungcola, lo magazini ulahlwa.
2. Imbewu efanele kufanele ibe nephunga elithile, eliphikelela. Amasampula anomuncu obi kakhulu (ikakhulukazi obolile), anqatshiwe, njengoba lokhu kubonisa i-pathologies ohlelweni lokuzala, okuyinto eyobathinta ngqo inzalo yesikhathi esizayo.

Ngemuva kokuhlola okubukwayo, isamba esincane samaminerasi amancane asithathwa.

Kulesi sigaba, hlaziya:

• i-sperm motility kanye nezici zabo zokuziphatha;
• inani lamaseli enempilo futhi awonakele;
• ukutholakala kwanoma yikuphi ukungcola emzimbeni wamanzi omzimba;
• isikhathi sokuphuza umuthi;
• isihloko (inombolo yamaseli ku-1 ml we-liquid).

Imbewu enempilo ibonakala ngezici ezilandelayo:

• ukuhlunga kwamaseli ku-1 ml - hhayi ngaphansi kwezigidi ezingu-300;
• ukufana okuhambisana nomzimba - inani lamaseli ane-pathologies akufanele lidlule u-5%;
• ukusinda okuphezulu - inani lamaseli asebenzayo akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-80%;
• umsebenzi wamaselula eliphezulu - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-60% we-spermatozoa kufanele ubonise ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo nokuqhubekela phambili;
• ukuhlwithwa okusheshayo kwenzalo - kungapheli imizuzu engama-60;
• ukuhlushwa okuphansi emzimbeni wamanzi we-leukocyte - angabi ngaphezu kuka-1%;
• ukungabi khona kwe-germ agglutination yamaseli, kanye nokuba khona kwama-spermatophages namaseli abomvu egazi.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe nge-microscope lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isilazi seglasi ukuze i-microscopy imishini ekhethekile, okuthiwa "iThebula Morozov". Le divayisi ihlinzekela ukushisa umshini wokuhlola kanye nemvelo yayo ezindaweni ezifanele zokushisa (38-40 ° C).

Uketshezi kufanele kugcwalise yonke isikhala esiphakathi kwezibuko, ukugqugquzela ukunyakaza kwamahhala kwamangqamuzana emvelweni wamanzi.

Kubalulekile! I-microscopy ayikhuthazwa ngaphandle kwetafula le-Morozov. Amazinga okushisa aphansi anciphisa umsebenzi wesilisa, okungase kuthinte kabi ukuhlolwa konke kwekhwalithi yezinto eziphilayo.

Isingeniso ngqo esibelethweni sesifazane

Ngemuva kokukhethwa, ukuhlunga nokuhlaziywa ngokucophelela, izinhlobo ezikhethiwe zembewu zilungele ukungeniswa emzimbeni wabesifazane. Uma ukwethulwa komkhuhlane wamaminerali kuhlelwe ukuba kwenzeke ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kudluliselwa kwisitsha esikhethekile futhi kugcinwe esiqandisini ekushiseni kuka-2-4 ° C.

Uma le ndaba idinga ukuhanjiswa ibanga elide, isidoda sithunyelwa endaweni okuthiwa "i-Dewar isitsha". Yisitsha esinezikhala zangaphakathi zohlobo lwe-thermos.

Iziqephu ezincane zeqhwa zilala egumbini, okusivumela ukuba sifinyelele izinga lokushisa elihle lokulondoloza ama-biomaterial amahora angu-12. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwezikhukhula zomzimba, ukuhlanza kokuqala kwenzalo okugxilwe kuyo kwenziwa.

Ngokuya ngobukhulu bayo, ukuhlanzwa kweziphuzo ezilandelayo kusetshenziswa:

• okuphezulu - 1: 9;
• isilinganiso singu-1: 7;
• ubuncane buyi-1: 4.

Ukuze uzalise izixazululo ezikhethekile zokulondolozwa ezithinta amandla amangqamuzana egciwane. Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabo yisisombululo seShetsu ne-Bautina medium medium.

Ukuze ulungise isisombululo ngokusho kweSktsu, udinga ukuhlakaza ku-100 ml wamanzi ahlanzekile a-distilled:

• i-yolk eluhlaza enkukhu - 10 ml;
• ubisi owomile - 10 g;
• isisombululo se-glycerin ene-yolk - 2 ml;
• Isixazululo se-glucose nge-yolk - 5 ml;
• ikhambi le-sodium citrate nge-yolk - 3 ml.

Imvelo yokudla okunempilo Bautina iqukethe:

• amanzi ahlanzekile distilled - 100 ml;
• i-yolk eluhlaza yenkukhu - 5 ml;
• i-citrate ye-sodium - 0.72 g;
• i-glycocol - 1.82 g

Ukuqedwa kokufakelwa kokuzibandakanya kunezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Izilinganiso ze-insemination nezinye izinto zokusebenza zihlanjululwe kahle ngekhambi lokuphuza u-70% noma isisombululo se-2% se-formalin.
2. Phakathi kwabesifazane abaningana, umuntu olungele kakhulu ukulingana ukhethwe. Izibonakaliso eziyinhloko zokuqala kwe-ovulation zibomvu nokuvuvukala kwezitho zangasese zangaphandle, ukwenqaba kokudla nokukhuphuka okukhulu.
3. Insikazi ifakwa kahle ngendwangu esesibhakabhaka, esingahambisani ne-coccyx phansi futhi isilwe ngosizo lwezintambo ezinkulu zesikhumba noma ezinye izinto. Kule nkinga, imilenze yemilenze kufanele imiswe ngokuqinile.
4. Ngosizo lwe-tampon encane ehlanjululwe kwisisombululo se-furatsilin, ukucwiliswa kwengxenye yangaphandle yezingqimba zesifazane kwenziwa.
5. Ngensilinga ehlanzekile neyi-disinfected, inani elincane lembewu ehlanjululwe liqoqiwe (0.2-0.3 ml), iphoyinti layo liyakunqunywa futhi liboshwe engeni lika-45 °. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwalolu hlelo, uketshezi lwamaminerali kusetshenziselwa ukugezela ngamanzi kuya ekushiseni kwama-40 ° C.
6. Emva kwamalungiselelo okuqala, ungaqala ukufaka imbewu. Ukwenza lokhu, i-syringe ifakwa kahle ngobunini besifazane futhi ifakwe ngokujulile nge-liquid. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-syringe ngokuzumayo, kodwa iphumelele kancane, futhi insikazi ithunyelwa emgodini ngamunye.

Uyazi? Umsunguli wezindlela zanamuhla zokwehlukanisa izilwane ngokuzenzekelayo uthathwa njengososayensi waseSoviet. I. I. Ivanov, ngubani ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 ngokokuqala ngqa laqhutshwa ucwaningo olunzulu kulo mboni, futhi lwenziwa nokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

Ukunakekela unogwaja emva kokuqothulwa

Ukukhulelwa ezinogwaja kuqhubeka izinsuku ezingu-30-32, futhi kuzo zonke lezi zinsuku owesifazane okhulelwe kudingeka adale izimo ezikhethekile zokubunjwa okuphephile kwama cubs. Okokuqala, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ukukhulelwa kubuthinta ngokujulile ukuzinza ngokomzwelo nokuziphatha kwezilwane, ngakho-ke kufanele kube nokuthula okunomsoco nokuthula.

Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukwazi ukuthi uhlala isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi unquma kanjani ukukhulelwa komunogwa.

Ngenxa yalokhu, owesifazane udinga ukutshalwe endaweni ekhethekile, eyayizilungiselelwe ngaphambili, enevolumu ye-cube okungenani u-0.8 m, ngaphandle kwabantu abahlobene nezinye izilwane.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umzimba womlenze udinga inani elikhulu lezakhi zomzimba ezengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokukhulelwa, owesifazane kufanele ahlinzekwe ngenani elingenamkhawulo lokudla okunevithamini nokudla okunomsoco, kanye nokufinyelela mahhala emanzini amasha. Uma kungenjalo, ukudla okubi kungabangela ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukungavamile kule nzalo.

Ukudla kwansuku zonke komunogwa okhulelwe kumele kufaka:

• izithelo;
• imifino;
• ukudla okunzima;
• Ukudla okusanhlamvu (oats, ibhali, ummbila, izithelo, njll).

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe isimo somzimba, kunconywa ukuba usebenzise ama-premix akhethekile ezilwane ezikhulelwe, noma kunjalo, amalungiselelo anjalo kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela ngemuva kokubonisana nodokotela wezilwane. Cishe izinsuku ezingu-7-10 ngaphambi kosuku olulindelekile lokuzalwa kwenzalo, owesifazane kufanele anikezwe isidleke. Indima yayo yenziwa ibhokisi elincane lezinkuni elinomgodi. Ngaphansi kwesidleke kumele kubekwe ngendwangu elithambile lomshini noma ezinye izinto.

Ungakhohlwa ngokuhlanza njalo okumanzi emgodini. Izitho ezikhulelwe ikakhulukazi zihlukunyezwa yizifo ezihlukahlukene nezinambuzane, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlanza iseli njalo. Ukuhlanza emanzini kufanele kwenziwe okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto, ukususwa kwezinsalela zokudla zakudala kufanele kwenziwe nsuku zonke.

Uyazi? Kusukela ekhulwini lama-20 leminyaka, onogwaja e-Australia babhekwa njengezinambuzane ezinkulu. Ngemva kokufuduka nemikhumbi ye-First Fleet, lezi zilwane azigcini nje ngokusabalalisa kulo lonke izwekazi njengezilwane zasendle, kodwa futhi kwaholela ekunyamaleleni okungenakufinyeleka kwezilwane ezithile zasendle.

Ukuhlanzwa ngalunye kwegumbi kumele kuphele ngokucwiliswa okudingekayo. Okokuqala, izixazululo ezikhethekile zokuhlanza amagciwane kufanele ziphathwe kahle zonke izindawo kanye nokuqukethwe kweseli, bese usebenzisa i-blowtorch noma amanye amadivaysi ukushisa imizuzwana embalwa zonke izinto ezingenakuqothulwa futhi ezivuthayo, kuhlanganise nesitsha sokudla kanye nomgogodla.

Ngokuvamile, izixazululo ze-disinfectant zilungiselelwe ngesisekelo sezidakamizwa ezilandelayo:

• I-Bromosept-50;
• I-Glutex;
• I-Virocid;
• I-Virkon C;
• Ecocide C.

Ukushisa okusebenzayo kulungiswa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ngokusho kwemiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Ukubeka esikhundleni izidakamizwa ezingenhla kungaba iodine ekhemisi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ulungiselelwe kusuka ku-5% izixazululo ezinamafutha aphethwe ngamanzi abilayo noma ahlanzekile.

Ukuqothulwa kwamakhemikhali kuyindlela yenamuhla futhi ethandwayo ekukhulisweni kwezilwane okukuvumela ukuba uqale inqubo engaphazanyiswayo yokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-rabbit, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifana nesipulazi.

Ukwengeza, ukusekwa kwezinto ezifakelwayo kwenza kube lula ukufezekisa imikhiqizo ephakeme kakhulu ngezindleko ezincane. Lokhu akugcini nje ukwandisa inzuzo ephelele ekuzaleni izilwane, kodwa futhi kwenza kube lula ukugwema izindleko ezingalindelekile.