Utamatisi kuyisitshalo esinzima sokunakekela. Ukuze ukwandise isivuno sezotamatisi futhi uthuthukise ukuvumelanisa kwazo nezimo ezihlukahlukene zezulu, abakhiqizi bazuza zonke izinhlobo ezintsha zalesi sitshalo. Bajwayele ukuwela, ukhetho lwama-hybrid, bathola izithelo ngezici ezahlukene. Okumelana kakhulu nezinhlobo ezibandayo ezitholayo ngokushesha, zithandwa kakhulu. Enye yalezi zinhlobo i-tomato ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Leningrad Giant". Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezici eziyinhloko zezithelo ze-Leningrad, izimo ezidingekayo zokukhulisa lokhu kuhlukahluka ezimweni zasemakhaya nasensimini, kanye nezincomo ekukhethweni kwezithombo kanye nesisekelo sokugcina izitshalo.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Isitshalo esivamile siyisibhakabhaka ngaphezu kwesilinganiso, kuze kube ngu-70 cm ubude. Igatsha libuthakathaka, lihlangene, lingasakazeki. Uhlelo lwempande luboniswa ngenduku, enobuthakathaka, ehlanganiswe (kuze kube ngu-2m ububanzi). 
Izimpande ezingaphakathi zivela ezingxenyeni ezingezansi ze-stem eyinhloko, ngakho-ke ezihlukahlukene ziyasakazwa kalula yizicucu. Amaqabunga amancane futhi aqoshwe, kodwa awanam symmetrical. Ngesikhathi sokubhoboza izimbali ezincane eziphuzi ezikhanyayo zivela esitsheni, ezikwazi ukuzitholela impova.
Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama-rudiments wezithelo avela emshinini we-multi-crown.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, lezi zihlukahlukene zinokuqhathaniswa, ezibonakala kahle ngokungazitholi.
Ukuqala kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-tomato kufaka phakathi "njengeSiberia ekuqaleni", "i-Riddle", "isixhosa saseMongolia", "Kiss of geranium", "Isimangaliso se-Balcony."
Kulula ukubekezelela isomiso, isithelo se-pulp sinomsoco oshukela, okunikeza izithelo zezithelo ze-dessert.
Ihlukana nomkhiqizo okhulayo kanye nobukhulu obukhulu bamajikijolo ezihlahleni eziphansi. Izinkinga ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukubukeka kwemifantu esikhunjeni kokubili isikhathi sezulu nesomile ngenxa yokukhula okusheshayo kwamajikijolo. 
Kubalulekile! Uma utshela utamatisi ngendlela yokunisela ezishisayo, amaconsi amanzi azosebenza njengama-lenti, futhi ukushisa okubomvu kuzovela emaqabunga ehlathini. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, manzi amahlumela wetamatisi empandeni bese uyenza kuphela kusihlwa noma ekuseni.
Izithelo nezivuno
Isigaba sokuvuthwa kokugcina siqala kwezinsuku ezingu-80-90 emva kokuqedwa kwesithombo sembewu. Isisindo sesilinganiso sebheyili eyodwa ngu-400 g. Isivuno sikhulu: ngenkathi eyodwa kusuka kumamitha ayi-square. Ukunakekelwa ngokulinganayo kungaqoqa kuze kufike ku-10 kg utamatisi.
Izithelo zinomumo ohlotshisiwe obunamathele futhi zisho ukukhwabanisa. Unombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onobubanzi obumnyama obumnyama osesithombeni. Njengoba ivuthwa, isithelo sishintsha umbala kusuka eluhlaza kuze kube pink pink, ngezinye izikhathi nge streaks ukukhanya.
Hamba lezi tamatisi zibe nebushelelezi. Inyama iyamanzi, iyinyama, iyinambitheka ngesakhiwo esihle. 
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Lapho ukhetha izithombo, okokuqala qaphela isitsha lapho izithombo zihanjiswa khona. Uma ama-rhizomes ehlanganiswe ezikhwama ezilula, izitshalo zizothatha isikhathi eside futhi esinzima sokuthatha izimpande ngenxa yezidakamizwa ze-rhizome.
Khetha izithombo ezitshalwe ezinkomeni ezihlukene ze-peat noma ebhokisini elisezingeni eliphansi nomhlabathi - izitshalo ezinjalo zizocubungula ngokushesha. Thenga izitshalo ezilingana nobukhulu kanye nobudala obufanayo ukuze uthole ukubunjwa kanye nokuvuthwa okwenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwamajikijolo.
U-Rassad akufanele abe ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili. Ngezimboni ezinyangeni ezimbili, isiqu sifinyelela ubukhulu bepensela, amaqabunga obukhulu obuphakathi abe nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amaqabunga e-stem akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-9 futhi angabi ngaphezu kuka-12.
Hlola uhlangothi oluphansi lwamapheshana. Kufanele ihlanzeke, ngaphandle kwezimpungushe namaqanda ezinambuzane. Izeluleko ezithintekayo kakhulu nezindawo ezimnyama emaqabunga kanye nesitshalo kubonisa ukuthi ukufaka umanyolo ngokweqile kwezithombo nge-nitrogen fertilizer. 
Uyazi? Kunamagama amabili alinganayo alezi zithelo ezimangalisayo - utamatisi no-tomato. Lawa magama avela ngezilimi ezahlukene. "Utamatisi" - igama lama-Aztec. Ekuqaleni kwakunjengotamatisi. Igama elithi "utamatisi" lafika kithi lisuka e-Italy elangeni. Ekuhunyushweni, kusho "i-apula yegolide".
Umhlabathi nomanyolo
Okokuqala, inhlabathi ye-"giant Leningrad" kufanele ibe yinto evulekile, igcwele umoya-mpilo, kuhle ukudlula umswakama. Ngeke neze uhlangane nenhlabathi ebanda noma yobumba. Inhlabathi lapho amanzi eqhuma khona, noma lowo oye wakhula u-asidi, uzolimaza utamatisi.
Isixazululo esihle kakhulu sokukhula ngaphandle ukusebenzisa izindawo lapho i-nettle ne-alfalfa belokhu bekhula iminyaka emithathu edlule. Uma ungenalo izwe elinjalo, isanqante, i-zucchini noma iklabishi izakhiwo zizohambisana. Lezi zimila akufanele zitshalwe lapho amazambane akhula ngonyaka odlule.
Kufanelekile ukutshala inhlabathi nge-neutral noma i-alkali pH. Ngaphambi kokuba utshale emibhedeni yezithombo, vumela izinkukhu. Bakhulula uhlaka oluphezulu lwenhlabathi bese bekhetha izimpungushe namaqanda ezinambuzane ezinambuzane. 
Uma ungenayo izinkukhu, cubungula inhlabathi ngamanzi abilayo (3 amalitha per 1 square meter). Hlanganisa ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo zesihlabathi somfula, umlotha kanye ne-peat. Hlanganisa ingxube phezu kwenhlabathi ngesilinganiso se-2 kg yenhlanganisela ngehora elilodwa lesikwele.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, bamba isakhiwo bese uyikhulula nge-rake. Isonto ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo uphinde uhlaziye imibhede ngamanzi abilayo uphinde uzihlanganise nefilimu elimnyama.
Qala ukwenza umquba wamaminerali ngosuku lweshumi emva kokufakelwa kabusha. Kunezimboni ezimbili eziwusizo ikakhulukazi. Lokhu yi-potassium monophosphate ne-calcium nitrate. I-Saltpeter ivimbela ukubonakala kokubola ezihlahleni.
Isetshenziswe enhlabathini kabili - ngaphambi nje kokuba imifino nezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwama-ovari (10 g womanyolo ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi). 
I-Monophosphate ifaka isandla ekuqoqeni ushukela esithelweni futhi ithuthukise izinga lokugcina labo emva kokuvuna. Uphinde uxwayise ukubonakala kwemifantu esikhunjeni, okubaluleke kakhulu kwi "giant Leningrad."
Ukuze ulungise ingxube yokunisela, engeza u-15 g we-monophosphate kuya ku-10 amalitha amanzi. Ungayenza izikhathi ezintathu noma ezine ngezikhathi ezithile ngezikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-15-20.
Kubalulekile! Uma uthola i-Medvedka esiqhingini sakho, hlola wonke amahlumela omutamatisi nendawo ezungezile, uqoqe ngesandla bese ubhubhisa zonke izinambuzane nezimbungu zazo. I-Medvedka ayiphanga izithelo kuphela. It digs deep imigudu ngaphansi ezihlabayo utamatisi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kulimaza uhlelo impande.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Kuyinto yamasiko ethandekayo futhi engafuni ukubekezelela umthunzi nomswakama owedlulele. Ukushisa kwelanga okukhulu kakhulu kuyasheshisa ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo. Umswakama omuhle womoya we "Giant Leningrad" ungama-50-60%, umswakama wenhlabathi ungama-60-70%, okulondoloziwe kwamanzi emva kokunisela. 
Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kwezithombo ezikhulayo nezakhi zezithelo kuyinto + 23-25 ° С. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi aphakeme, ukukhula kuyeka, futhi ku-34 ° C, lesi sitshalo siqala ukubola.
Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya
Izithombo, ezikhulile ngaphambili ezimbizeni, zinokuphikisana kakhulu nezimo zezulu ezimbi futhi zinika isivuno esikhulu uma siqhathaniswa nembewu etshalwe enhlabathini evulekile.
Funda ukuthi ungahlwanyela kanjani futhi ukhule utamatisi izithombo, lapho ungakwazi ukuhlwanyela utamatisi for izithombo, kanjani ukutshala utamatisi izithombo in umkhonto, kunokuba ukondla utamatisi izithombo.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Utamatisi imbewu impahla kahle kakhulu, ngakho ihlelwa nge saline. Egreyini yamanzi yenza 1 tsp. usawoti, uthele imbewu efanayo, uhlanganise kahle ikhambi futhi ushiye ukuma imizuzu eyishumi. 
Izimbewu ezikhanyayo zikhishiwe, isixazululo sihlungwa nge-sieve. Imbewu enzima enempilo ihlala esihlahleni. Bahlanza ngaphansi kwamanzi agijima, ngokulinganayo babekwe esiqotsheni sejaji elihlanzekile futhi bahlelwe endaweni efudumele yokoma (izinsuku ezingu-2-3). Bese uphatha i-disinfection.
Lungiselela isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, imbewu ihlanganiswe ibe yikhimbi encane, ebanzi futhi igcwele isisombululo semizuzu engu-15-20.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhluma kwembewu, bahlwanyelwa usuku oluphakathi komsoco okhethekile. Njengendlela yokudla okunomsoco, ungasebenzisa ijusi lamazambane noma i-aloe, kanye nezixazululo ezikhethekile zezimboni ezithengiswa ezitolo zamasimu nasezintweni zasemuva.
Ngemuva kosuku, isisombululo sidliwe, futhi imbewu yomile ekamelweni lokushisa ngaphandle kokugeza. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ihlwanyelwa izinsuku ezimbili lapho ihambelana nama-discs amakhemikhali amanzi noma iphepha lokuhlunga. 
Umswakama ngesikhathi sokuhluma usekela njalo, ukuze imbewu ingabe iyomile. Ukushisa kufanele kube ngaphakathi + 22-25 ° С.
Uyazi? Ngemuva kokuba utamatisi waziwa ezweni eliphucukile, zazibhekwa njengezithelo ezinobuthi isikhathi eside. Amacala amaningi afuna ukwazi ukuwazisa lapho ekhishwa ngamakhanda aphezulu azama ukufaka ubuthi ngamakhompi azo ngokufaka utamatisi. Ngakho-ke, isisulu se "isakhiwo sesitamatisi" sasinguGeorge Washington ngokwakhe. Khuluma, uMongameli "Dish Poisoned" wayenambitha kakhulu.
Okuqukethwe nendawo
Imbewu ehlwanyelwe ihlwanyelwa engxenyeni elungiselelwe inhlabathi. Lokhu kungase kube yi-primer ethengwe esitolo esikhethekile, noma ingxube elungiselelwe ekhaya. Ukulungisa ingxube ngokuzimela, i-peat ne-humus ithathwa ngokulinganisela okulinganayo.
I-10 g yale nhlanganisela ingeza u-10 g womlotha kanye no-7 g we-superphosphate. Ubuningi bomhlabathi buxubene kahle. Ingxube kufanele ifakwe isonto. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ingxube isatshalaliswa ezigubungwini zepulasitiki ezinama-10-12 cm. 
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu
Ukutshala kwezinto zembewu kwenziwa ngosuku olulodwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izimo zentuthuko efana nazo zonke izimila. Ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi kumabhodlela kancane tamped futhi ukhulule ungqimba phezulu.
Inhlabathi ithuliswa ngesisombululo sikasawoti se-humic acid (umbala wesisombululo kufanele ube wuhlaza obuningi). I-grooves yenziwe emhlabathini womhlaba ngegebe lamamitha ayisithupha kanye no-1.5 cm ngamunye.
Imbewu yembewu ihlwanyelwa ezindaweni zokudla zonke 1.5 cm. I-groove ifafazwe ngenye inhlanganisela yenhlabathi, inhlabathi isuke i-tamped kancane.
Iziqukathi zihlanganiswe nefilimu elimnyama futhi zifaka efrijini elithakazelisayo elishisayo. Ukushisa okungcono okukhulayo kunama-25-28 ° С, umswakama - 90%. Ukuze kulondolozwe lelizinga lokuswakama, inhlabathi ivame ukuphuziswa ngebhodlela le-spray. 
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Izithombo ezinempilo kufanele zivele ezinsukwini ezintathu emva kokuhlwanyela, uma zigcinwa ekushiseni okungezansi kwe-25 ° C. Isimo esiyinhloko sokukhula okujwayelekile kwezithombo kuyisibalo esikhulu sokukhanya.
Uma usuku lufushane, kubalulekile ukukhanyisa izithombo ngezibani ze-fluorescent ukuze isikhathi se-irradiation esiphelele sibe okungenani amahora angu-12 ngosuku.
Kubalulekile! Ngokushesha nje lapho izithelo ziqala ukuthola isisindo, zibopha yonke ibhulashi ukuze usekele ukuze isitshalo singaphuli ngaphansi kwesisindo samajikijolo asindayo kanti isivuno asilahlekile.
Ukufudumala kweziqukathi eziphansi kancane kancane, ukuvala ifilimu ngamamitha angu-4 engeziwe ngosuku. Amahlumela amancane ahlukunyezwa ngokufanayo nesomiso nokuchelela ngokweqile. Namanzi izithombo ngaphansi komsuka, ukuze ungalimazi iziqu ezibuthakathaka, njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu loma. 
Qala ukuqina izitshalo ngosuku lokuqala lwelanga. Thatha iziqukathi zembewu ebhodini enefasitela evulekile bese ushiya imizuzu engu-5-7. Ukuvezwa kwelanga ende isikhathi kungabangela iqabunga livutha. Phinda lokhu kunzima nsuku zonke, kancane kancane ukwandisa isikhathi esichitha emoyeni kuze kube ihora.
Ngaphezu kokuqina kwamahlumela kudingeka adle ukudla. Ukuqala ukwenza ama-fertilizer aphilayo kudinga amasonto amabili emva kokuhluma amahlumela.
Njengomanyolo ophilayo, ungasebenzisa utshani, amasondo, amaqabunga amazambane, amaqanda amaqanda, izikhumba zamabhanana.
Ngenxa yalokhu, i-gumin efanele ne-biohumus, engathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Ukuze ukondle amahlumela ngokuphepha, thatha ingxenye yesithathu yomthamo okhonjisiwe kuphakheji. 
Khetha amahlumela achitha amasonto amathathu emva kokuhluma. Nakuba utamatisi ubekezelela ukukhetha kahle, ubhekise ngokucophelela. Ukuze ungalimazi uhlelo lwempande, dlulisa amahlumela esitsheni esivamile kuya ezindebe kanye ne-clock earthy kwi-rhizome.
Ukufakelwa kokuqala, sebenzisa izinkomishi ze-peat onamandla ka 200-300 ml. Okwesibili udlulise izithombo zibe yizimbiza eziyi-1 litre ngalinye. Amahlumela aphuma ezinkomishi awenzile, azobola enhlabathini emva kokunisela futhi abe ngumanyolo omuhle wezitshalo ezikhulayo.
Ukutshala izithombo phansi
Kudingeka ukuthi uqale ukufakelwa kabusha isigamu nesigamu ezinyangeni ezimbili emva kokuhlwanyela. Kule minyaka, izithombo ziqala ukulahla ama-first brushes. Ukufakelwa kwesitembu okuvulekile emhlabathini ovulekile kubhekene nokunciphisa isivuno. Isikhathi sokufika esiphezulu siqala ngo-Ephreli.
Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, kungenzeka ukuthi ukubuya kweqhwa, okulimaza amahlumela amancane, kungabandakanywa. Izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha, nisela amanzi izithombo ngokukhululekile. Ungabe usawoti umhlaba, ukuze uhlukaniswe kalula ebhodweni kanye negciwane. 
Uyazi? Ukungaqondakali okuvamile ukuthi utamatisi unobuthi, wehluleka ukuphazamisa ukuhlwanyela ikholomu engumhlalaphansi waseMelika ogama lakhe linguJohnson. Ngo-1822, wadla ibhakede lezotamatisi phambi kwesixuku sabantu ababukele. Ngesikhathi ababukeli abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili bekhuluma ukuthi kungani lo colonel engazange ahlupheke, uJohnson wahamba ngokuthula waya ekhaya. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izithelo zika utamatisi zaqala ukutholakala ngokushesha njenge-dessert berry kanye nengxenye ehloniphekile yamasaladi nemifino.
Khetha usuku lokugaya olususwe kakhulu lokugaya. Hlanganisa umbhede olungiselelwe ezikwerelweni ohlangothini lwama-40 cm bese ugoba imbobo yezithombo ezigumbini zezikwele. Ukujula kunqunywa ukuphakama komgqa wezimbiza lapho izithombo zimi khona.
Thela u-5 g we-superphosphate emthonjeni ngamunye bese ugcwalisa amanzi ngamanzi. Linda kuze kufike amanzi, bese uphinda ukuchelela.
Izithombo zezitshalo emithonjeni. Uma ukufakelwa kabusha, faka iziqu ezintathu kuya kwezingamamitha amane ngaphezulu kwekhola yezimpande ukuze isiqu siphume izimpande ezengeziwe futhi uhlelo lwempande lukhuni. Emva kokutshala, uthele ngaphansi kwamahlumela ka-0.5 amalitha amanzi afudumele. Ungaqala ukufaka umanyolo ngamakhomikhali e-organic and amaminerali amasonto owodwa nesigamu emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo. 
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo zezitshalo ze-tomato ezikhulayo emhlabathini ovulekile
Le ndlela ifanele labo abangenayo isikhathi sokubhekana nezithombo kanye nalabo abadinga ukutshala indawo enkulu ngamatamatisi.
Izimo zangaphandle
Utamatisi yizitshalo ezithisa ukushisa, ngakho-ke uma uhlala endaweni epholile noma epholile, kuzodingeka uhlwanyele imbewu endaweni yokushisa. Izithombo zokuhlunga zizodinga ukunikeza usuku olude lokukhanya, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme njalo nomswakama olinganiselayo.
Okuqukethwe kwalezi zitshalo endle kuphelisa amathuba okukhanyisa nokushisa, ngakho-ke izakhamuzi zezifunda ezinesimo sezulu ezipholile zidinga ukunakekelwa kwendawo yokuhlala.
Kokubili ku-greenhouse nasemhlabathini ovulekile, utamatisi obusika uzodinga ukukhulelwa futhi ukondliwe. Izitshalo ezilahliwe ukugqoka okuphezulu zidonsa futhi zilahlekelwe umbala wazo, kanti isivuno ngasinye semitha yesilinganiso sinciphile. 
Kubalulekile! Uma imbewu ye-tomato ifakwa esiqandisini amahora angu-6 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, bese ihamba kancane kancane ekamelweni lokushisa, ukuhluma kwayo kuzokhula ngokuphawulekayo, njengoba kuzokwazi ukumelana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
Uma ubeka i-greenhouse ehlukile yamatamatisi, khona-ke kuyoba lula ukulungisa inhlabathi izitshalo ezizayo. Uma uphula insimu emibhedeni, uqaphele ukuthi awukwazi ukutshala utamatisi lapho i-nightshade (isibonelo, amazambane) etshalwe ngonyaka odlule nangonyaka odlule.
Thatha indawo ephansi ngaphansi kwalesi siko, lapho amanzi emvula engahlali khona futhi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akwenzi. Utamatisi kulula kakhulu ukubekezelela isomiso kunokwanda kwamanzi. Imibhede yamatamatisi kufanele ivuleke kahle futhi ivikelwe eziklanyelwe, ukuze amajikijolo avuthwe ekushiseni kanye nokuthunjwa okukhulu.
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu emhlabathini
Ukuze unciphise isikhathi sokuhlwanyela ekuhlumeni, imbewu kufanele ihlume. Imbewu ehlwanyelwe izohluma ngosuku lwesithathu noma lwesine emva kokuhlwanyela, futhi impahla engakalungi izophakama ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi. 
Qala ukuhlwanyela ngokushesha lapho amazinga okushisa emini efika ku-15 ° C bese iqhwa libuya. Ngomdwebo wezulu wezulu, usuku oluhle lokufika luzoba ngolweshumi kaMeyi.
Sebenzisa imali engamamitha angamashumi ayisithupha phakathi kwemigqa yemisele bese ubamba izimbobo emithonjeni yonke amasentimitha amathathu. Ukujula kwemithombo kungama-3-4 cm. Gcwalisa amanzi emgodini ngamunye kuze kube semgqeni, ulinde kuze kufakwe.
Gubha imbewu emithathu emithonjeni bese uwamboza ngenhlabathi. Khipha kancane inhlabathi ngesandla sakho. Ukuphuza imbewu ngaphambi kokuhluma kuyadingeka.
Uyazi? Isisindo esiphakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi ngu-600 g. Utamatisi oqoshiwe okhulunywe ngumlimi waseMelika waseWisconsin. Ayaziwa ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo nezindlela azisebenzisayo ukufeza lo mphumela, kodwa iberry irekhodi lalilinganisa 2.9 kilograms!
Ukunisela
Iyenziwa ngamanzi afudumele kakhulu futhi ngaphansi kwezimpande. Indlela yokufafaza utamatisi ayifanelekile, amaqabunga awo ayithandi umswakama. Njengoba izingxenye ezingenhla zenhlabathi zimile, uthele u-0.5-1 l amanzi ngaphansi kwehlumela ngalinye. 
Qala ukuchelela ngokushesha lapho amaqabunga amahlumela eqala ukuphela kancane. Imvamisa yokuphuza ixhomeke ekumiseni ngesikhathi sezulu ekhulayo. Uma isimo sezulu sicacile futhi sifudumele, manzi amahlumela zonke izinsuku.
Esikhathini esishisayo, sebenzisa ubusuku bokuphuzaukuze amahlumela aphethwe ebusuku. Esikhathini sezulu sezulu, gcoba utamatisi onamafutha okukhanya.njengoba amahlamvu yalesi sitshalo engakubekezeli ukuchelela okuningi. Qala ukuchelela ngokushesha lapho imvula iphela futhi inhlabathi ngaphansi kwehlathini idle.
Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula
Umhlabathi okhululekile ogcwele umoya-mpilo yiyona engcono kakhulu ye-Leningrad Giant. Ukukhululeka kufanele kwenziwe emva kokunisela ngamunye ukuze umhlabathi owomile ungagcini ukugeleza komoya futhi ugcine umswakama.
Khipha inhlabathi ngobumnene nangenhla (kuze kube ngu-8 cm), ukuze ungalimazi uhlelo lwempande. Sebenzisa le nsimu encane engadini (emkhatsini wemigqa) kanye nensimu encane yezitshalo (ngaphansi kwezihlahla). Ukukhipha umhlabathi kubizwa ngokuthi ukuchelela owomile ngenxa yokuthi ugcina umswakama esifundeni esisisekelo somhlabathi. 
Esikhathini esishisayo, khipha inhlabathi njalo ngosuku.ukuze izitshalo azihlupheki ngokuntuleka kwamanzi. Esikhathini sezulu esibhakabhakeni, zikhawulele kokubili ukukhulula ngesonto.
Ngokuqondene ne-weeding, kuyadingeka ukuze ukhula lukhule phakathi kwetamatisi oluhlwanyelwe alukhipha izakhi ezisenhlabathini futhi aluvimbeli ukukhanya kwelanga ekufinyeleleni ezihlahleni zamatamatisi. Hlanganisa i-weeding ngokukhulula. Kusukela kumhlabathi ukhululekile ukhula lukhishwa kalula.
Kubalulekile! Ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga amahlanu eqiniso avela esitsheni esiyinhloko sembewu ye-utamatisi, uyifake embizeni enkulu yelitha elilodwa. Lokhu kuzomisa ukukhula kwesibalo saso futhi kuvumele ukuthi kuyenze uhlelo oluqinile lwempande.
Masking
Kungukuqedwa kwamahlumela amaningi okusabalalisa engxenyeni engezansi yehlathi, ezithatha izakhi, ukunciphisa isivuno sehlathi. Ungasusa lawo mahlumela afinyelele ubude buka-6 cm. 
I-Pasydal sekwephuzile kusihlwa, lapho umoya uqala ukuphola, futhi isitshalo ngeke silahlekelwe umswakama endaweni yokuphuka. Ungahambi ngezinyathelo ezihlahleni emini.
Ukuhlanza kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, lapho amahlathi ehlala khona ngokwanele. I-pasynkovki elandelayo idinga ukuphindaphindiwe njalo ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi.
Funda ukuthi ungamathisa kanjani utamatisi ensimini nasendlini yokushisa.
Ibhande le-Garter
I-Leningrad Giant idinga kakhulu i-garter ngenxa yezithelo ezinzima neziqu ezide kakhulu. I-Garter eya e-trellis noma e-stakes. I-trellis iyigridi enezikwele ezinkulu, ezibekwe eceleni lonke ubude be-groove ngemigodi.
Izitshalo nezithelo ziboshwe ngebhayisikili ephezulu kwenye yamaseli gridi anezingxube ezincane zezicubu ezithambile. Uma i-garter ithathwa emigodini, khona-ke iguqulwe nge-1 m ukuphakama futhi iqhutshelwa ukusuka enyakatho yehlathi. 
Izihlahla ziboshwe ezigxotsheni ezine-double loop ye-tape yendwangu ngqo ngaphansi kwesibhamu kanye nezithelo. Yiphi inketho evumelana nawe best - ukhethe wena. Izitshalo zidinga isikhala esincane, trellis ephephile ukugcina emhlabathini.
Zijwayeze ngemithetho ye-tomato garters ku-greenhouse kanye nasensimini.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Faka isicelo semanyolo okokuqala ngesonto ngemuva kokubukeka kwezibhamu ezimbali. Amalitha ayishumi isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-mullein engeza 15 g we-superphosphate. Le nhlanganisela iyokwanela ukufaka amahlathi ayishumi.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu, sebenzisa umanyolo olandelayo - superphosphate ngendlela ehlanzekile ngesilinganiso sama-20 g ngalinye ngo-10 l ngamanzi afudumele. Emva kwamanye amasonto amabili, kondla nge-potash usawoti kanye no-saltpeter.
Fiphaza lezi zifaka umquba ngaphansi kwezihlahla kanye nesikhala ngesilinganiso sika-10 g we-ammonium nitrate kanye no-10 g we-potash usawoti ngezihlahla eziyi-10, bese udlala kakhulu inhlabathi emmpandeni. 
Izitshalo ngokwawo zibonisa ukuntuleka kwezakhi ezithile. Amabala aphuzi emaqabungeni abonisa ukungabi nesibabule, futhi amaqabunga asundu abonisa ukuntuleka kwamakhemikhali e-boron emhlabathini.
Uyazi? Abalimi abaningi bathola igama elibalulekile ekusebenzeni ngezinhlobonhlobo zezamatamatisi. Umlimi wase-Oregon ogama likaBaur wanquma ukunganeliseki nabancane. Ngo-2003, wabhalisa ngokusemthethweni i-hybrid ye-utamatisi nogwayi, okwakuthiwa igama elilula "u-tomak".
Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela
Ngokuvamile, utamatisi uthinta izifo ze-fungal nezibhaktheriya. Izifo ze-fungal ezifana nokulimala okuphelile, i-cladosporiosis, i-vertex yokubola kanye nesicabucabu somusa kungasetshenziswa ngokusitshala izihlahla nge-fungicides ezithengwa esitolo.
Okuthandwa kakhulu izidakamizwa - Ikhaya, i-Barrier, i-Oxy, i-Bordeaux liquid. Izifo zamabhaktheriya azikwazi ukunqotshwa ngamakhemikhali. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa isitshalo esithathelwanayo, ususe amaqabunga abathintekayo namahlumela, uwashise futhi uqaphele ukuthi ngabe ukutheleleka kuye kwasakazeka kwezinye izitshalo zezitamatisi. 
Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane, okuvamile kakhulu yi-slugs, ibhere, i-whitefly nezinambuzane zesicabucabu. Izinambuzane ezimbili zokuqala zonakalisa izithelo zamatamatisi, amahlamvu amabili okugcina.
Ukuze unqobe i-whitefly, utamatisi obusika uphethwe nge-Confidor. Ungasusa ama-slugs ngokupuniza ama-aisles ngesisombululo se-lime hydrated. I-Medvedka ayibekezelelisi izixazululo zikaviniga ne-pepper, ezingasetshenziswa kokubili inhlabathi nezitshalo ngokwazo.
I-spider mite izobulala iKarbofos, kanti lesi sitshalo sizokhipha amaqabunga ayo onegciwane.
Ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwezinambuzane, kubalulekile ukuphatha ngokucophelela inhlabathi ngamanzi abilayo isonto nengxenye ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu. Izifo ze-fungal zenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphuza ngokweqile, ngakho-ke kuyokwanela ukunciphisa ukugeleza kokungena emanzini. 
Ukuvimbela kakhulu ukutholakala kwezinambuzane kuyoba ukuhlolwa kwamasonto onke amaqabunga amahlumela amaqanda nezimpungushe. Izimpungushe ezitholakalayo zidinga ukuqoqwa ngesandla futhi zibhujiswe, futhi amahlamvu namaqanda amaqanda ahlukaniswe, ashiye ama-petioles amancane, ashise.
Kubalulekile! Kunombono ophakanyisiwe wokuthi uma ukhetha, iphuzu le-root stem ye-utamatisi kufanele lime ukuze i-rhizome ikhule ngokubanzi. Umbono akulungile. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-rhizome ye-bush bush ithola ububanzi lapho isikhala esanele, futhi ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwesitshalo sibhekene nokucindezeleka okwanele ngisho nangaphandle kokuyeka. Ukuthungwa okungeziwe kwe-rhizome kungaholela ekutheni ukukhula okuncane kwehlathi nokuvunwa okuphansi.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ikhwalithi yokugcina engcono kakhulu izokuba ngezithelo eziqoqwe esigabeni sokuvuthwa kokuqala. I-Leningrad Giant kufanele ikhethwe lapho amajikijolo eqala ukuvula umthunzi omnyama obomvu. Izithelo ezinjalo zizovuthwa kalula ezimweni zelanga, kodwa ziyoba zinde kakhulu ngokwanele ukuba zigcinwe izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili. 
Qala ukuqoqa utamatisi eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kaJulayi, ngisho noma bengenaso isikhathi sokufinyelela. Iqiniso liwukuthi ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, izitshalo zamatamatisi ziqala ukubola futhi zife, futhi isivuno sithinteka kakhulu ezifweni nasezinambuzane.
Uma kunokwenzeka, usike amajikijolo ezihlahleni ngamasheya, ushiye isitembu singaguquki. Bayodlulisa impilo yesheluli yesithelo.
Uma kukhona izinhlayiya zokungcola noma uthuli kumatamatisi, sula ngezingubo ezihlanzekile nezomile. Musa ukugeza izithelo, kuzonciphisa impilo yabo. Ngaphambi kokugcina izitamatisi zesitoreji, qiniseka ukuthi azimeleki, zibole noma zibunjwe.
Ukugcina isivuno isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, thatha amabhokisi amancane amapulangwe anezimbambo eziqinile. Ukumboza ngesikhumba kanye nemigqa eminyene yamatamatisi, iphepha le-pereselaya ephepheni ngalinye elilandelayo. 
Vala amabhokisi ngamabhodlela bese uwayisa egumbini elimnyama elomile. Amazinga okushisa aphansi (kuya ku-12 ° C) kanye nokuphuza umoya omuhle, izithelo ezigciniwe ngale ndlela zingagcinwa izinyanga ezintathu.
Utamatisi evunwa esigabeni sokuvuthwa sokuqala, lapho uhlala khona uhlaza oluhlaza okwesibhakabhakeni kanye namathanga, phakamisa emabhokisini afanayo usebenzisa izinto zokuqeda ukushisa okufana nokushisa okushisa okushisa esikhundleni sesikhumba. Izithako zika utamatisi zifafaza nge-polystyrene amabhola.
Ukupakishwa ngale ndlela, utamatisi ungagcinwa ku -3 ° C ngaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, kumele zilethwe ekamelweni elifudumele. Izithelo dopepe cishe ngaso leso sikhathi.
Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka
Utamatisi - isiko esithintekayo ikakhulukazi kunalokho okuthiwa izinkinga zemvelo. Zizizwela ikakhulukazi kumanyolo, izimo zokukhanyisa nezimo zokushisa. Ngokushintshashintsha okuphawulekayo ekushiseni, amaqabunga ehlathini utamatisi aqala ukugoqa bese ewa. 
Ukuze ugweme le nkathazo, udinga ukumboza izithombo ebusuku ngo-Ephreli noMeyi, futhi uma kwenzeka imvula enkulu - emini.
Uyazi? Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi emhlabeni. Unyaka ngamunye amathani ama-tomato angaphezu kwezigidi ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye atholakala kuwo wonke amahlumela omutamatisi, amancane kunawo angadluli ngamamentimitha amabili ububanzi, kuyilapho amakhulu kunawo wonke enesisindo esingaphezu kwekhilimu eyodwa nengxenye.
Okufanayo kusebenza nezithelo zokuwa. Ukuguqula eduze kwe-stem kanye nokuqhekeka okuvela emajikijolo kubonisa ukuthi kunomswakama okweqile. Kulesi simo, ukuchelela ngokuvamile kufanele kumiswe.
Izibazi ezibomvu ezingenalutho ebusweni besikhumba kubonisa ukungabi khona kwelanga nokukhula okungalingani kwamajikijolo. Izithelo ezinjalo zidinga izibani ze-fluorescent dosachivyvat.
Ama-tomato amhlophe awela amhlophe avela lapho ilanga lishaya ama-ovari amaningi asanda kumiswa. Kulokhu, amahlumela kudingeka adutshwe. 
Lesi siko se-whimsical sasivela eYurophu nase-Asia maduze nje. Uyakwazi ukukhanya nokushisa, uthanda ukuchelela okulinganiselayo futhi unike isivuno esihle kuzo zombili izithombo kanye nembewu.
Ukuze ukhule izithombo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-utamatisi "I-Leningrad enkulu" ekhaya, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unokukhanya kwelanga elide nokushisa okuphezulu njalo. Ukuze uthole amahlumela enempilo enhlwanyelwe emhlabathini, kudingeka ukhethe isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela.
Buyisela ama-frost angalimaza amahlumela amancane njengokunciphisa ngokweqile. Gcina utamatisi wakho uthuthuke ngenduduzo, uphathe ukwelashwa kwakho okuvimbela izinambuzane, futhi bayokujabulela ngokuvuna okucebile.
