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Succulents

Ungayinakekela kanjani i-cactus ekhaya?

Akungabazeki ukuthi kuzokwazi ukuchaza zonke izinhlobo ze-cacti ezikhona emhlabeni ngesihloko esisodwa - kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-5 000, ngakho-ke lokhu kuhloswe kubheka kuphela izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ekuqoqweni kwasekhaya, kuchaza izici ze-botanical nemithetho yokunakekelwa nokulima.

Incazelo ye-Botanical nezinhlobo

Igama lesiGreki elithi "cactus" lalisetshenziswe ngaphambili ukuze libheke ezitshalweni ezingajwayelekile. Manje bayibiza ngokuthi imindeni eminingi yemifula. Futhi abalimi bembali bahlobanisa igama nge "isimangaliso" esiyinkimbinkimbi esibheka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, imibala kanye nezinhlobo.

Kunzima kumdlali we-florist-cactus umdlali ukuhamba ngemigomo yesayensi eyinkimbinkimbi namagama okukhuni ukubiza. Kodwa uma unquma ukuzibandakanya ngokujulile ekutshalweni kwe-cacti, kufanele ufunde okungenani ulwazi jikelele kanye namagama alawa zitshalo ezingavamile, izici zabo zezitshalo.

Uyazi? Yonke i-cacti iyamnandi, kodwa akuzona zonke izinhlanzi eziyi-cacti. Umehluko ukhona lapho kukhona khona izimpande, ezifaka amaqabunga e-cacti.

AmaCacti - abahlukumezi bezindawo ezinzima kakhulu. Zingaba izihlahla, nezihlahla, nohlaza. Okunye okuhlabayo ukuhluka kwabo ngobukhulu - kusuka ku-2 cm kuya ku-20m ukuphakama nokulinganisa amathani amathathu, uma kugcwala ngokugcwele umswakama. Lapho ezinye izitshalo zilahlekelwa impi ngezimo zemvelo, i-cacti yavela ngokuphumelela, ikwazi ukujwayela:

  • amahlathi anomile futhi anamanzi;
  • amathafa aluhlaza;
  • izintaba zezintaba;
  • ihlane.

Yonke i-cacti iyinhlanhla, iyakwazi ukugcina umswakama phakathi nesomiso eside. Kodwa umehluko omkhulu wale mndeni ubukhona be-areola - amagatsha ase-lateral ngesimo sehlumela, okuvela kuzo izimpikane, izimbali kanye namahlumela amancane.

I-cactus kumele ikwazi izici zesakhiwo, ngoba i-cacti ihluke kakhulu kwezinye izitshalo:

  1. Izimpande - uhlelo olunamandla lwe-branched lokuqoqa nokulondoloza umswakama. Ingafinyelela kumamitha angu-7 ekujuleni nasegatsheni kusukela emkhatsini we-5-7 cm, uhlala endaweni efika ku-5mm emzungeze isitshalo. Ezinye izinhlobo zakha izimpande ezingaphakathi, okukuvumela ukuthi unamathele ezigodini zezinye izitshalo bese uqoqa umswakama emoyeni. Kukhona futhi izimpande zokusika ezidonsa isiqu emhlabathini, ukuvikela ukusukela.
  2. Isiqu - yilokhu okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-cactus. Isiqu sihlukile futhi singavamile ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukudibanisa i-cactus nezinye izitshalo. Ukutholakala kwezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-5000 futhi kunikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene nobukhulu be-stem - ukuphakama kuyahluka kusuka ku-1 cm kuya ku-20 m, ububanzi - kusuka ku-0.5 cm kuya ku-1.5 m. Lokhu kuphela, okuwukuphela kwezilwane ezingafa ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi. Kuye ngesitshalo, umuthi we-cacti uhlukile, insika-enjenge-bush, efana ne-bush, i-lian-like, i-spherical, nge-streeping stems. Ekuqaleni, isiqu esisodwa, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amahlumela angase avele. Isiqu asinayo indawo ephansi. Isakhiwo salo yizingxenye (kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-100), ama-bumps nama-nipples. Isigqoko se-stem sinomsila wokugcina we-wax ovimbela umswakama ukuba ungapheli. Ukutholakala kwemithambo yezintambo kanye nezinaliti ebusweni kunomthelela wokuqoqa umswakama ovela emkhathini nasebusuku bekusasa, futhi kudala i-penumbra ehlobene. Umbala we-stem usemibala evela ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo kuya kumathoni ensundu.
  3. Leaf - amaqabunga, eshintshile ngaphesheya kokuqaphela, lesi sitshalo siyimifino. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, umuntu angathola ama-leaf plate agciniwe, futhi kwabanye akhiwa esigabeni sokuqala bese efa. Kanye neziqu, amaqabunga-ama-thorne aqhakambisa ngemibala yawo ehlukahlukene (ephuzi, emhlophe, emhlophe, ebomvu, enobomvu obomvu) nokubunjwa (okungahlotshwanga, izinwele, imifino, izimpungushe kanye nama-crystals, i-shallow-shaped and fancifully curved). Lezi zinhlayiya ziphakathi nendawo ye-areola (enamandla kunazo zonke futhi ehamba phambili, kuze kufike ku-25 cm ubude) futhi eceleni komkhawulo we-asole (okuncane, omncane nokuningi). Ngalolu hlobo lwameva amancane, ukukhuphuka komswakama kuncishisiwe, kusebenza njengesivikelo ezilwaneni ezingenakuqeda ukudla inyama enhle neyinyama yesiqu.
  4. Izimbali nezithelo - Ukuqhakaza kwe-Cactus kubhekwa njengesimangaliso futhi ngeke kushiye noma ubani ongenandaba. Izimbali, ngokuvamile ezingashadile, zivela ngokuqondile esiteshini noma ezindaweni ezikhethekile (cephals). Izimbali zingaba ubusuku noma usuku, ngephunga noma ezingenasici. Ubukhulu bemilayezo - kusuka kumancane, kumamitha ambalwa, kuya ku-40 cm. Ukuma kwezimbali - kusukela ekuvulekele ukuvala, kuhlelo lombala kulula ukucacisa ukuthi amathoni awakho - aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomnyama. Izithelo ziyahlukahluka ezinhlobonhlobo ezingezansi - kusuka amajikijolo ashisayo amanzi, asetshenziswe ekudleni, ukuze anqume ama-pods.

Kubalulekile! Izimpande ezincane kunazo zonke-i-glochidia zinika i-cactus ubukeka obuhle. Kodwa ungathinti lobu buhle! I-glochidia kakhulu futhi ibuhlungu kabi.

Esikhathini sesigaba semvelo, i-cacti ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amane:

  1. Pereskievye (Pereskioideae) - emkhatsini we-cacti kanye nezitshalo ezinqabile. Unesimo se-shrub esinamacwecwe amacembe, e-axils lapho izikhukhula zikhula khona, zisiza isitshalo ukuthi sinamathele emithini. Lezi zinhlayiyana nezimbali zifana nalezo zenye i-cacti, kodwa iziqu azizona ezinomsoco, kodwa zifana nalezi zihlahla nezihlahla.
  2. I-Opuntia (Opuntioideae) - zihlukaniswa ukutholakala kwamaqabunga ahlambalayo emahlumela amancane, iziqu ezinomsoco kanye nezimpumputhe ezibukhali kakhulu (glochidia). Zonke izitshalo zaleli qembu zinezimbali ezifanayo futhi imbewu enkulu kakhulu.
  3. I-Mauh-en (Maihuenioideae) - Indawo yokusabalalisa - i-Patagonia kuphela (eningizimu ye-Argentina). Njengamaqabunga e-opuntia, anamaqabunga ajikelezayo ajwayelekile, kodwa awunayo i-glochidia. I-stem inama-tubilles ama-papillae-10-50 cm ububanzi. Amahlumela amancane afana nokuhluma kwezitshalo eziqhamukayo. Ukukhishwa kwe-Carbon monoxide kwenzeka emini, njengase-Opuntsev. Lo mndeni usanda kutholakala emkhakheni wezitshalo zezinhlobo zezitshalo futhi umelwe izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela.
  4. I-Cactus (iCactoideae) - konke okusele, okuningi kakhulu kwe-cacti genus, bumbene kuleli qembu. Izitshalo zeqembu azikho amaqabunga nganoma yiluphi uhlobo (ngaphandle kwebhubhisi lembali), akukho glochidia. Amahlumela amancane anesimo sebhola noma isilinda. Ifaka ngesimo semivimbo yesibhakabhaka, i-spherical, ngendlela yamakholomu noma enwabuzelayo emhlabathini. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi ezikhulile emaqoqweni asekhaya.

Ngokuvamile ukukhula ekhaya sebenzisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo:

  1. I-Astrophytum (i-Star Cactus) - uneziqu ezibunjiwe noma ezinkanyezi, izimbambo (ama-5-10 izingcezu) zimbozwe izinwele ezibomvu, ziqhakaza ngezimbali ezinkulu eziphuzi, ngezinye izikhathi ziqukethe i-hue ebomvu.
  2. Echinocereus - hhayi isivakashi esivame kakhulu eqoqweni lasekhaya, njengoba kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile: ubusika obubandayo obomile ngokuphelele. Kunezinhlangothi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezibuthakathaka ezinama-cylindrical nezinkulu ezinama-coarsely branched. I-blooms kakhulu ngezimbali ezinkulu kuze kufike ku-10 cm namafutha omama we-pearl kanye nephunga lemon.
  3. I-Echinocactus Gruzoni - I-stem spherical ingakhula ibe yi-1 m ukuphakama no-50 cm ububanzi. Izimbambo (izingcezu ezingu-20-35) zigcwele izinwele ezimhlophe noma zegolide. Izitshalo ezindala kuphela (ezindala kuneminyaka engama-20 ubudala) ziyaqhakaza nezimbali ezinkulu eziphuzi.
  4. Rainbow Echinocactus - ukuma kwe-spherical, ukuphakama kuze kufike ku-50 cm, izimbali ze-pink and purple hues kuze kufike ku-7.5 cm. Unezimpande ezinobuthi okufanele zicatshangelwe uma zifakelwa kabusha.
  5. Echinopsis - kulula ukukhula, kalula ukufika. I-stem spherical, cylindrical noma i-columnar. Izimbali zivutha njengendlela yokuvuthwa kwe-funnel ebusuku. I-Echinopsis ivame ukusetshenziswa njengezitshalo zobuchwepheshe njengama-rootstocks.
  6. I-Ferocactus - ukuma kwe-spherical noma oblate, ezinkulu, ezinzima. Kakhulu kakhulu izingane, ukwakha lonke koloni-umndeni. Baqhakaza phakathi nosuku lapho bekhulela ku-25 cm. Izimbali ezifakwe emngcwabeni zibomvu, ziphuzi noma zibomvu ebusuku.
  7. Amamandra - izitshalo ezincane (kufika ku-30 ​​cm), i-spherical, ngaphandle kwezimbambo. Izimbali ziyi-tubular noma i-bell ezibunjwa, ziqhakaza embuthanweni phezulu kwesigamu. Umehluko omkhulu ovela kwezinye izinhlobo ukutholakala kwamapilisi, okuvela kuwo izimpande, namafihlethi avela ezonini.
  8. I-Notocactus - ukuma kweyindilinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kukhishwa. Sondeza eduze kwe-tuberculate kune-ribbed. Izimbali ezinemibala ehlukahlukene - orange, ophuzi, obomvu, obomvana. Akunikezi amahlumela ohlangothini.
  9. I-pear epholile - ehlukene ngesimo nombala wezimbali - ophuzi, olalanti, obomvu, obomvana. Ukuba khona kwe-glochidia kudinga ukuqapha lapho ushiya. Inikeza amahlumela kalula, ngokuvamile avela ezindaweni ezingalindelekile.
  10. ISlumbergera noma i-Rozhdestvennik (i-Holiday Cactus) - lesi sitshalo siphila egameni layo naseziqhumeni ebusika (ezinye izinhlobo - i-Ripsalidopsis noma i-"eggter Easter"). Isitshalo ngesimo samahlumela we-drooping angakhula njengesitshalo esikhulu. Izimbali zihlukahlukene ngombala, kufika ku-8 cm.

Uyazi? I-Echinocactus Gruzoni ingafinyelela eminyakeni engama-600 futhi ibhekwa njengesikhathi eside.

Ungayinakekela kanjani i-cactus ekhaya?

Ngokunakekelwa kahle, i-cacti yangaphakathi ingaba yinto emangalisayo yokuhlobisa ekhaya. Sekuyisikhathi eside beyeke ukungazi lutho futhi bazizwe bekhululekile emaqoqweni asekhaya.

Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-cacti oluthakazelisayo futhi oluyingqayizivele ngendlela yalo, futhi ukunakekelwa okufanele kuzonikeza eziningi ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo. Ngoba zonke izitshalo zazo ezilula zixhomeke ezimweni ezikhulayo. Futhi into esemqoka ukudala izimo ezihambisana nendawo yokukhula yemvelo kanye nokujikeleza kwempilo.

Izitshalo zinezikhathi zokuphumula kanye nezinkathi zokukhula okusebenzayo okuncinyane kunezikhathi zokulala. Ukuhlelwa kwezimila ezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali kufaka amasonto amathathu kuya kwangu-6 emva kokushiya isimo sokuphumula. I-Cacti bloom, ngokuvamile ngoMeyi-Juni. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-cacti ezifanele ukutshalwa ekhaya - ezinye zivele zingenalo ekamelweni, kanti ezinye ziyenobuthi, ezinye zinezakhiwo ezincelisayo, ezinye ziyi-hallucinogenic.

Funda kabanzi ngohlu lwe-cacti lokuzalisa ekhaya.

Indawo yokuhlala

Indawo enhle yokubeka i-cactus ayikhethwa ngezizathu zokuhlobisa, kodwa ngesisekelo sezidingo zesitshalo.

Kubalulekile! Ngokukhanya kwelanga okukhulu, i-cactus stalk iba obomvu. Leli "tan" futhi isici singesesikhashana.
Izitshalo ze-thermophilic futhi ezithandekayo zezifunda ezigwadule kufanele zitholakale kulezo zindawo - lezi zingamafasitela eningizimu, eningizimu-mpumalanga-ntshonalanga, noma ekushiseni okushisa. Izimila zifana nezinhlobo ezimbi, nakuba zidinga ukushisa nokukhanya okuningi, kodwa ngeke zibekezelele ilanga eliqondile emini, uzodinga ukukhanya noma ukukhanya okungafani. Futhi izinhlobo ezihluma ngesikhathi sasebusika zibhekwa kahle endaweni engeyona indawo. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuphumula, i-cacti ihanjiswa elangeni kancane kancane. Lona ukuqina kwesitshalo esilahlekelwe umkhuba wokushisa kwelanga phakathi nobusika. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanyisa, ukukhanya nge-phytolamps kuyadingeka. Ezinye i-cacti zixhomeke ekuqondeni kokukhanya, kodwa akufanele ushintshe isimo se-flowerpot - izinhlobo ezibhekene nezindawo eziguqukayo zingalahla izimbali neziqu.

Ukushisa kwemoya nomswakama

Amanzi okugcina amanzi e-cacti awalondolozi kuphela izitshalo ekushiseni, anikeze umswakama, kodwa futhi asize ukudlulisa umehluko emakhazeni emini nasebusuku ezimweni zemvelo. Izinhlobo ezincane zingakwazi ukubekezelela ngisho namaqhwa amancane. Kodwa izinhlobo eziningi zizwela kakhulu ekunciphiseni izinga lokushisa futhi ziyafa uma zisondela zero. Ekhaya, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlinzeka okulandelayo lokushisa kombuso:

  • isikhathi sokuphumula - ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kuya ku-12 ... + 15 ° C, izinhlobo zama-frost ezinganqamuki zingabusika ngo-5 ° C, mhlawumbe endaweni epholile ngaphandle kokushisa okufakelwayo;
  • isikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo - izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngaphakathi + 26 ... + 31 ° C, kodwa izinhlobo zezinkangala ziyoqina futhi + 35 ... + 40 ° C.

Kubalulekile! I-Cacti ayikwazi ukuchithwa ehlobo eshisayo (ngaphandle kweKleystokaktus).
I-Cacti, izizukulwane zazo sezikhulile futhi zathuthuka ekhaya isikhathi eside, zingaphansi kuncike emaphethini okushisa kunezihlobo zazo zasendle.

I-Cacid idinga ukufudumala kwemoya yomoya, ukuphuza umoya okuvamile ngaphandle kwemidwebo, kanye nokuphamba okukhanyayo ngesimo senkungu ekuseni. Amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele afudumele - + 30 ... + 35 ° C.

Ukunisela

Njengawo wonke ama-succulents, i-cacti iyakwazi ukugcina ubuningi bomswakama futhi ihlale isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphuza. Kodwa basadingeka ukuba bagcwalise amanzi.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokukhipha i-cacti.

Ukunisela kuyenzeka kungavamile, kodwa kuningi, kulindeleke ukuhamba kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa izimbobo zokugeleza nokukhulula i-pan. Amanzi anqwabelene angabangela izimpande ezibola. Ukunisela kuyaphindwa emva kokumisa i-coma yomhlaba. Indlela yokunisela - phezulu phezulu komphetho noma epanini. Amanzi kufanele abe nokushisa okuphansi okuklanyelwe ukushisa angashiswa elangeni.

Ngokuba izinyoni zasolwandle zilimaza kakhulu emoyeni opholile, kodwa ukuqhuma kwamanzi emhlabathini kuyoholela ekufeni ekushiseni. Izinhlobo ezinezici ezinamagatsha azothatha amanzi amaningi.

Uyazi? Inani lomswakama elondolozwe ku-stem ngu-96%, futhi ngisho nesomiso asiwi ngaphansi kuka-60%.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ukunciphisa i-cacti kudinga izakhi, nakuba kuncane kunezinye izitshalo. Izitshalo zingasetshenziselwa ukukhulelwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kusukela ngoMashi. Esikhathini sokuqala sokukhula - kabili ngeviki, esikhathini esizayo - akukho okungenani kanye ngenyanga.

Indlela elula ukuthenga umquba wamaminerali okwenziwe ngomumo we-cacti futhi ugcine ngokucophelela ukuhlushwa. Ukuze uthole ingxube ozilungiselelayo usebenzisa ingxube ephezulu ye-phosphorus ne-potassium, ne-nitrogen encane (38% i-potassium, i-16% i-phosphorus ne-5.6% i-nitrogen).

Ividiyo: Yondla ama-succulents Lapho izitshalo sezilungele ukuqhakaza, faka nge-potassium phosphate. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi iswakanyiswe noma kuhlanganise nokuchelela okulandelayo. Noma yikuphi ukuxuba kusetshenziselwa ukugxila okuphansi - okungaphezu kuka-1 g ngalinye ilitha lamanzi elilodwa. Ukuqhutshwa okuphezulu kahle okwenziwe phezulu kwenza kube lula ukutshala izitshalo kaningi (kanye ngonyaka eminyakeni 4-5).

Ungasebenzisi umanyolo:

  • ngesikhathi sokuphumula ebusika noma ekushiseni kwehlobo;
  • nomonakalo wempande;
  • emva kokufakelwa kabusha kanye nokuqothula.

Ukufakelwa

I-cactus isendlini ayifakelwa ngaphezu kweyodwa njalo eminyakeni emibili, ezinye zezilwane ezibhekiswe ekukhuleni okusheshayo, ngisho nangaphansi kaningi-kanye kanye eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyisithupha. I-substrate ye-cacti kufanele ibe lula, ikhululekile futhi iqukethe izinhlayiya ezinkulu, ezenza kube nomswakama kanye nokuphefumula emoyeni. Ungasebenzisa ukuxuba kokuthenga kwe-cacti noma wenze umhlabathi ngokwakho ngokuxuba inhlabathi enokulinganayo kanye nesihlabathi esinamafutha. Esinye isihlabathi singashintshwa yi-rubble, amahlumela, noma igravel.

Kubalulekile! Ukwenza i-cactus ikhule, ukulima kuyenziwa embizeni encane. - Ivuselela izimbali ze-cactus.
Khetha ibhodlela elincane kakhulu kunezimpande zangaphambilini nangaphezulu eziphezulu ngo-15% ukuze ugweme ukubola kwezimpande.

Ukutshala izihlahla kwenziwa entwasahlobo:

  1. Ngaphambi kokutshala izinsuku ezimbalwa unganamisi isitshalo ukuze uthole ingxube engcono yezimpande.
  2. Ngaphansi kwe-pot stack drainage yobumba obunwe, izitini eziphukile ngaphandle komhlabathi noma amatshe amatshe.
  3. Ibhodlela ligcwele inhlabathi okwesithathu, futhi isitshalo sifakwa phakathi, ngokuthobeka ukulungisa izimpande. Fafaza yonke indawo enkampeni yezimpande.
  4. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba i-powder intamo impande ngesihlabathi esihlanzekile noma amatshe amancane.
  5. Emva kokufakelwa kabusha, bayayinisela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa futhi bangawufaki.

Indlela yokwandisa ekhaya

I-Cactus isakaza ngokumnandi, izicuttings kanye nembewu ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo.

Indlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza - imbewu yokuhlwanyela. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu kufanele iphathwe nge-ethyl alcohol (isixazululo se-potassium permanganate engangeni ngaphakathi kwegobolondo eliqinile). Imbewu ihlakazeka phezulu noma icindezelwe kancane. Amahlumela e-desert cacti avela ekushiseni kwama-+ 25 ... + 35 ° C, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zidinga ukushisa kwe-16 ... + 18 ° C. Ukudala umswakama odingekayo, izimo ezishisayo nokukhanyisa kuzovumela ifilimu noma ingilazi phezulu kwe-tank nge-ventilation njalo nokugcoba.

Funda kabanzi ngokuhlwanyela okufanele imbewu ye-cactus.

Amahlumela okuqala avela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10, kodwa kuzothatha inyanga ukuhluma ngokugcwele yonke imbewu.

Ukukhiqizwa kwemifino kubonakala ngokuhlukanisa amahlumela esitshalweni esiyinhloko somama, izimpande zomsakazo noma amaqabunga. Bakha izimpande kalula futhi baqhubeke bekhula njengesitshalo somdala. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwe-areola noma ezimpandeni zezinqubo, ngezinye izikhathi ngezimpande eziluhlaza. Lezi zinqubo zihlukanisiwe futhi zigxilile, zikhula njengesitshalo esihlukile.

Uyazi? Ukuphepha kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezithile ze-cacti iminyaka engu-30.
Izitshalo eziningi azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngenhlanganisela ephumelelayo yezinhlobonhlobo nokulula kokunakekelwa. С помощью кактусов можно составить прекрасную картину в домашней коллекции, настолько велико их различие по формам, окраске цветов, виду колючек. Научившись определять вид и обеспечив правильный уход, вы получите интересное и плодотворное хобби.

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