Ikhalenda Lunar for utamatisi ngo-2018

Noma yisiphi isitifiketi se-amateur esithinte kakhulu ekutshalweni kwemifino esilandela ngokulandela ikhalenda yenyanga, ngokusho ukuthi kuyadingeka yini ukufeza imisebenzi yokulima.

Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngomyalelo wokutshala utamatisi ngo-2018, ukuqala ngokuhlwanyela imbewu ngo-Mashi nokuphela kokuvuna ehlobo.

Okuqukethwe:

• Imbewu yokuhlwanyela nokuhlwanyela
• Khetha
• Ukudla izithombo
• Lapho utshala izithombo endaweni evulekile noma ukushisa
• Weeding for open ground
• Masking
• Ukunisela nokudla
• Ukuvuna

Ngesikhathi sokutshala utamatisi ngezinsizakalo ekhalendeni lenyanga ngo-2018

Ngokuvamile emapulazini angasese emhlabathini ovulekile, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni okushisa, imbewu ayihlwanyelwe. Kulawa, izithombo ezikhulile ngaphambili, futhi kuphela lapho etshalwe khona endaweni engapheli yokulima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela enjalo ye-agrotechnical ivumela kancane kancane, ngoJulayi, ukuvuna isitshalo sokuqala. Into esemqoka akufanele ilahle izinsuku zokutshala ezinhle ngoMashi, ukuze imbewu yezotamatisi ithathe izimpande kahle futhi esikhathini esizayo zihlume amahlumela enempilo. Ake sibone kuzodingeka nini ukuthi kwenziwe ngo-2018. Kusukela kukhulukazi sathola isiko lokutshala imbewu ka-tomato ngoMashi 8. Ngezindlela eziningi, beqinisile, kodwa, okokuqala, esikhathini sethu kukhona ukukhanya okhethekile kwezithombo, "ezandisa" ukukhanya kwemini futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uqale ukuhlwanyela kancane kancane.

Futhi okwesibili, ukuthola usuku, udinga ukucabangela izici eziningi ezihlukene:

• izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo (ekuqaleni noma ngasekupheleni);
• indawo yesimo sezulu (ukubikezelwa kokugcina kwentwasahlobo yama-frosts);
• izinkathi zokuguquka kwezigaba zenyanga;
• Ingabe uhlela ukuqoqa (iyanciphisa ukukhula ngezinsuku ezingu-7-10);
• izimo zokutshala imifino (ukuvuleka noma ukushisa).

Uma sicabangela zonke lezi zinhlayiya, usuku oluhlelwe lokutshala kwezithombo luzimisele, futhi izinsuku ezingu-60 "ziphinde zenziwe" kuzo izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo noma izinsuku ezingama-75 ngezinhlobo zekwephuzile. Umphumela wokubala uzoba usuku lokuhlwanyela, Yebo, olulungiselwe izigaba zenyanga.

Kubalulekile ukucubungula ushintsho lwezinyanga ze-synodic kwezobunjiniyela bezolimo ukuze isitshalo sikhule ngokuhambisana nemijikelezo yalo yemvelo, okungukuthi, ukuthola isivuno esicebile.

Imbewu yokuhlwanyela nokuhlwanyela

Uma uhlela ukutshala izithombo endaweni yokushisa esontweni lokuqala likaJuni, khona-ke imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaMashi. Lokhu kubalwa okunzima. Futhi ngezinsuku zokutshala ngqo, kucatshangelwa lesi sifundazwe, ngo-March 2018 ukuze utamatisi uzoba (emva kwalokhu, ukuwa phansi ezindaweni eziseningizimu, izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, isibonelo, esifundeni saseMoscow nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho):

Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, imbewu kufanele ihlolwe ngokufanele:

• ukulahla "ama-dummies" kanye "nezicathulo" ezihambayo lapho amasampula abhalwa isisombululo saline imizuzu engu-10;
• ukufudumala amasampuli akhethiwe ngezinsuku ezingu-2-3 kubhethri emphakathini wezincuba, uma lezi zinhlobo ezihlanzekile (hhayi ama-hybrid) futhi zigcinwa emakhazeni;
• ukukhipha amagciwane nge-disinfection, isibonelo, ukuyigcina cishe ingxenye yesigamu sehora ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate noma ukugqoka imizuzu embalwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-hydrogen peroxide;
• Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlwanyela imbewu (uma kuyizinhlobonhlobo ezihlanzekile) ngokuzifaka esikhwameni se-gauze bese uzifaka emanzini afudumele amahora angu-12, mhlawumbe amanzi anambitheka ngokubunjwa komsoco (sodium noma potassium humate noma into enjalo), okumele iguqulwe njalo amahora amane;
• zihlume emgodini we-gauze pad (noma wephepha lokuhlunga) ekamelweni lokushisa;
• unzima ama-embusi amazinyo amahora angu-12 esiqandisini, bese uchitha amahora angu-12 ekushiseni kwe-18 ± 2 ° С, bese uphinda inqubo izikhathi ezingu-2-3.

Kubalulekile! Izinsuku zokuthwasa kwenyanga kanye nenyanga egcweleyo azihambisani nokutshala izitshalo, kufaka phakathi utamatisi. Ngalesi sikhathi kungcono ukungenzi umsebenzi nhlobo.

Imbewu yezithombo ihlwanyelwa engxenyeni encane yombumba, igcwele amabhokisi amakhulu ngezinhlangothi eziyi-10 cm ukuphakama. Lezi substrates zithengiswa kunoma yisiphi isitolo segadini noma esitolo esikhulu se-DIY, kodwa uma ufisa, ungenza izandla zakho zibe izingxenye ezilinganayo zenhlabathi ye-turf, i-humus ne-peat, engeza umlotha womlotha kanye nohla lwe-phosphate fertilizer. I-substrate eyenziwe ngokwenzayo idinga ukushisa kuhhavini cishe imizuzu eyishumi, ekushiseni kuka-180 ± 20 ° C, noma kuhhavini ye-microwave ngomzuzu nje kwimodi yokushisa.

Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, izilimo ezingenalutho zilimala enhlabathini, nengxenye yesithathu yomunwe womunwe, oneminwe emibili emkhatsini wemigqa, futhi sezivele ziphonsa imbewu ngezikhathi zomunwe, bese zifafaza ngenhlanganisela efanayo.

Uyazi? Utamatisi aqukethe i-serotonin, "i-hormone enhle ye-mood," yingakho iphakanyiswa njengezidakamizwa nokucindezeleka kwengqondo.

Izithombo zitshalwe zifudumele (+ 18 ... +25 ° C), zikhanyise kahle, zigcina umswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi nsuku zonke. Ekuqaleni, ezinsukwini ezingu-14 zokuqala, ukuzinzisa izinga lokushisa nomswakama, iziqukathi zihlanganiswe nesembozo esingenasici (ingilazi noma ipulasitiki) noma ifilimu, ephilile umoya nsuku zonke.

Isikhathi esiphelele sokulondolozwa kwezithombo zamatamatisi kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlwitha amahlumela ekhaya cishe amasonto ayi-7 ± 1, ucabangela ikhalenda yenyanga. Ezinsukwini ezifudumele, ezingenamoya kufanele zithathwe endaweni evulekile yokushisa ilanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlumela avele adinga ukudla ngokujwayelekile 1 njalo emavikini amabili.

Khetha

Njengoba kuboniswe yisibonelo esifundeni saseMoscow, izinsuku zokutshala izitamatisi ngo-2018 zizoba ngoMashi 20, 25, 30 no-31. Amahlumela e-Dive kufanele ayenze ngosuku lweshumi lokuphila kwawo, okuqala ngesonto emva kokuhlwanyela. Ngakho-ke, ukubekwa "kwentsha" ebhokisini elijwayelekile ngamathangi ngamanye kufanele kwenziwe:

Iziqukathi zomuntu ngamunye ziyizimbiza ze-peat, kodwa ungasebenzisa futhi izindebe zepulasitiki ezingu-200 ml.

Kubalulekile! Ukukhetha kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu: ungalimaza izimpande zethenda zezithombo. Ukuze i-earthy lump ivuleke futhi ilula, kufanele iphuze amahora amabili ngaphambi kokukhetha.

Ukudla izithombo

Izinsuku ezingu-10 emva kokuhamba, amahlumela asevele adinga ukuphakelayo okujwayelekile. Ukuhamba kwesikhathi - njalo emavikini amabili. Ngakho, ukudla kokuqala kufanele kwenzeke:

Futhi ukudla okwesibili kufanele kwenzeke:

Njengendlela yokugqoka, izimila ezikhethekile eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ingxube ye-superphosphate (35 g), i-potassium sulfate (12 g), urea (4 g), isetshenziswe ku-10 l amanzi. Ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi kufanele ihambelane.

Lapho utshala izithombo endaweni evulekile noma ukushisa

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40-50 (kuye ngokuthi yizinhlobonhlobo) amabhulashi ahlobisa amahlumela, bese emva kwezinsuku ezingu-15 kuyoba yisikhathi sokutshala emagqeni noma emibhedeni yokushisa.

Futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isivuno esihle sotamatisi, sidinga inhlabathi elula engabhekene nokuntuleka kwama-humus, nge-balance-base base-balance ne-oxygen yokungena ohlelweni lwempande.

Imibhede ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo zidinga ukulungiswa ngendlela efanele: ukukhululeka ngokuphelele, ukufudumala ngaphansi kwefilimu omnyama ne-flavour ngezindaba eziphilayo. Kulesi simo, i-nitrogen emqubeni akufanele ibe ngokweqile, ngaphandle kwalokho izitshalo zizokhula izithelo eziningi. Ukutshala kudinga ukudubula ngaphandle kwamaqabunga e-yellowing ne-cotyledon, futhi hhayi kakhulu. Ukutshala kumele kwenziwe lapho kungabikho ilanga (kusihlwa noma ngosuku olushubile) nomoya, enhlabathini enomthoba emanzini. Uhlelo lokutshala luncike kuhlobo lwesitshalo.

Weeding for open ground

Udinga ukunakekela imibhede hhayi nje ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo. Kubalulekile ukuhlakulela inhlabathi njalo, ngesikhathi sonke sokukhula katamatisi. Ngempela, ukukhiqiza kwabo kuxhomeke kulo. Ngakho imibhede yetamatisi idinga ukuhlanzwa futhi ikhululiwe njalo.

Ukuhluma, ngaphezu kokuba yindlela yokudala ukhula lwe-agronomic, inikeza inhlabathi ngokukhululeka nangamanzi adingekayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukhula lususa umswakama kanye nezakhi ezivela ezitshalweni ezilinywayo. Futhi, uma kuvunyelwe ukukhula, yakha isithunzi nemibandela yokusakazwa kwezifo.

Masking

Zonke utamatisi ezivela kuma-axils amaqabunga ngesikhathi esithile ngesikhathi ziqala ukukhula okuthiwa izingane zokutholwa. Lezi amahlumela akwenzi isihlahla siphumelele kakhulu; ngokuphambene, sinciphisa ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo okwakhiwe kakade. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izingane zokutholwa zenza isihlahla sibe lukhulu kakhulu, okudala umthunzi ongadingekile wokutshala, futhi kwandisa amathuba okutheleleka kwawo. Ukuze kuncishiswe zonke lezi zingozi futhi kuqede izimo ezingathandeki, ukukhishwa kwezinhlangothi, okungukuthi, ukususwa kwezingxenye ezingadingekile, kuqhutshwa.

Lapho ukhula utamatisi, izici ezihlukahlukene zezilwane ezihlukahlukene zithatha indawo ebalulekile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi udinga yini u-pasynkovanie utamatisi i-Riddle, i-Rio Fuego, i-Black Prince, i-De Barao, i-Crimson Giant, i-Star yaseSiberia, i-Volovye Sertse, i-Klusha, i-Chocolate, i-Chio-Chio-San, i-Madeira, i-Pink IPharadesi, i-Verlioka.

Kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe noma yikuphi umsebenzi wokulima imifino ezinsukwini ezinomile, ezingenanjongo ezingxenyeni zokuqala zazo: kuphela kuleli cala noma yikuphi ukulimala kwesitshalo kuzophulukisa kuze kube kusihlwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho, amathuba okutheleleka kwawo azokwehliswa kancane.

Kubalulekile! Utamatisi ahlamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi angaphula ngaphansi kwesisindo sesithelo (noma aguqe phansi), ngakho-ke kufanele ahlanganiswe kusukela ekuqaleni lapho utshala izitshalo. Kuzobasiza futhi ukuba bathathe izimpande futhi bakhule ngokushesha.

Ukunisela nokudla

Utamatisi cishe zonke izinhlobo, ukuthi usevele ensimini noma ku-greenhouse, akudingi ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Udinga nje ukwenza konke ngesikhathi, ngokuhambisana nekhalenda yenyanga futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana nokuchelela, ikakhulukazi ngoJulayi, lapho isimo sezulu siba khona.

Kodwa-ke, utamatisi, ngisho nezinhlobo ezingapheli kakhulu zidinga ukuchelela njalo ukuze ugweme ukuma emhlabathini. Umswakama kufanele ube ngokwanele kuze kube sekuvuneni. Indlela yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi ithela amanzi ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla noma emkhatsini wemigqa, kodwa ngisho nokuphuzisa okungcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuvinjelwe umlotha omncane unganezelwa emanzini. Ukufafaza kwandisa futhi amathuba okushisa izifo zezitshalo.

Imvamisa yokunisela - njalo ngezinsuku ezintathu (kufaka phakathi isimo sezulu esomile noma esimanzi).

Ubukhulu bokunisela: ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimbali - isigamu ibhakede ngalinye imitha yesigcawu, nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza - ibhakede ngalinye imitha yesikwele.

Isikhathi sokunisela - kusihlwa. Khona-ke umswakama ovela emhlabathini ovulekile uyokhuphuka kancane kancane, futhi ukuvuthwa kwe-greenhouse emadongeni ekamelo kunciphisa.

Kubalulekile! Umswakama owedlulele ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokuvuthwa kwesithelo kuholela ekudakaleni kokunambitheka kwawo, ukuqhuma nokuwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina umswakama oqinile nokushisa ku-greenhouse, kanye ne-condensate engangeni emithini, kudingeka uvuselele ikamelo ngemuva kokuchelela (futhi futhi ekushiseni) okungenani amahora ambalwa.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezinhlobonhlobo zika utamatisi kufanele kwenziwe okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ngesikhathi sokukhula, kodwa kungcono ukukwenza kanye njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili.

Lezi zitshalo ezifana nanoma yimuphi umanyolo, into eyinhloko ukuthi kune-nitrogen encane kunazo zonke kunamanye amaminerali, ikakhulukazi, i-phosphorus ne-potassium, uma kunjalo, uma lezi zakhi zinganele ngokwakhiwa kwemvelo yenhlabathi.

Ukuqala kokukhulelwa - ngosuku lweshumi emva kokuthi "ukuthuthwa" kwamahlumela emibhedeni. Ukubuyisela kabusha kwenziwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-14. Futhi njalo.

Ukuvuna

Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni, uma utamatisi ungahlwanyelwe emhlabathini ovulekile (noma embhedeni wokushisa) futhi utshale izithombo, isitshalo sokuqala sizojabulisa ngoJulayi, noma ngaphezulu, izinsuku ezingu-110 emva kokuhlwanyela.

Yikuphi uhlobo lokuvuna okumele ukhethe, ukuhlukanisa noma sonke isitshalo ngesikhathi esisodwa, kulandelwa ukuvuthwa kwesithelo, kuxhomeke ezihlukahlukene zikamatamatisi, kanye nokuthi imifino izogcinwa isikhathi eside noma ithuthwe ngamabanga amade. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuhlanza kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sezulu, ngesikhathi esishisayo sosuku, ukugwema ukulimala izithelo.

Uyazi? Isithelo samatamatisi asendle sinciphisa i-1 g kuphela, kanti ezinye imifino yamasiko ifinyelela isisindo esingaphezu kuka-1 kg.

Utamatisi ongapheli kufanele agcinwe ezimweni ezithile, ezikhethiwe kuye ngokuthi kudingekile kangakanani ukwelula isitoreji. Ngakho-ke, ukuvuthwa kwezinyanga ezimbili, isitshalo senziwe esitokisini esisodwa futhi sigcinwe ekushiseni kuka-12 ± 2 ° C futhi kunomswakama we-80 ± 5%. Emiphakathini ephezulu yezulu, izithelo zibolile, futhi emazingeni aphansi, ziba yi-flabby.

Ukukhanyisa akuthinti inqubo yokuvuthwa, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuphumula kwegumbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukususa amajikijolo abomvu kusukela esitokisini sonke isikhathi, cishe nsuku zonke, uma kungenjalo "bayolungisa" yonke imithi yemifino.

Ngokuvuthwa okusheshayo, izithelo zangaphambi kokulinganiswa zifakwe emigqeni emibili futhi zilondolozwe ku-20 ± 2 ° C. Ukuvuthwa okukhulu okusheshayo, izithelo ezingavuthiwe zibekiwe.

Uma ufuna ukukhulisa isivuno esicebile, landela yonke imithetho ehlongozwayo yezeluleko nezincomo. Futhi wonke umuntu uyojabula: kokubili wena nomuzi wakho, futhi, mhlawumbe, imifino ngokwabo!