I-sweet cherry ingenye yezihlahla zezithelo ezithandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu zezwekazi lase-Eurasian. Izithelo zawo zivuthwe kakhulu kunabanye, zithuthuka kahle, futhi injabulo yokudla la amajikijolo amnandi futhi amnandi ngemva kokubanda kwebusika omude futhi okuthakazelisayo akunakwenzeka ukuchaza! Akumangazi ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla zivela njalo ngonyaka futhi, uma zinqume ukutshala ezweni lakubo, ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukwenza ukhetho oluhle. Sinikeza ukuthi sijwayelene nesikhonzi sobukhosi sangempela phakathi kwabalingani bakhe - izinhlobo ezahlukene zeFranz Joseph (amanye amagama "uFrancis" futhi akahambisani kakhulu "Dense").
Umlando wokuzala
UFranz-Joseph I Kukhona ngeshwa akukho idatha enokwethenjelwa emlandweni wokuzalanisa walezi zinhlobonhlobo, kanye nolwazi mayelana nokuthi kungani umuthi uthola igama lombusi odumile wase-Austria ovela embusweni waseHabsburg.
Noma kunjalo, siyazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi kuzovela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezivela eNtshonalanga Yurophu, cishe eCzech Republic, lapho nazo zavela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.
Kukholelwa ukuthi umbhali walo U-Iosif-edward prokheokuyinto, ngendlela, kwakungeyena umzalisi, kodwa isazi se-pomologist, okungukuthi, usosayensi uhlola izinhlobo zezitshalo. Mhlawumbe kwakungugama lomlobi elibekiwe egameni lezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha, elizihlanganisa ngesizotha negama legama lakhe elikhulu.
Uyazi? I-sweet cherry ingenye yezihlahla zezithelo zasendulo ezalinywa ngumuntu, amathambo ayo atholakala emasimini abantu abaqala ukuqala kusukela eminyakeni eyikhulu lesishiyagalombili BC, futhi ekhulwini lesine leminyaka ngaphambi kukaKristu, Theophrastus, isazi semvelo saseGreki, washo izithelo ze-sweet cherry emibhalweni yakhe.
ESoviet Union, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zaseCzechoslovak zaqala ukubheka ukuphela kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ngo-1947, lesi sihlahla sesithelo sasihlanganiswa nerejista yombuso, futhi kusukela ngo-1974 saqala ukutshala esikhungweni sezimboni ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseNyakatho Caucasus, ikakhulukazi eKabardino-Balkaria, Adygea, North Ossetia, eKrasnodar naseT Stavropol Territories, naseKarachaevo- I-Cherkessia. 
Namuhla "uFrancis" uyaziwa kahle, othandekayo futhi uphumelele. bred cishe phesheya Ukraine (ikakhulukazi eDonetsk, eDnepropetrovsk, e-Kirovograd, eZaporizhia, e-Kherson, e-Nikolaev, e-Odessa, eTernopil, e-Khmelnytsky, e-Chernivtsi, e-Lviv, e-Ivano-Frankivsk nakwezinye izindawo), naseMoldova nase-Asia Ephakathi. Izihlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zaseYurophu zizwa ehlonhlweni laseCrimea.
E-Russia, ngaphezu kwezifunda ezibalulwe ngenhla, lesi sihlahla sakhula futhi esifundeni saseRostov.
Bheka futhi incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zama cherry: "Adeline", "Regina", "Revna", "Bryansk Pink", "Iput", "Leningradskaya Chernaya", "Fatezh", "Chermashnaya", "Krasnaya Gorka", "Ovstuzhenka", i- " "Valery Chkalov".
Incazelo yomuthi
Isihlahla esithi "Franz Joseph" sinkulu kakhulu, sinomqhele okhulu kakhulu obunjwayela oval. Amagatsha amacembe ahlelwe ngamathrekhi, okuyizinto ezijwayelekile zehlobo eliphezulu lomqhele we-pyramidal. Amaqabunga afana neqanda eliphethwe ukuphela, kodwa kunesayizi enkulu.
Izithombo ngokuvamile zithengiswa ngeminyaka eyodwa ubudala, isisindo esihle kakhulu se-cherry esiphezulu.
Incazelo yezithelo
Izithelo zinomumo ojikelezayo noma obanzi-oval nge-groove ehlukile, edlula phakathi ohlangothini olulodwa (ngakolunye uhlangothi, cishe alubonakali). Umbala uphuzi ohlangothini lwe-amber nelinye elibomvu elikhanyayo noma "obala" okumboza cishe yonke indawo. Inyama nayo iphuzi, kodwa i-pink tinge. 
Ubukhulu besithelo bukhulu kakhulu, kusuka ku-5 g kuya ku-8 g, kodwa okwamanje lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingaphansi kobukhulu kumncintiswano anjengokuthi "I-Large-fruited", "Bull-heart", "Daibego", "Italian".
Kubalulekile! "Franz Joseph" - lolu hlobo lwe-Cherry Biggaro, futhi omunye wabamele bakhe abakhulu. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zalesi sihlahla, i-gini, izithelo zesikhulu esikhulu sinomzimba omningi, inyama enomzimba futhi enamahloni, ijusi libala futhi lingenambala. Lezi amajikijolo zigciniwe kangcono futhi zilungele izikhala ezihlukahlukene, nakuba zivuthwa kancane kancane. I-Gini - izinhlobo zokuqala, ithenda kanye namanzi, kepha cishe azifanelekile ukugcina nokuhamba, zidliwa ngokushesha, "ngaphandle kokuphuma emthini."
Yidla ku "Inyama Enamandla" elimnandi ngobuhlungu obubabayo, naphezu kokubambisana, okwethenda futhi okunomsoco. Ngokwesilinganiso esivumelwaneni esivela emihlanu, izici ezithandekayo zezithelo zikaFranz Josef zilinganisiwe kakhulu, zivela kumaphuzu angu-4.2 kuya ku-4.5.
Ukuvota
Ngokuvamile, lapho utshala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokubambisa ama cherry amnandi esakhiweni, abalimi abangenalwazi bazibuza ukuthi kungani lesi sihlahla singaqala ukuthela izithelo. Futhi isizathu silula: i-cherry enhle ayikwazi ukuvota impova.
Kubalulekile! Naphezu kokuthi abakhiqizi abasanda kuzama ukuthuthukisa izinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry ezithandekayo, zisabonakala zingavamile. Njengoba umthetho, cherry sweet - Isihlahla esivumelanisiwe, esidinga isivuno esivamile semithi yokuvuna esitshalwe eduze, hhayi noma iyiphi, kodwa ecacisiwe, efanelekile kulolu hlobo oluthile.
I-sweet cherry "Franz Joseph", ngeshwa, akuyona into ehlukile. Isithelo saso siboshelwe kangcono uma utshala eduze kwezinye izinhlobo zama cherry amnandi. I-pollinator engcono kakhulu kuye: "IJabule", "i-South Coast Red", "i-Drogan Yellow", "i-Black Dyber", "i-Big Dyber", "i-Biggaro Gosha", "i-Cassina yasekuqaleni", "igolide", "i-Biggaro Groll", "i-Gedelfingen", "i-Denissen Yellow". 
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuthiwe ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ukutshala okuhlangene ngakho akunakwenzeka ukufeza isivuno esihle. Uma kuphakama inkinga enjalo, abalimi abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuba basebenzise "okungenani" - impova yokubhukuda.
Kubalulekile! Impova yokufakelwa - umsebenzi unzima, kodwa unenzuzo emibili engenakuphikisana nayo: unikeza isivuno esiphezulu kakhulu (izithelo zizoboshwa cishe endaweni yembali ngayinye) futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, zivikela lesi sihlahla ezifweni ezilimazayo, ezithathwa yizinambuzane ezivuthiwe (Yebo, uma usebenzisa ihlanzekile ithuluzi).
Ubuchwepheshe bokuvotela okubhaliwe kuyisihloko se-athikili ehlukile, lapha ngeke sihlale kulo, umsebenzi wethu ukuzolalisa izakhamuzi zasehlobo ezihluphekile ezitshalise uFranz Joseph ohloniphekile esakhiweni sabo futhi abatholi ukubuyiselwa okulindelekile emthini.
Fruiting
Isikhathi se-fruiting "uFrancis" singasifinyelela ngaphambi komnyaka wesine wokuphila, kaningi - ngomhla wesihlanu noma wesithupha. Noma kunjalo, eminyakeni yokuqala ukuvuna kuyinto encane, kodwa uma uneminyaka engu-7-8 ubudala, lesi sihlahla sesizokwazi ngokugcwele umnikazi wayo. 
Izimpawu ezingenhla zokuqala kwe-fruiting ye-cherries elimnandi yizinkomba ezinhle kakhulu. Ngokusho kwalesi parameter, "uFranz Joseph", eqinisweni, ubhekisela kubaholi beqembu, ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo zama cherry amnandi njenge "Golden", "Jabule" no-Elton.
Uyazi? Ngokungafani nomuthi we-apula noma, isibonelo, i-apricot, i-cherry, iplamu kanye nezinye izihlahla zezithelo eziningi, umqondo othi "i-periodicity of fruiting" ayisebenzi kuma-cherries, kanti kulo nyaka umuthi uveza isivuno esikhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esilandelayo "sizophumula". Sekufike eminyakeni yobudala, "uFranz Joseph", njengezihlobo zakhe, uthela izithelo njalo ngonyaka, ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.
Isikhathi sokubeletha
Njengama-biggaros amaningi, "uFrancis" akuyona eyinhlobonhlobo yokuqala ye-cherries elimnandi, kodwa kunabo abaphakathi. Ngokuya esifundeni, izithelo zifinyelela ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe ngoJuni, futhi hhayi ngaphambi kweyeshumi leminyaka noma ngasekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala ehlobo.
Ukuthela
Kodwa ekuvuneni kwezinhlobo kufanele kuthiwa ikakhulukazi. I-sweet cherry ngokuvamile iyisihlahla esinamandla kakhulu, isivuno sayo sikhulu kunaleyo ye-cherry, okungenani engu-2, noma izikhathi ezingu-3. Kodwa "uFrancis" uyisibonelo esiyingqayizivele ngisho ne-cherry enhle.
Yiqiniso, izinkomba zokuzala ezithembekile zixhomeke esifundeni sokulima, iminyaka yesihlahla, izimo zokunakekelwa nezinye izici, kodwa sizobiza izinombolo ezimbalwa. 
On izinhlobo zemithi engu-10 ubudala "uFranz Joseph" ususwe ngokwesilinganiso 35 kg izithelo, oneminyaka engu-15 ubudala - 40 kg.
Uyazi? Izakhamuzi zaseCrimea zacabangela ukuthi empilweni yabo yonke umuthi owodwa wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zikaFrancis ukhiqiza isilinganiso sama-113 kg wezitshalo, kodwa inani lokurekhoda liphindwe kabili isilinganiso senani elijwayelekile - 249 kg!
Uma esifundeni saseNyakatho Caucasus, irekhodi lokuvunwa lilinganiselwa ku-30 kg ngonyaka, e-Ukraine, umuthi owodwa ususwa ngesikhathi ngasinye 60-70 kg we-cherry emihle kakhulu.
Ukuthutha
Esinye isici "uFrancis" engumholi ongathandabuzwayo ukuhamba kwezithelo.
Kubalulekile! Amajikijolo "uFranz Joseph" akakwazi nje ukuziqhayisa ukuhamba kahle okukhulu. Sekuyisikhathi eside lezi zinhlobonhlobo zicatshangelwa futhi ziqhubeka zibhekwa njengezinhlobo zokubeka uphawu lapho izakhiwo ezithwala ezinye izinhlobo zehlahla zithelo zilinganiswa.
Ukuletha izinhlobo ezintsha zama cherry, abalimi bazama ukufezekisa ukumelana kwezitshalo ekugcineni nasekuthuthweni, futhi kufanele ngithi lo msebenzi uxazululwa ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, "uFranz Joseph" uyaqhubeka ephakathi kwezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-cherry enhle kule nkomba ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni izimboni. 
Ukuphikiswa kwezimo nezifo zemvelo
I. I-Prohethi yiletha okwanele izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-cherry. Isihlahla sinqabile izimo ezihlukahlukene zemvelo (kunelungelo lokukhumbula indawo enhle kakhulu yokwakhiwa kwayo), ihlangabezana nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane. Ngokuphathelene nezifo ezifakwe emangcwabeni, isimo lapha futhi sinobuhle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi se-fruiting, i-gray gray iyingozi kunazo zonke i-cherry (i-spreader yi-fungus Botrytis cinerea), evame ukuthinta izithelo ezimvula kakhulu futhi ingathinta kakhulu ivolumu kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo.
Ezinye izitshalo zamatshe ezinsalela ezimbi ezimbi - i-moniliosis, i-kleasterosporiosis, ne-coccomycosis-ingabangela nokulimala okuthile kuFranz Joseph. I-Moniliasis, noma i-monilial burn, iyingozi emthini ngezinga elingaphansi (okuyingxenye eyodwa kwezingu-3, okungukuthi, kungenzeka ukuthi umonakalo awukho ngaphezu kwama-33.3%), nezinye izinto ezimbili ziba zimbi kakhulu: amathuba okuba ne-coccomycosis angama-62.5%, ama-catastrophies, noma i-spotting perforated - cishe ngo-70%. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ze-cherry elimnandi, lezi zibalo aziyona imiphumela emibi kangaka!
Iseluleko esiwusizo sabalimi: funda indlela yokuvikela isivuno kusuka ezinyoni.
Ukubekezelelana kwesomiso
I-sweet cherry iyisihlahla eseningizimu, ngakho-ke ama-frosts ayesabeka kakhulu kunayo isomiso. Kwanele ukuthi lesi sitshalo asikwazi ukuthola umswakama ngesikhathi sokungena esigabeni sokukhula okukhulayo emva kwebusika bese uqala ukwakha izithelo. 
Ngenhlanhla, ngokuvamile nje ngalesi sikhathi lapho amanzi emhlabathini akwanele, ngokuphambene nalokho, aqala ukuphahla ngenxa yokungena ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo. Lena inkinga engapheli yabalimi be-cherry. Isihlahla kufanele siphuze ngokweqile phakathi kwekwindla, kodwa inhloso yale nqubo ukusiza ama cherry asinde isikhathi esinzima kuso - ebusika, ngoba, njengoba wazi, umhlaba owomile ukhululeka ngaphezulu.
Noma kunjalo, phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ze-sweet cherry "u-Frans Joseph" akahlukanisi ngokumelene nesomiso, futhi kule parameter ingaphansi kwalezi zinhlobo ezinjenge "Kitaevskaya Chernaya", "Krupnoplodnaya", "Polyanka", "Priusadebnaya", "i-Russkaya", "i-Melitopol Ekuqaleni", futhi izinhlobo ezincane ezingaphansi kwesomiso ezifana neBahor, iBiggaro Napoleon White, iBiggaro Oratovsky, iVinka neVistavochnaya.
Ubusika obunzima
Konke kuhle ku cherry - futhi isivuno kanye ukunambitheka izithelo, futhi ngisho ukumelana nezilokazane nezifo. Inkinga eyodwa: izihlahla azikwazi neze ukuma iqhwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isikhathi eside, ama-cherries amnandi atshalwa kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu futhi ahlala engenakufinyeleleka ngisho nakwi-Central zone. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi abalimi baye baqondisa yonke imizamo yokuthuthukisa i-cherry, okungenani kancane enyakatho.
"Franz Joseph" - enye yemizamo yokuqala enjalo. Uma ukhumbula ibalazwe, kuzocaca ukuthi iCzech Republic yizindawo zokuzalwa ezihlukahlukene - itholakala kakhulu enyakatho yeCrimea, ebusika kuyabanda kakhulu (phansi kuya ku -30 ° C!), Futhi iqhwa elikhulu elinamandla livame ukuvula indlela ye-thaws ne-frosts emisha, futhi lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, lihlale libukhali , ngezinye izikhathi imimoya esindayo. Konke lokhu akuzona izimo ezijwayele kakhulu zemithi yezithelo eziseningizimu, kepha "uFranz Joseph" yenziwa ngezimo ezinjalo zezulu. 
Ngezindinganiso ezikhona, "uFrancis" usathathwa ukubhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-frost resistance resistance, kusukela muva nje kunezinhlobonhlobo zama cherry amnandi angakhula kakhulu enyakatho.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo zasebusika ezinamakha ama-cherry amnandi yiLeningradskaya Roza, Heart, kanye nommeli wase-Estonia ophilayo, u-Meelika.
Kule ndaba, uma usukhulile ubusika obusika, izitshalo ezincane zincoma kakhulu ukufaka ubusika phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala yokuphila, futhi futhi, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, unakekele ukulungiselela umhlabathi we-frost (ukuthambisa okunzima okungenani okungenani okungama-40 cm nobuningi obuningi bomjikelezo oseduze ukuvimbela ukukhuphuka kwamanzi).
Kuye kwaphawula ukuthi kakade ekushiseni okungezansi -23 ° C ngaphezu kwesigamu seFranz Joseph flower buds ifa, nakuba izinkuni ngokwazo zihlushwa iqhwa ngaphandle kokulimala. Kodwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kokubili i-trunk namagatsha ezinamahlumela kungabisa kancane.
Kukhona hybrid of cherries kanye cherry, okubizwa ngokuthi "cherry".
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo
Njengoba kwakushiwo, izithelo zika "Francis" zinomusa omuhle kakhulu futhi zinhle kakhulu ukusetshenziswa okusha (Ngenhlanhla, zihanjiswa kahle futhi zigcinwe). 
Kodwa inzuzo enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo (kanye namanye ama-cherry e-biggaro) ukuthi izithelo zawo zingasetshenziselwa ukwenza amakhemikhali amahle kanye nama-compotes, ngoba u-pulp wabo okhululekile awunqamuki ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okushisa, njengalabo abathandekayo be-guinea.
Uyazi? Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, igama elithi "cerasus" labizwa ngokuthi kokubili cherry ne-sweet cherry, kodwa okokuqala i-epithet "emuncu" yanezelwa egameni, kwelinye - "amnandi". NgesiNgisi, ngendlela, kusekhona ukudideka mayelana nalezi zithelo ezimbili. - bobabili basho igama elithi "cherry". Ngokuphathelene nama cherries, noma kunjalo, inkulumo ethi "cherry sweet" (okungukuthi, futhi, i-sweet cherry) isetshenziswa njalo, futhi lapho abantu bekhuluma ngama-cherries, bacacisa "ama-cherry tart" (okungukuthi, i-cherry, kodwa i-tart). Nokho, mhlawumbe inkinga ukuthi eMelika naseNgilandi i-sweet cherry - hhayi ukudla okunjalo okujwayelekile, njengaseNingizimu ye-Ukraine, ukuthi abantu abaqondi umehluko.
Izinhlobo ze-sweet cherry "uFranz Joseph" nazo zingomiswa. Lena indlela enhle yokubhekana nokuvuna okukhulu, futhi ungikholelwe, lezi zithelo azikho ngaphansi kokunambitheka kwezithelo zomisiwe nama-aprikothi omisiwe, kodwa lokhu kungcono kakhulu. Kodwa sebenzisa iseluleko: ukuze lapho ukuvuna yonke ijusi eliyigugu kungaphumeleli kwesithelo: itshe akufanele lisuswe ngaphambi, kodwa ngemuva kokumiswa. Engeza cherries omisiwe omisiwe kwikhekhe eliyintandokazi yakho - futhi labo abazenzelayo bayokumangala ngokugcoba okusha nokungajwayelekile. 
Funda indlela yokomisa ama-oranges, ama-plums, amagilebhisi, ama-strawberries, ama-currants, ama-apula, amapheya, ama-cranberries, ama-blueberries, ama-rosehip, i-dogwood.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Kusukela ngenhla incazelo eningiliziwe enhlobonhlobo yezinhlobonhlobo, umuntu angafingqa izinzuzo eziyinhloko kanye nokungalungile kwe-cherry ka-Franz Josef enhle.
Izinzuzo
- Umkhiqizo ophezulu.
- Ukuthutha okuhle kakhulu (cishe i-reference).
- Isikhathi sokuqala sokuqala kwe-fruiting.
- Ukunambitheka okuphezulu nokubukeka izimfanelo zezithelo, kunalokho ubukhulu obukhulu.
- Insimu ebanzi ekusetshenzisweni kokuvuna - ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, kanye nokusetshenziswa njengezikhala.
- Ukuphakama okukhulu kweqhwa kwezitho zemifino.
I-Cons
- Isilinganiso se-hardiness sasebusika (asifanele ukukhula ezindaweni ezibandayo).
- Ukubekezelelana ngokuphansi kwesomiso.
- Izinga lokugcina isilinganiso sezithelo.
- With izinkomba ezifanayo zokuthutha, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezinkulu-fruited.
- Ngesikhathi semvula isikhathi eside ngesikhathi se-fruiting, ama-cherries amnandi athathwe ukubola okumpunga futhi kuphahlazeka.
- Awukwazi ukuzakhela impova.
- Ukuvuthwa okunomsoco ngokulinganayo (isigamu sesibili sikaJuni).
"UFranz Joseph" ungumuthi we-cherry omnandi, okuyinto okufanele uhlanyelwe esakhiweni sakho uma uhlala enyakatho yesifunda saseVolgograd saseRussia noma iCzech Republic eYurophu. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele futhi okulula futhi kube khona omakhelwane bokuvundisa, lezi zihlobo ezihlukahlukeneyo zizokujabulisa uma kungenjalo kakhulu, kodwa ukuvuna okuvuthiwe kakhulu futhi okuhlwabusayo, okungaphezu kwalokho ongasindisa kalula njengezikhala kuze kufike ubusika.
