Phakathi kwezitshalo ezikhona zasendlini ukuhlangabezana nommeleli we-Japanese archipelago akulula kakhulu. Ekhanyayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlobo ezinjalo ezikude ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo zesiqhingi sase-island azikwazanga ukunqoba umlimi wasekhaya futhi zizuze ukuthandwa. Nokho, kukhona okuhlukile. Omunye walabo abamele umndeni wakwa-Araliev - uFatsia. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka ukuthi lesi sitshalo siyini ngempela, thola ukuthi imbali ye-fatsia iyini, nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani le nhlobo ngokufanele.
Incazelo ye-botanical
I-Fatsia ingokwezilwane ezijwayelekile ezidayiswayo ezifakiwe emndenini I-Araliaceae (Aralia). Iziqhingi zaseJapane zibhekwa njengendawo yokuhlala yemvelo, kanye neTaiwan nezindawo ezimbalwa zaseNingizimu Korea. UFatsia ubizwa ngegama lesiqhingi saseFatsi, ogama lakhe lisho ukuthi "ayisishiyagalombili" ekuhunyushweni, okubonisa ngokucacile ukuhlukaniswa kweqabunga lamagqabi ngezinhlobo ezingu-8.
Uyazi? Fatsia - kuyisihlobo esiseduze semifino yezokwelapha ezifana ne-ginseng.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwaba ama-cotyledons embryo kucacile: ama-cotyledons aphikisana ngqo. Lezi zinhlobo zimelela izitshalo ezinamafutha, okungokwemvelo ezingasondela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angaba ngu-4. Nokho, lokhu akukwenzeka ekhaya, kusukela ekamelweni likaFatsia ayidluli ngamamitha angu-1.5 ekuphakameni.
Kulokhu, i-lamina ububanzi ayifinyelele ngaphezu kuka-40 cm, futhi amaqabunga ngokwawo ahlelwe esihlahleni ngokulandelana okunye noma okuvuthayo futhi abe nokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amaqabunga anesimo esicacile esiseduze phezulu futhi ahlukaniswe, ngokwesilinganiso, angaba ngu-8 lobes, u-5-10 cm ububanzi ngamunye.
Funda ngezinhlobonhlobo zokunakekela ezinye izitshalo zasendlini: i-pahira, i-cicasso, i-peo, i-calceolaria, izambatho zegolide, i-pelargonium, amasheya, isihlahla sekhofi, izinkomo, i-araucaria, i-lantana, i-nepenthes, i-zhiryankoy, i-mandarin, kwesokunxele, i-violet, i-primula.
UFatsia ugcwele izimbali ngoNovemba. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-trunk igcwele izimbali ezincane futhi ezingenakwenzeka, umbala wazo ohluka kusuka ezimhlophe ezimhlophe kuya ophuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti ububanzi bungaba ngu-3 cm. Ukuhluma kwesitshalo kuhlotshaniswa amaqanda futhi kuhlukaniswe ama-5 amacembe.
Izimbali ziqoqwe ku-inflorescence isambulela. Ngemuva kwezimbali, ezimweni eziningi, izithelo ezingaba ngu-5 mm ngobukhulu zivela ku-fatsia, zibhekisela kumajikijolo angafaneleki.
Izinhlobo
Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zasendle nezifuywayo ze-Araliahs, hhayi abaningi abaye bazuza ukuthandwa kwangempela. Ezingavamile futhi ezingenakuqhathanisa ngobubanzi bethu, uhlobo lwabameli abavamile be-flora lase-Asia seluyisivimbela sangempela ekuphakanyisweni kukaFatsia phakathi kwabathandi bekhaya abathandi bezindlu.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlotshaniswa ne-Aralia ezifuywayo. Okokuqala, lo yiFatsia waseJapan noFatshedera Lisa, esizoxoxa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe kamuva.
IsiJapane
I-Fatsia Japanese - isitshalo esingummeleli we-genus. Lezi zinhlobo zisebenzise ngokuqinile endlini yokushisa yasekhaya iminyaka engu-200 edlule. Amaqabunga e-fatsia aseJapane afana nokubonakala komkhonto. IJapane ibhekwa njengendawo yokuhlala yemvelo.
Uyazi? I-Fatsia Japanese imele izitshalo ze-monotypic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezilodwa kuphela ku-nomenclature yama generic yale mbali.Lesi yisitshalo sazo zonke esinikezwa esitolo kumthengi, njengoba kunzima ukunakekela imbali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubukeka okuhlukile futhi okubonakalayo kwalesi sitshalo kuhlukanisa ngokucacile lesi sitshalo kunani elikhulu lezinhlobo zasendlini. Namuhla, abalimi baye baveza izinhlobo eziningana ze-fatsia:
- Argentei marginatis - i-shrub enhle kakhulu, isici esiyinhloko esivela kuyo umngcele omhlophe wamaqabunga.
- Aurei marginatis - shrub ekhaya, amaqabunga analo umbala obala obala.
- Moseri - enye yezitshalo ezinamathele kakhulu, ezihlukaniswa yi-branching encane ye-stem kanye nomthunzi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka wamaqabunga.
Kubalulekile! Ijusi le-Fatsia iJapane i-allergen eqinile, ngakho-ke abantu abane-hypersensitivity yesikhumba ngaphambi kokuba uqale lesi sitshalo ekhaya, kufanele uhlale uthintana nodokotela, futhi ukunakekela i-fatsii kufanele kwenzeke ngendlela ngayinye yokuvikela umzimba.
Fatshedera Lise
I-Fatshedera Lisa iyinhlobo ye-hybride ezivela emvelaphi, eyabonakala kuqala eFrance ngo-1912. I-hybrid yenziwe ngabazalwane uLiza ngesisekelo se-fatsiya yaseJapane evamile ne-ivy. Ngenxa yokuwela kwe-intergeneric, ababelethi bakwazi ukuthola ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele, okuyinto esakhiweni sayo kufana ne-ivy, ehlotshiswe ngamaqabunga nezimbali eziyingqayizivele ehlangothini lobuhle.
Ngemuva nje kweminyaka embalwa emva kokukhethwa kwamaFatshedera, uLisa waba esinye sezihlahla ezithandwayo zokuvolon. Ukukhuphuka kwemifino yaba yisitshalo esihle kakhulu sokuhlobisa ama-balcony namasimu, futhi futhi waba umlando omuhle kakhulu wokudala izingoma ezigqamile zomfula ngaphakathi.
Sakha izimo zokukhula
I-Fatsia yindlela engahloniphi izimo zemvelo: ukuze kutholakale indawo enhle yesitshalo, umsebenzi omkhulu ngeke kudingeke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni sezulu esifudumele, le mbali ingaba yisisombululo esihle kakhulu sokudala imibhede yemifino ethakazelisayo e-dacha. Kodwa-ke, ukulima kahle kwe-fatsia udinga ukwazi ezinye izici ezibalulekile, esizoxoxa ngazo kamuva.
Ukukhanyisa
UFatsia imbali ukuthi ibekezelela ngokubili ukukhanya kwelanga nokukhanya kwelanga, kodwa ukudala iphethini elihle kunazo zonke elibonakalayo leqabunga, kubalulekile ukuthi uqukathe isitshalo ngenani elanele lokukhanya. Kulokhu, ama-windowsills entshonalanga noma ohlangothini lwasempumalanga aphelele.
Efasitela engxenyeni esenyakatho yendlu, i-fatsia izokhula futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezikhethekile, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo kuzokwenzeka isikhathi eside kakhulu. Esikhathini esifudumele, ukushisa kwelanga emoyeni omusha wevolon noma ithala kuyoba usizo ku-fatsia.
Umswakama womoya nokushisa
Izitshalo uthanda amanzi ngisho nangaphezu kwabaningi abameleli bamahlathi ashisayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka nsuku zonke ukuba uchithe noma usule ngendwangu emanzi, ikakhulukazi emazingeni aphezulu okushisa. Ehlobo elishisayo isitshalo sinconywa ukuthi sibambe ishaja esivamile. Kodwa ebusika, inani lamanzi asetshenziselwa ukunisela liyancishiswa izikhathi eziningana, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emazingeni aphansi okushisa emoyeni.
Wonke amafatsyam adinga ukushisa kwemoya, okufana nendawo yokuhlala yemvelo. Kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekwindla, kufanele kube phakathi kuka -17 kuya ku-22 ° С. Ezikhathini zekwindla ezithe xaxa, i-fatsia izwa kahle nakwezinga lokushisa lokugumbana, kepha izimo ezinhle kakhulu zembali izoba izinga lokushisa lomoya ngaphezu kuka-10 ° C.
Ngezilwane ezinemibala enemibala yeqabunga lamaqabunga, izinga lokushisa akufanele liwele ngaphansi kwe-16 ° C.
Kubalulekile! Uma kwenzeka ubusika be-Fatsia ekamelweni lokushisa, kufanele linikeze umthombo wokukhanya owengeziwe. Isixazululo esihle kakhulu salokhu kungaba ama-fitolamps akhethekile.
Inhlabathi enamandla
U-Aralia uyathanda inhlabathi encane ye-asidi noma engathathi hlangothi. Futhi, amalungu omndeni akhula kahle kuma-hydroponics, kodwa umthetho oyinhloko we-substrate uphefumulele kakhulu. Ukuze sikhule isitshalo esinempilo, inhlabathi iqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo:
- ngokwesilinganiso se-2: 1: 1: 1 ebhodweni kumele kube inhlabathi ye-turf, ishlabathi, i-humus, i-peat substrate;
- inhlabathi elula, i-peat substrate, i-humus kanye nesihlabathi kufanele ibe yizingxenye ezilinganayo kuphela;
- ngokulinganisa 4: 2: 1 kufanele ibe inhlabathi, inhlabathi nesihlabathi.
Ukutshala nokuzalisa i-fatsy
UFatsia ekhaya ukhule ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngenxa yazo zonke izinhlobo ezikhona zokukhiqiza. Thola isitshalo esinesisitshalo esinesisitshalo esinesisitshalo esinezinhlanzi ngokutshala imbewu, ukuhlanganiswa noma ukusika. Cabanga ngalunye lwezibonelo ngokuningiliziwe.
Kusukela kumbewu
Khulisa i-fatsia embewu ekhaya ngaphansi kwamandla ngamunye. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngqo emhlabathini olungiselelwe ngaphambilini. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekujuleni okungaphezulu kuka-10 mm. Kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomoya elingaba ngu-18 ° C noma ngaphezulu kuze kuvele ukuvela.
Ngemva kokuba amaqabunga amabili okuqala avele ehlathini, izithombo zilungele ukufakelwa embizeni ehlukile. Amahlumela ahlezi kahle ku-1 piece ngehora ngalinye, emva kwalokho isitsha sigcinwe endaweni ekhanyayo futhi efudumele, kodwa ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile.
Lapho ukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zokuhluma kangcono kwembewu noma ukufakwa kwe-cuttings, ukusetshenzwa kwezimpande kusetshenziselwa: "Kornevin", "Kornerost", "Heteroauxin", "Epin extra", "Chunky", "Etamon".
Kusuka ku-cuttings
UFentsia ukuhlanganiswa kwenzeka ngokusizwa amahlumela amancane. Kulokhu entwasahlobo, i-cuttings inqunywa kusuka phezulu kwembali. Ukusika okuphelile kuhlala e-substrate ekhethekile esekelwe esihlabathini kanye ne-peat, emva kwalokho isitsha kufanele sihlanganiswe esikhwameni seplastiki ukuze senze izimo zokushisa.
Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaba ngu-20-26 ° °, ama-cuttings athatha izimpande ngaphakathi kwesonto. Ngemuva kokuqothula, ukutshala izinto kulungele ukutshala ezimbizeni.
Kubalulekile! Lapho uhlanganiswa, isitshalo sidinga umoya omusha: ngenhloso yalokhu, kunconywa ukuba uqhube ngaphakathi ngaphakathi esikhwameni seplastiki ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Ukusuka kokubeka
Uma ama-aesthetics embali efuna okuhle, ungakwazi ukuvuselela imbali ngosizo lwama-air layouts. Ngentwasahlobo, imbobo engajulile yenziwa phezu kwesiqu se-fatsia, esimbozwe nge-sphagnum moss, esasifakwe kwisisombululo esikhethekile.
Emva kwalokho, isakhiwo esakhiwe sihlanganiswe ngesikhwama seplastiki noma ifilimu. Ngokulondoloza njalo umswakama ophezulu, i-moss kakade emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kunezimpande zomhlaba. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, i-tip kanye nezimpande zilungele ukusika nokutshala ebhodweni elihlukile.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele
Izinqubo eziyinhloko ukuchelela okulungile, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni kwelanga eliqondile nokunye okunye.
Ukunisela nokuphalaza
Ehlobo, i-fatsia kufanele iphuze ngokushesha ngokushesha lapho umhlabathi uqala ukoma. Ezikhathini zasekwindla nasebusika, inani lokuchelela kufanele lihliswe kancane kancane, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-substrate ebhodweni ihlale imanzi.
Ukuntuleka komswakama kuphazamisa lesi sitshalo. Uma usomile inhlabathi okungenani kanye, uzothola imbali ngamagqabi aphansi, okungeke kube nzima ukuphakamisa. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokho ukuphuza ngokweqile kungalimaza isitshalo ngisho nokumelela. Kubalulekile ukuthi lesi sitshalo sitshalo sikwazi ukucacisa kahle indlela yegolide yokuphuza.
Umanyolo
Igumbi eliphezulu lokugqoka fatsiya kufanele kwenzeke masonto onke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amaminerali kanye neziqu eziphilayo, ukuzishintsha. Isitshalo sidinga izakhi ezengeziwe ekwindla, entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ebusika, kungcono ukushiya ukugqoka okuphezulu, kodwa futhi ehlobo, ngezinga eliphezulu lokushisa komoya, kunconywa ukuthi ukondle izakhi okungaphezu kwesisodwa ngenyanga.
Ukudubula
Ukudubula uFatsia kudluliselwa ngokuphelele. Izingxenye ezindala nezisindayo zinganqunyulwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kodwa ukwakheka kwesihlahla kungcono kakhulu ngesikhathi senhlanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, unqume amaqabunga engeziwe, izingxenye ze-trunk, futhi uma kunokwenzeka, udinga ukuchofoza iziqongo zamahlumela - lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kube nesibhakabhaka esihle futhi esihle.
Ukufakelwa
Uma izimpande zesitshalo ziboniswa emgodini wamanzi, lokhu kuyisignali enkulu ukuthi i-fatsia kufanele ifakwe kabusha. Le nqubo ingcono kakhulu entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kepha hhayi kaningi ngaphezu kweyodwa eminyakeni emithathu.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokho ibhodlela akumele libe likhulu khulu, njengoba kuzothinta izinga lokukhula lembali, ukubonakala kwalo. I-substrate kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela: enhlabathini elula yezilwane ezifuywayo, lesi sitshalo ngeke sithole izakhi ezidingekayo zokukhula okuhle.
Izinkinga ezinokwenzeka ekukhuleni
Nakuba i-fatsia iyizinhlobo ezingenakuzithoba, ezitshalweni zasekhaya ezitshala izihlahla zasendlini zingabhekana neziningi, kwezinye izimo nezinkinga ezingalindelekile. Njengoba ijusi lesi simila sinobuthi, konke okuhambisana nembali kufanele kwenziwe ngamagilavu evikelayo.
Kodwa ezimweni eziningi, izinkinga zesitshalo ziqala ngenxa yokunisela okungalungile. Ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama, ushiya omile futhi ugobile, futhi kusukela ekudleni kwesitshalo kuqala ukuqala.
Futhi, ukubola okwempunga, okwenzeka ngenkathi ebandayo ngenxa yokuchelela ngokweqile imbali, kungabuye kukhulule. Lesi sitshalo singasindiswa kulesi sifo kuphela ngokusika izingxenye ezithintekile, futhi ezimweni ezinzima kuzodingeka usebenzise i-agent ye-fungicidal.
Kubuye kubalulekile ukugcina izinambuzane ezinkulu, ngoba izinambuzane ezifana ne-whitefly, isikhumba sesicabucabu, isikhumba, i-aphid kanye nabanye baye bakhetha imbali. Ngenxa yentuthuko yabo, amaqabunga e-fatsia aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi, i-curl, nesitshalo sife.
Namuhla sihlolisise lokho uFatsia waseJapan esithombeni, yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingekayo ekhaya. Ukunakekelwa, uthando nokuziqhenya ekunciphiseni i-fatsia kuzokuvuza umnikazi wesitshalo ngezimbali ezicacile nezikhumbulekayo.
