Iris iyimbali enhle kakhulu, enhle futhi emangalisayo. Ukuhunyushwa kusuka kolimi lwesiGreki elithi "iris" kusho "u-rainbow" - yile ndlela ezikhathini zasendulo lo mbala owawubizwa ngokuthi yizinhlobo zawo ezihlukahlukene (okubalwa ngezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingu-700 kuya ku-800), amafomu okuqala kanye nobuningi bombala.
Incazelo
Iris iyisitshalo se-rhizomatous esetshenziswa njalo. Uhlelo lwempande lembali lukhona ngokujulile okujulile, futhi irises bearded ngokuvamile liphuma. Ukuphakama kwe-stem kungaba okungafani ngokuphelele: u-15 cm - isiqu se-iris encane, 200 cm - isiqu se-marsh iris.
Uyazi? Kuze kube yingxenye yesibili yekhulu le-XIX eRussia, irises yayinegama elihluke ngokuphelele - "iris". Futhi e-Ukraine basabizwa ngokuthi "ama-cockerels".
Inombolo yamagatsha we-peduncle incike kuhlobo lwezitshalo nezihlukahlukene. Izimbali ngokwazo zihlukaniswa nokudla kwazo okuyingqayizivele nesisa. Imbali iqukethe izingongolo eziyisithupha: izintambo ezintathu zangaphakathi zisekela phezulu ukuze zenze i-dome, futhi amaphethini angaphandle amathathu awela phansi. 
Iris petals zikhona ukuze uhlole ngamunye wabo ngokuningiliziwe. Isici esivelele sezinhlobonhlobo zezinyosi zalesi sitshalo kungukuba khona kwezinto ezilula, ezinamathele emagqumeni angaphandle, okubonakala sengathi afana nesilevu - ngakho-ke leli qembu lezimbali lithatha igama layo.
Izinhlobo ezidumile
Izinhlobo ze-irises zezinyosi zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu acabangela ukuphakama kwe-peduncle.
Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zama-irises engadini:
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-iris bearded zenziwa ngezithombe nezincazelo. Irises encane encane ephansi kakhulu, ubude babo abudluli uphawu lwama-37 cm. Basetshenziselwa ukuthungatha indawo, ngoba abafuni ukukhathalela futhi bakhule ngokushesha:
- "Amsterdam" - unezimbali zemibala ephuzi-zegolide ezinemibala emnyama. Qala ukuqhakaza ngo-Ephreli futhi kuphele ngo-Meyi. Ibanga elithi "Amsterdam" libukeka kahle engadini ye-stony noma ihlelwe eceleni kwemingcele.
- "Nain Lives" - amacembe angaphakathi anombala ophuzi obomvu, kanti izingaphandle zidwetshwe ngombala obomvu ogcwele ngokuxubana kwe-burgundy palette futhi ube nomngcele omhlophe obala futhi omhlophe. Ngaphansi kwezingxenye zangaphandle kukhona izindawo zegolide futhi kukhona uhlobo lwemibala emhlophe. Banephunga elimnandi kakhulu.
Ama-irises amade aphakathi sifinyelele ubude buka-70 cm. Batshalwe eceleni kwemingcele, babukeka kahle ezindaweni ezingenalutho:
- "Batik" - unezimbali zombala obomvu kanye nenhlanganisela yemifino eminingi emhlophe. Ubukhulu bembali ububanzi bufinyelela ku-15 cm. Binephunga elimnandi elimnandi. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zezulu, izifo nezinambuzane.
- "I-Arctic Age" - i-snow-white flower enezikhala ezivuthiwe. Iphelele ngokudala ingadi ye-monochrome.
- "Oregon Skye" - imbali ene-azure-blue, umbala we-wavy ne-vanilla iphunga.
Izinhlobonhlobo eziphezulu ze-irises zezinyosi zibhekwa njengezitshalo, ubude obude buhluka phakathi kuka-80-120 cm:
- "Burgomaster" - imbali iwubukhulu obuphakathi, imibala ye-orange-violet inqoba emaphethelweni we-petal yangaphandle, kanti isikhungo sinomsila obomvu ogcwele. I-lobes yangaphakathi inombala ophuzi ngombala obomhlophe-obomvu, eduze kwe-petal yi-streaks yombala we-lilac. Ubude bomuthi omdala buyi-80 cm. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zizwa kahle emithambekeni eningizimu naseningizimu-ntshonalanga.
- "Beverly Hills" - ahlukahlukene ezidumile kakhulu zisetshenziswa. Imbali iwubukhulu obuphakathi, umbala okhanyayo we-coral-pink, une-lace, njengokungathi intshe enobuthi enombala obomvu. I-Peduncle ikhula ubude ku-1 m, amaqabunga amancane, anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lesi sitshalo sizizwa sihle kakhulu lapho kukhanya khona ilanga, izindawo ezingenamoya, njengesibonelo - umthamo oseningizimu.
- "Arkady Raikin" - imbali enombala obomvu obomvu ohlotshaniswa ne-orange, ibonakala iyamangalisa futhi inomswakama oqhakazayo onamandla. Isikhathi sokumbali siphakathi.
- "Abagadi" - Isitshalo sine-inflorescence enkulu ephuzi ephuzi kuze kube ngu-15 cm ububanzi. It has a elimnandi iphunga.
Indawo yokukhula
Ngokukhetha indawo yokutshala ama-irises kumele kuhanjiswe ngokuziphendulela. Iris i-bearded idinga umhlabathi ongenakunyakaziswa noma owodwa ngamatshe nge-acidity neutral. Imbali ikhula kahle kakhulu endizeni elandelwayo futhi ithanda ilanga, ngoba inani lefihlekile lemifino efihlekile ngonyaka ozayo lithembele kuyo.
Indawo nokukhanyisa
Ukulima kwe-irises udinga ukuthola indawo enelanga, hhayi ukushaywa umoya nemidwebo. Izimbali eziningi zingakwazi ukubekezelela i-penumbra ekhanyayo emithini, kepha akumele itshalwe emthunzini wemithi, ngoba kulokhu umuntu akanakulindela ukukhululwa kwezinyawo. 
Uhlobo lomhlabathi
Ngokutshala, kuyadingeka ukukhetha isayithi ene-nutrient loamy inhlabathi ene-neutral noma i-acidity yenhlabathi encane. Isayithi kumele ibe ne-drainage enhle, ngoba irises ayikwazi ukumisa umswakama owedlulele.
Ukulungisa inhlabathi, qaphela ukwenza kube umanyolo ophilayo obolile. Ukwenza lula inhlabathi ibe yi-humus kungaba kuhle ukwengeza isihlabathi nomuthi wokhuni.
Imithetho yokutshala irises bearded
Ukuze uthole imbali yekhwalithi ye-bearded iris, eyokujabulela ubuhle bayo, ukutshala ngesikhathi esifanele nokunakekelwa kahle kwesitshalo ensimini kuyadingeka.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala nokutshala imbali kubhekwa njengesikhathi ngemva kokuqhakaza, khona-ke isitshalo siyokwakha izimpande ezintsha. Uma ubheka eduze i-rhizome, bese phansi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga ungabona ama-tubercles of umbala obala obala - lawa yi-rudiments yezimpande.
Lapho bekhula, bayobe bebuthakathaka futhi brittle. Ngakho-ke, ama-irises atshalwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokusila, noma ekwindla, lapho izimpande ziba yinkimbinkimbi futhi enzima.
Uyazi? Kusukela kuma-rhizomes we-iris flower, abantu baye bafunda ukwenza ama-iris, asetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yamakha ephezulu kakhulu.Ukucela ukuthi ungatshala kanjani iris bearded, abalimi abaningi banamathele impendulo efanayo. Uma utshala iris, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukucindezeleka okulula ngesikhukhula esincane.
Beka imbali kulesi sigodi, usakaze kahle izimpande, futhi, uhlanganise, uhlanganise nabo umhlaba. Izitshalo zeDelenki akufanele zikhule kakhulu, njengoba impande kufanele ifuthe ilanga.
I-material elungiselelwe ye-bearded iris, lapho itshalwe emhlabathini entwasahlobo, kufanele iphathwe ngokugqugquzela ukukhula. Uma i-rhizome ide kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukuyinqamula kancane, susa izindawo ezibolile futhi ugcine isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate cishe imizuzu engu-20.
Indlela yokunakekela izimbali
Ukuze iris ijabulise izimbali zayo isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukukhiqiza imisebenzi eminingi.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
I-bearded iris entwasahlobo idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Akusho ukuthi umsebenzi onzima, kufanele nje uqaphele kakhulu lapho uvula umhlabathi. Izimpande zembali ziseduze nomhlaba, futhi kufanele zithathwe ukuze zingalimazi.
Kubalulekile! Irises ayikwazi ukuqhakaza emhlabathini onobuthi! Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo sizoba namaqabunga amaningi aqinile, kodwa ngeke alahle amahlumela. Nciphisa inhlabathi kungenzeka ngokufaka u-ash, i-lime noma i-dolomite ufulawa.
Ukunisela
Ukuqoqwa kwamanzi nezakhi ezitholakala kwi-irises kwenzeka ohlelweni lwempande. Ngakho-ke, badinga ukuphuza kuphela ngesikhathi sehlobo emile nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza ukuze sikhulise.
Amaqabunga okutshani nezihlumela ezomile
Ngo-Agasti, amaqabunga aqala ukufa kancane, lokhu kungase kube yisibonakaliso sokuthi kudingekile ukwenza izihlahla zemvelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ususe ngokuphelele wonke amaqabunga omisiwe, unciphise konke okuyingxenye noma ingxenye yesithathu.
Ngale ndlela elula, ungagcina isitshalo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezifo, abathwali bawo abanamaqabunga endala kanye nezimbali ezinamantombazane.
Ngokuhlukile mayelana nokudla
Entwasahlobo
Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukondla entwasahlobo. Amakhomikhali e-Potash angasetshenziswa njengesisombululo ngaphansi kwezimpande ze-iris. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni amaqabunga bese ukwandisa ubukhulu bezimbali.
Kubalulekile! Kuvinjelwe ukondla lesi sitshalo ngesikhathi sezimbali.
Ehlobo
Ehlobo, lapho ama-stalks ama-flower eqhakaza, ungondla isitshalo nge-phosphate fertilizer - izoshukumisa ukukhula nokubunjwa kwe-inflorescences ngonyaka ozayo.
Ekwindla
Esikhathini sekwindla, imbali idinga ukuqoqwa kwe-carbohydrate e-soluble, futhi umthombo wayo yi-phosphate nama-fertilizer umquba.
Ukulungiselela izimbali ebusika
Uma ubusika obuvame kakhulu endaweni yakho, iris bearded idinga ukulungiswa kahle ebusika. Kule rhizome udinga ukumboza umcamelo wamaqabunga awile, amagatsha e-coniferous noma i-sawdust.
Izifo nezinambuzane ezikhona
Ukuvimbela yisitha esikhulu sezo zonke izinhlobo zezifo nezinambuzane. Ngokuhlanzwa ngesikhathi esifanele futhi kususwe ukhula, lesi sitshalo asinaki izifo ezihlukahlukene. Izifo ezivame kakhulu kwi-iris yilezi:
Ukususa amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic kuzosiza isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate. Uma ubeka impande yezitshalo imizuzu engu-30 kule nkinga, amabhaktheriya azofa. Izimpande zisakaza elangeni futhi zomile amahora angu-8, ziphendulela ama-rhizomes.
Lapho kunqotshwa ipuleti leshidi kudingekile ukupopha imbali 2 noma izikhathi ezintathu zeBordeaux ingxube.
