Umhlaba

Indlela yokukhipha amagciwane emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo

I-substrate ene-disinfected - isibambiso samahlumela aqinile futhi aphilile wezithombo. Ngakho, iphuzu lokuqala lokulungiselela imbewu yokuhlwanyela. Ukucubungula kungenziwa ngamasiko abantu noma sebenzisa amalungiselelo amakhemikhali noma ama-biological. Ukuze uthole ukuthi yikuphi ubuchwepheshe obufanele isayithi lakho, cabangela izindlela ezivame kakhulu, ezindleko nezindlela eziphumelelayo.

Kungani uyidinga?

Ukulima ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo kubalulekile ekuhlungeni imbewu kanye nokwakhiwa kwamandla abo. Ukuphila kwamahlumela kuthinteka ngokuqondile ikhono lamakhemikhali okudla okunomsoco ukungena ezifetheni zezitshalo. Uma ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic ehlala enhlabathini, ama-grains abanjwe kuwo ngeke akwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele, ngoba i-nematodes ehlukahlukene, i-mycelium, isikhunta nokubola kuzovimbela lokhu ukuthi kwenzeke. Lindela inqwaba yefruiting noma izimbali ezivela endaweni enjalo akufanelekile.

Uyazi? Inombolo yezincane ezincane ngaphakathi kwezipuni zasemhlabeni izikhathi ezingu-2 abantu emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukuze kuvikelwe izitshalo, abalimi abaningi bezimbali kanye nabalimi bemifino basebenzisa inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ethengiwe. Kodwa le ndlela idinga izimali ezibonakalayo futhi ayiqinisekisi ukungabi khona kwamagciwane we-pathogenic.

Indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu, abalimi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ushintsho lomhlaba wonyaka futhi luyibulala ngegazi ekhaya.

Izinketho zokukhipha amagciwane

Esigodini sabalimi kunezindlela eziningi. Abanye abanikazi bakhetha ukukhwabanisa, ukugcoba noma ukugcoba i-substrate, kanti abanye, bengathandi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi, ukuwahambisa ngamagciwane.

Ake sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe okulula kakhulu ukukhipha imishanguzo emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo kusuka ezintweni ezingasetshenziswanga nezithengiwe.

Zijwayele ngemithetho yokukhuphula izithombo zika utamatisi, i-pepper, isitshalo seqanda, iklabishi, i-leek, i-zucchini, i-strawberries.

Ukuqhwayiza

Le ndlela ibhekwa njengento elula kakhulu futhi yonke. Ibhola lobumba ukuze izithombo zivunwe ekwindla. Ifakwa esikhwameni sesendwangu futhi senziwa ebusika ukuze iqhwa.

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi inhlabathi ihlale ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphansi cishe ngesonto, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezincane ngeke zife ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngemuva kokuqhwaza, i-substrate ifakwa ekushiseni izinsuku ezingu-7, elinde ukuvuswa kwezimpungushe zezinambuzane kanye nezinhlamvu zamokhula.

Khona-ke isikhwama sabuyiselwa emakhazeni. Uma ebusika kufudumele futhi ngaphandle kungaphansi kuka -15 ° C, kungcono ukusebenzisa ihrifi futhi ukwandise isikhathi seqhwa.

Kubalulekile! Ukuqhaqhazela kuyaphambene nalokho kuma-biohumus substrates, ngoba izincane ezincane eziwusizo kanye nezakhi zizofa ngesikhathi senqubo yokucwilisa.

Abaningi ngenetha lokuphepha benza i-frozen kathathu. Kodwa ngale ndlela akunakwenzeka ukuba ususe ama-pathogens aselephuzile.

Ukubala

Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukushisa i-substrate kuze kufike izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okuzokwenza likwazi ukuzisusa izifo. Ekuqaleni, inhlanganisela yomhlaba ithululelwa emgodini futhi ithulule amanzi amancane abilayo.

Khona-ke, lapho okuqukethwe kulesi sitsha kuhlile kancane, kuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele futhi kufakwe ebhodini lokubhaka ngendlala kuze kufike ku-5 cm. Emva kokusebenza okusebenzayo, inhlabathi ingathunyelwa kuhhavini. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli ngokushisa, ngoba izimo ezishisayo kakhulu zenza ukuba i-nitrogen mineralized, ngenxa yalokho umhlabathi ulahlekelwa izakhi, kanti ezinye zazo azifinyeleleki ukutshala izintambo. Ngakapheli imizuzu engama-30, umhlaba udinga uketshelwa kuhhavini, ubeke isikhathi saso ku-90 ° C.

Kubalulekile! Kungakhathaliseki indlela yokucwiliswa kwenhlabathi, ekupheleni kwenkambiso kubalulekile ukuba ulale ebhodini elihlanzekile, elikhishwe ngamakhiloli.

Ukuqhuma

Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bokukhipha ama-disinferensi umhlaba ngenxa yezithombo kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, kodwa bunomoya obumnene, uma kuqhathaniswa nokubala okukhulu.

Inhlabathi ithululelwa esihlahleni esincane sensimbi, esabekwa esikhwameni sempahla. Ungenza okuphambene nalokhu: uthele inhlabathi esikhwameni bese uyibeka egridini. Bafaka ibhakede lamanzi emlilweni, baliyise emathunjini bese bebeka igridi ngomhlabathi phezulu. Qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi awapheli ngokuphelele. Ukucwenga kufanele kwenziwe ngamahora angu-1.5. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, landela ngokuqinile izincomo zenhlangano nokuziphatha kwamanzi okugezela, ungadluli umxube wensimbi kuwo. Uma kungenjalo, ungayitholi nje isilonda esilahlekile, kodwa ungekho konke okunomsoco futhi okuwusizo.

Yilokho abavakashile bavame ukukhononda ngakho, abaye basebenzisa le ndlela yokuchithwa kwe-disinfection. Abaningi, besaba inzalo engenakulungile futhi engafaneleki ingxube yezithombo, ngaphambi nje kokuhlwanyela imbewu injected yakhe yokugqoka.

Ama-biological agents

Uma ngokungafaki ukucwiliswa kwakho wanquma ukusebenzisa indlela yokuthengwa, qala uthathe isinqumo sokuthi ungakuhlakulela kanjani umhlaba nokuthi yini ozoyihlakulela: i-fungicides, inambuzane noma i-potassium permanganate.

Uyazi? Ukwenza u-2 cm wenhlabathi evundile, udinga ikhulu leminyaka.

Phakathi kwe-fungicides ephilayo ephumelelayo engaziwa - "Fitosporina", "Alirina B", "Trichodermina", "Extrasola", "Planriz", "Gliokladina" ne "Baikal EM-1". Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zidakamizwa zifaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwe-microflora enenzuzo futhi kunciphisa ukukhathala kusuka enhlabathini yokushisa nokushisa, lapho kutshalwa khona izitshalo ezifanayo ngonyaka.

Ngemuva kokwelashwa nge-biologics, ama-pathogens ayanyamalala enhlabathini, ubuthi lwe-iron ne-aluminium buyancipha, inani le-fluorine, i-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-magnesium liyanda.

Izazi ze-agrochemists zihlukaniswe nohlu oluningi lwemithi ephumelelayo "i-Trichodermin". Iqukethe i-mycelium ye-fungal Trichoderma lignorum, engavumeli ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesibeletho nezinye izifo eziphilayo.

Isixazululo sokusebenza silungisiwe ngesilinganiso se-1 g yesisindo ngasinye 1 l amanzi. Ukuphalaza kwenziwa, ukuhlola izinyathelo zokuphepha kwabo, kuphela kusuka ebhodleleni le-spray. Abanye abalimi benza ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezolimo ezinjengezinqubo ezijwayelekile "zomkhulu". Zihlanganisa ukufafaza inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ephekwe nge-tincture kagalikhi, lwesinaphi noma i-calendula.

Kubalulekile! Ungalokothi upheliswe ngamafutha nge-potassium permanganate sod-podzolic acidic inhlabathi, ngoba lesi sidakamizwa sizosiza ekwandiseni i-oxidation.

Amakhemikhali

Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali anamandla kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu lapho izindlela ze-agrotechnical ne-biological zingenamandla.

Imithi ethandwa kakhulu kuleli qembu i-potassium permanganate, ekulungele ukukhipha imishanguzo ye-sod-carbonate ne-chernozem inhlabathi. Isixazululo sokusebenza silungiswa kusukela ekubalweni kuka-3 g wezinto eziphilayo ngebhakede lamanzi. Kudingeka bawaze ngokujulile umhlaba ophekiwe. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, le ndlela ifanele izithombo zokugcina nezithombo zokugcina kuphela ngokuhlanganiswa namanye amakhemikhali anobuthi: Aktara, Thunder, Inta-Vir, ne-Iskra.

Kukholelwa ukuthi lapho ulungisa umhlabathi nge-potassium permanganate, ama-pathogens ayafa kuphela ezindaweni eziphezulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufafaza i-sulphate yethusi (50 g / 10 l) izinsuku ezingu-15 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo.

Uma uhlela ukutshala izitshalo ezibhekene ne-fusarium, i-gray gray kanye ne-sclerotinia, kuyadingeka ukuyibulala imithi nge-"Iprodion". Isidakamizwa simane sixubane ne-substrate noma sihlakazekile eduze kwe-greenhouse.

Uyazi? 2I-7% yesikhwama sezwe somhlabathi omnyama itholakala e-Ukraine.

I-powder ye-bleaching yenza kakhulu, ibulala amagciwane amaningi. Ukungabi nalutho ukuthi izitshalo eziningi zithinta kabi i-chlorine ephilayo. Ngenxa yokungasebenzi ngokushisa kwe-greenhouse, izazi ze-agronomists zeluleka ukwethula ama-formalin amabili amasonto ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo.

Ukuze ulungise isisombululo sokusebenza, kubalulekile ukuchitha u-40 g wezinto eziklasini lamanzi, bese uthele ingxube ebhaketheni lamanzi. Isidakamizwa sinconywa ukuthi sisebenzise izitshalo ezisengozini kumnyama. Ngemuva kokucubungula, qiniseka ukumboza umhlabathi ngefolda, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3 ususe futhi ugobe ngokuphelele ukushisa. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphuma kwe-formalin kuphuma futhi kungabhubhisi izitshalo.

Ngoba ukungcola kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo nakho kufanelekile kwamakhemikhali fungicide "TMTD", engasetshenziswa esimweni esomile nasekumisweni.

Hlola uhlu lwezidakamizwa ezizosiza kuwe ukunakekelwa kwensimu: "PhytoDoctor", "Ecosil", "Nemabakt", "Shining-1", "Nurell D", "Oksihom", "Actofit", "i-Ordan", i- " "Fufanon".

Ungashintsha kanjani i-acidity yenhlabathi

Yakha izimo ezihle zezithombo ngokulungisa i-acidity yenhlabathi. Phela, akuyona imfihlo kunoma ubani ukuthi imvelo enamandla ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwezinambuzane. Cabanga ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokunciphisa nokwandisa i-pH yokuphendula.

Ukukhuthaza

Amanani we-pH aphakeme (kusuka ku-amayunithi angu-7 kuya ku-8.5) akhombisa isisekelo se-alkaline. Ngakho-ke, uma izinhlelo - ukutshala izitshalo zemifino, okuyizona ezikhethwa kakhulu enhlabathini encane, uzodinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezandisa ukwanda kwe-asidi.

Uyazi? Inqubo yokwenza amahora angu-24 avela ensimini kungathatha u-5 cm wezingqimba ezivundile zomhlaba.

Okudumile kuyindlela yokusebenzisa i-citric acid. Kwanele ukuqothula izipuni ezimbili zezinto ezikulo ibhakede lamanzi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungasebenzisa i-oxalic acid noma i-aple cider uviniga.

Umhlabathi ukhululeka ngokukhululekile phezu kwesisombululo esilungisiwe. Ezimweni zokungasebenzi nge-greenhouse ngayinye yemitha yendawo, kuzothathwa amalitha ayisishiyagalombili kagesi. Abanye abalimi bayelulekwa ukuba bandise i-acidity yomhlaba ngesulfure ne-peat. Abanye ngaleyo njongo bathululela i-electrolyte yebhethri.

Downgrade

Ukuze iklabishi, i-asparagus, ukhukhamba kanye nezinye izitshalo ezikhula kahle endaweni e-alkali, ingxube ye-acidified kufanele ifafazwe ngefuzz eyaziwayo noma i-dolomite, i-plaster endala. Ngisho noswakama lwamasimali kufanelekile lokhu. Akunakwenzeka ukukhetha kuzo zonke izinhlobonhlobo ezihlongozwayo ezithembeke kakhulu futhi ezingenabungozi ezingxenyeni zomsoco ze-substrate.

Ochwepheshe baxwayisa okokuqala ukuthi basebenzise izindlela ze-agrotechnical, kodwa uma bengenamandla, bathatha izinto eziphilayo futhi kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu amalungiselelo amakhemikhali.

Into esemqoka akukona nje kuphela ukuqeda izinambuzane eziyingozi nezinambuzane, kepha futhi hhayi ukubhubhisa microflora izakhi, ukucebisa it.