IVerbena isitshalo esidala noma seminyaka yonke esivela emndenini wakwaVerbena. Izwe lakubo yiNingizimu Melika, ukusuka lapho lesi sitshalo sasakazekela khona kulo lonke i-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Imbali ethanda ukushisa ezweni lethu iyatshalwa njengonyaka. Ithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi, futhi futhi isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha. IVerbena itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama "igazi leMercury", "utshani bensimbi", "izinyembezi zikaJuno." Imbozwe ngehele eliyimfihlakalo, abaningi kangaka bahlobana nesitshalo ngokuqothuka okukhethekile. UVerbena uthathwa njengomqaphi wendlu, ingcebo nokuzwa.
Incazelo yeBotanical
IVerbena ingotshani noma isihlahlana esinezimbali eziqinile, ezinamagatsha aqhakaza izigaxa ezihlume kakhulu engxenyeni engenhla. Ukuphakama kwamahlumela kungaba ngamamitha angama-0,5-1,5. Izibunji ezibushelelezi zimbozwe ngesikhumba eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imvamisa zihlala ziqondile, kepha kukhona nendawo yokuhlala.
Amaqabunga amafushane aphikisanayo akhula cishe nabo bonke ubude bez amahlumela. Banesimo sokusaqanda esinemiphetho eyenziwe nge-serated noma ye-dissected. Umbala wamahlamvu uyahlukahluka kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani okuluhlaza okotshani. Inqwaba emfishane iyabonakala endaweni evuvukile phakathi kwemithambo.
Kakade ngoJulayi, ama-panicrate aminyene noma ama-inflorescence e-corymbose akhiwa eziqongweni zeziqu. Ngayinye iqukethe ama-30-50 efihlekile, evula ithuba. Ama-corollas amancane ama-blade amahlanu anobubanzi obuyi-15-25 mm apendwe ngombala omhlophe, ophuzi, opinki, obomvu, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-lilac. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinamaphara anemibala emibili nezimbali zemibala ehlukene ku-inflorescence eyodwa. Isikhathi sezimbali uqobo sude kakhulu. Iyaqhubeka kuze kubanda.
Ngemuva kokuvunda, izithelo ziyavuthwa - amantongomane amisiwe ngenhlabathi yomnqumo noma okhanyayo onsundu. Ukuvuthwa, ahlukane kube izingxenye ezine futhi akhulule imbewu encane ende ende yombala ompunga okhanyayo.
Izinhlobo zeVerbena
Uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-verbena luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200. Kodwa-ke, ambalwa kuphela awo asetshenziswa engadini. Okuthandwayo kunikezwa ezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid zokuhlobisa.
I-Verbena officinalis. I-herbaceous perennial enezimbali ezikhule kahle ezingena shí enhlabathini. Amahlumela Ground ikhula 30-60 cm ukuphakama. Ngakwesokudla, i-tetrahedral stem kancane i-pubescent eduze kobuso. Amacembe aphikisanayo afushane asondele emhlabathini anezimpaphe, ezidwetshiwe ezinamazinyo amakhulu, afiphele emaphethelweni. Eduze naphezulu, ipuleti lamaqabunga liba eliqinile ngokwengeziwe, futhi i-petioles inyamalale. Izimbali ezincane ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence amancane e-panicrate. Ziqhakaza eziqongweni zamahlumela anegatsha nakuma-axils amaqabunga. I-corolla ekhanyayo eyisibhakabhaka noma onsomi ephethe ishubhu cylindrical iphuma endebeni enamazinyo enwele. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ngoJuni-Julayi. Ngo-Agasti-Septhemba, izintambo ezilinganayo noma ezivundile ezinombala onsundu noma onsundu ziyavela.
UVerbena Buenos Aires. I-herbaceous perennial ihlukaniswa nge-high (kufika ku-120 cm), kodwa ihlumela elincanyana. Amagatsha aqinile esiqu sawo phezulu, futhi phansi embozwe ngamaqabunga amade we-lanceolate anemiphetho enamaserya. Kusukela maphakathi nehlobo, izimbali eziminyene eziqhakaza izimbali ziyaqhakaza. Ziqukethe izimbali eziningi ezincane zeshubhu ezinamaphara ayi-5 amethyst anemibala. Kusukela maphakathi no-Septhemba, izithelo ziyavuthwa.
I-Verbena bonar. Isihlahla esinezindebe eziqondile esingu-100-120 cm mude esivamile ekuhlobiseni izimbali. Izimpande ezibuthakathaka ze-emerald openworkhlamvu ziphela ngezambulela eziminyene ezinezimbali ezincane ezinsomi.
I-Verbena ulamula. Isihlahla esimnandi esingamaphiko sikhula sibe ngu-1.5-2 m ukuphakama. Iziqu zawo zomnqumo ezi-brown-brown zimbozwe ngamaqabunga amaqabunga e-lanceolate aphelele aluhlaza okotshani. Lapho usuhlikihla amaqabunga, iphunga elimnandi elinamanothi kasawolintshi, iminti kanye nolamula. Emajumeni amaqabunga apical ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, kuvela ama-inflorescence amancane amise okomhluzi we-pinkish-lilac hue.
IVerbena yi-hybrid. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izinhlobo zensimu nezakhiwo eziphezulu zokuhlobisa. Nazi ezinye zazo:
- I-Amethyst - izimila ezingaba ngu-30 cm izimbali eziphakeme ezimnyama;
- I-Crystal - amahlumela aqhakaze ngokuqinile afinyelela ku-25 cm ukuphela okuphezulu nama-inflorescence amhlophe qhwa anekhulu (enobubanzi obungama-6,5 cm) ama-corollas;
- I-Etna - isihlahla esifinyelela ku-0.5 m ukuphakeme simbozwe ngamahlamvu emerald openwork, isivele isiqhakaza ngoMeyi ngezimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo ngamehlo amhlophe;
- I-Cardinal - i-compact shrub shrub engama-40 cm amade ngama-inflorescence aminyene anama-corollas abomvu.
- Iqembu elincane elihlukile nelidumile yi-ampel verbena. Ihlukahluka ngeziqu, ezinendawo yokuhlala, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukutshala izimbali zezimbali namabhodwe. Izinhlobo:
- Isithombe - amahlumela amancane aguqukayo afinyelela ku-0.5 m ubude ehlobo ambozwe ama-inflorescence we-hemispherical violet-purple;
- INyanga yoMfula - iziqu ezinamagatsha aqhakaza zakha isihlahla esiyindilinga, futhi izinhlangothi zazo zilinganiswa endaweni yokuqhakaza izimbali. Ehlobo, umqhele umbozwe ama-inflorescence amakhulu e-lavender.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
IVerbena ingasakazwa ngembewu nokusikwa. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kuvame kakhulu, ngoba izingadi eziningi ezifuywayo zihlobisa minyaka yonke. Izithombo zikhulwe kuqala ezinhlanyelweni, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukubona ama-inflorescence aqhakazile ngaphambili. Izitshalo zikhiqizwa ngoMashi, emabhokisini anesihlabathi nomhlabathi we-peat. Okokuqala, imbewu ifakwe izinsuku ezingama-1-3 emanzini afudumele. IBonard Verbena idinga ukubanda okubandayo esiqandisini izinsuku ezingama-5-6. Ngemuva kwalokho imbewu itshalwa kumuntu ojule ngo-5 mm, oswakanyiswe futhi embozwe ifilimu.
I-greenhouse igcinwa emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-18 ... + 20 ° C futhi ekukhanyeni okukhona. I-Condensate kufanele isuswe nsuku zonke futhi ifafazwe. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwamasonto angama-3-4. Ngemuva kwalokho, ibhokisi liyiswa endaweni epholile. Ngemuva kwenyanga, izithombo zingenelwa emabhodweni ngamanye bese zidliswa ngomanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen. Ngemuva kokuzivumelanisa nezimo, nciza izitshalo ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwegatsha Izithombo zeVerbena zidinga ukutshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile lapho kusungulwa isimo sezulu esifudumele.
Izinhlobo ezihlobisa kakhulu futhi ezibalulekile zisakazwa ukusikwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekwindla, isihlahla sikamama siyakumbiwa bese sidluliselwa egumbini elinamazinga okushisa aphansi, kepha apholile. Entwasahlobo, ukusikwa kusikwa eziqongweni zezihlumela. Ngamunye kufanele abe namabhuzu amaqabunga ayi-4-6. Ukusikwa okuphansi kwenziwa kude kwe-1 cm ukusuka esizeni. Kusale kuphela amaqabunga aphezulu emacembe, bese kuthi amanye asuswe ngokuphelele. Amahlumela atshalwe ezimbizeni ezinomhlabathi we-perlite noma we-sand-peat ukuya ekujuleni okungaba yi-1 cm (kuya ezinso zokuqala). Izitshalo ziyaniselwa futhi zimbozwe ngesaka ukuze zilondoloze umswakama ophezulu. Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, izimpande ziyavela futhi nezinso ziqala ukukhula. Ukutshala okusikiwe emhlabathini ovulekile kuhlelwa ngoMeyi-Juni.
Ukunakekelwa kweVerbena
Amabhasi aseVerbena atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ekupheleni kukaMeyi, nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Bayakwazi ngisho nokumelana namaqhwa aze afike ku-3 ° C, kodwa isikhathi esifushane. Indawo enhle yesitshalo indawo enamanzi angaphandle akhanyiswe kahle. Ungasebenzisa indawo enemibala ngokwanele ngaphansi kombhede wezimbali.
IVerbena idinga inhlabathi evundile nekhululekile. Humus loam uzokwenza. Inhlabathi esindayo ibunjwe ngaphambili ngesihlabathi. Ukutshala kwenziwa nge-transshipment noma ndawonye ngamabhodwe we-peat. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo licishe libe ngu-20 cm. Amabanga aphezulu adinga ibanga lama-25-30 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Phansi kwe-fossa yokufika, amatshe amatshe noma amatshe amatshe abekwa njengamanzi. Ukuzifaka ngokwako kwenziwa kangcono esimweni sezulu esinamafu noma lina. Uma kwezulu akulindelekile, izihlahla zitshalwa kusihlwa futhi ziniselwe kakhulu.
I-verbena encane idinga ukuthambisa njalo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuqina. Njengoba iminyaka ikhula, ukubekezelela isomiso kuyanda. Uma kungekho ukuna kwezulu, umhlaba umswakama kaningi futhi ezingxenyeni ezincane ze-ketshezi.
Umanyolo usetshenziswa izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngesizini. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amakhompiyutha we-potassium-phosphorus noma i-organic (kabili kaningi). Ukushiseka ngokweqile ngamondli akukufanele, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlumela azoqhakaza ngokuqinile, futhi ukuqhakaza kube buthakathaka.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, khulula inhlabathi eduze kwe-verbena bese ususa ukhula eduze kwezitshalo ezincane. Amahlumela abantu abadala ahlangabezana kahle nokhula ngokwawo. Iziqu zazo zikhula ngobubanzi futhi zakhe ukukhula okunotha lapho ezinye izitshalo zingakhululeki khona.
Ukuqhubeka nokuqhakaza, ama-inflorescence aqothulwe kufanele asikwe ngokushesha. Inqubo efanayo izosiza ukugwema ukuzilawula ngokwakho okungalawulwa. Iziqu nazo zingafinyezwa ngekota yobude, zinikeze amahlumela ukubukeka okuhle.
Njengoba i-verbena iyisitshalo esithanda ukushisa, ngeke ikwazi ukubusika endaweni evulekile. Ekwindla, kusikwa utshani obomile, bese kuthi indawo leyo bambe. Kusekupheleni kweningizimu yezwe kuphela lapho izihlahla zingagcinwa ngaphansi kongqimba olubanzi lwamahlamvu owomile. Iziqu zinqunywe kusengaphambili, zishiya ama-5-6 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. Uma izinhlobo ezikhulayo zikhule ezihlalweni zezimbali, zilethwa egumbini elipholile nelikhanyayo.
Izifo ze-Verbena empeleni azizimbi. Noma yephula ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, cishe ayihlushwa yizo. Ekushiseni okukhulu, noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokufakwa njalo kwenhlabathi kwenhlabathi, i-powdery isikhutha, ukubola kwezimpande, nezinye izifo zesikhunta ziyahluma. Izidakamizwa ezenziwa yisalfure noma iFundazole ziyonga kuzo. Ama-spider izimbuzane nama-aphid nazo angahlala esitshalweni, lapho izinambuzane zingasusa ngokushesha.
Izici eziwusizo
I-Verbena utshani iqukethe inani elikhulu lama-glycosides, ama-flavonoid, uwoyela obalulekile, amavithamini kanye nezinto zokulandela. Kuqoqwe, komiswe bese kusetshenziselwa ukulungisa ama-decoctions kanye nama-tinctures. Izidakamizwa zinomphumela we-choleretic, diaphoretic, disinfecting. Zisetshenziselwa ukulwa nomkhuhlane, ukucinana kwemisipha, umkhuhlane nokuvuvukala. Itiye elinama-sprigs ambalwa e-verbena lisiza ukubhekana nokukhathala, ubunzima bezinzwa, ukuqwasha, ukudangala kanye ne-hysteria. Ama-Lotions asetshenziselwa ukwelapha amathumba, i-eczema, imishayo, amaba. Isikhwama sotshani obomile emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka edlule sathwalwa ngabantu abasha ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo kanye nekhono lokufunda.
Ukuxhumanisa nokuthatha i-verbena ukukhulelwa. Grass ikhulisa ithoni yemisipha futhi ingadala ukuphathwa kabi kwesisu. Ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha. Futhi, ngokuqapha, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kufanele kube kubantu abathambekele kulwelwe.
Umklamo wezwe
Uhlaza okhanyayo wamaqabunga avulekile, lapho amakhanda wezimbali ezinamakha aphakama izinyanga eziningana, asebenza njengomhlobiso omnandi wensimu. I-Verbena isetshenziswa engadini yezimbali ehlanganisiwe, kanye nasekutsheni kwamaqembu eceleni kwendlela, izindonga nothango. Ungatyala izimbali ngeziqeshana zezimbali nezimbali zezimbali, uzihlobise ngamakhalkoni, amathala noma ama-verandas. Izinhlobo ze-Ampel zakha i-Cascade enhle. Vumela ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ngemibala ehlukene.
Embhedeni wezimbali, i-verbena ihlanganiswa nama-marigolds, i-asters, i-echinacea nezinhlamvu. Sebenzisa kuma-bouquets we-inflorescence akukufanele. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, amahlumela aqhakazile azoqala ukoma futhi awe.
