Imascot akuyona into entsha ezivinini zezwe; maduze nje lokhu kuhlukahluka kuzoguqula iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Ngesinye isikhathi, kwabangela isiyaluyalu phakathi kochwepheshe ngenxa yokuqhakaza okukhulu kakhulu, ukumelana nesithwathwa nokumelana nezifo. Okwamanje, akuyona izinhlobo zemfashini kunazo zonke, kepha kwesinye isikhathi idlala indima eqondile ekuzaleni, kudlulisa izimfanelo zayo ezinhle ekutshaleni izinhlobo ezintsha zamagilebhisi.
Umlando wokutshala kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi i-Talisman
I-Talisman - amagilebhisi ahlobene nezinhlobonhlobo zetafula, kungumphumela wesiphambano phakathi kososayensi basekhaya bezithelo zomvini uFrumoasa Albe (uBeauty Omhlophe) noDeight. Indawo umsuka we-hybrid yiNovocherkassk, indawo yokusebenzela i-All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture neWinemaking eqanjwe ngemuva J.I. Potapenko. Kusetshenziswa izinhlobonhlobo zeVostorg njenge "mzali" ophambili kulesi sikhungo, ngaphansi kokuholwa ngu-I.A. Kostrikin, izinhlobo eziningi ze-hybrid zakhiwa, ngokwesibonelo, u-Alex, Muscat Delight, uGold Don, uTamerlan, Timur, uTalisman, uSashenka nabanye.
Ngosizo lwamagilebhisi aseVortorg, umugqa ophelele we nzalo enezici kukho konke ukunambitheka watholwa
Zonke lezi nzalo zase zisetshenziswa ososayensi emsebenzini wokuzalela owalandela. Ngasikhathi sinye, enye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko eyaqinisekisa ukuphumelela kwayo yonke iminyaka eminingi yokusebenza yiTalisman. Okokuqala, waziveza njengomnikazi wokungazinzileli okuzinzile nokukhiqiza okuphezulu, kanye nophawu lokuthi unezithelo ezinkulu. Kwakungesisekelo seTalisman nokunye okutholwe kumagilebhisi weDelight lapho inqubekela phambili yaqala ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha nokusetshenziswa kwazo kabanzi engadini yama-amateur. Kuleminyaka emashumi ambalwa, Isikhungo sesakhe inani elikhulu lama-gridbrids etafuleni aqukethe izimfanelo eziphakeme zentengiso ezihlukile ekunambithekeni, umbala kanye nesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
I-Talisman ngokwayo yakhiqizwa ngo-1990, okungukuthi, vele iyisikhathi esidala ekutshaleni izingadi zezimboni nakwezolimo.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, wazitholela amanye amagama amaningi: Kesha-1, Kesha-Muscat, Super Kesha, njll., Ngakho-ke umlimi ongenalwazi angadideka kulokhu kuqondana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunombono wokuthi lawa akuzona iziphikiso nhlobo, futhi wonke amagama asohlwini ayabhekiswa, ahlangene ngezindlela ezifanayo, kepha nokho ezahlukahlukene.
I-mascot yathuthukiswa ngenxa yephrojekthi enkulu yesayensi okuhloswe ngayo ukuthola amafomu amagilebhisi angavimbeki etafuleni ngezithelo ezinkulu kakhulu ezimelana nesithwathwa nesifo. Ekuqhubekeni kwalo msebenzi, bekungenzeka ukuba kutholakale amajikijolo amakhulu anesisindo esifinyelela ku-20 g ngokunambitheka okungenakuchazeka kanye nokwethulwa okuhle kwamabhandishi. Kwakunokwenzeka ukufeza umgomo oyinhloko: ukwanda kwezifo nokuqothelwa ukumelana nesithwathwa kuleyo minyaka (kufika ku-25 ° C). I-talisman isasetshenziswa ekwaziseni izinhlobo ezintsha.
Kodwa-ke, izinhlobonhlobo zibuye zibe nezingqinamba ezithile ezibalulekile, esezakwazi ukudumaza abatshali abaningi, okokuqala - isidingo sokukhetha abathutha impova. Njengamanje, ukwanda kwesithakazelo ezinhlobonhlobo sekudlulile, ngoba kuye kwavela izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha ezingaphansi kweTalisman ngosayizi wamajikijolo futhi azinankinga ngokuya kokuvundiswa. Kodwa-ke, njengoba besho, "ihhashi elidala alonakalisi umsele", nasemsebenzini wokukhetha, lapho kufanele wazi wonke ama-nuances wokuziphatha, uTalisman, ngokusobala, akabhekene nokusula emsebenzini maduze.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi i-Talisman
Amagilebhisi angamaTalisman akhula ngesimo sesihlahla esikhulu, futhi inani lamahlumela athela izithelo lidlula i-3/4 yenani eliphelele lokukhula konyaka. Okungenani amahlumela amabili akhiwa kulowo nalowo; ngenani elikhudlwana labo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe i-fruiting ijwayelekile ukuze kuvikelwe ukwakheka kwamajikijolo amancane (uphizi). Inani lamehlo esihlahleni esidala ngasinye sinconywa ukuba silondolozwe kububanzi ukusuka kwezingama-24 kuye kwezingama-32.
Ngeshwa, akuwona wonke amahlathi angamelana nomthwalo onjalo, futhi amanye amaqhubu kufanele aqedwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi
Imascot ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ilethe isivuno sokuqala eminyakeni emibili ngemuva kokutshala isithombo sonyaka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibhulashi yokuqala ngonyaka olandelayo. Okusakazwa yizozimbili zokusika nokuxhunyelelwa. Umsuka wezinsika ususezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Adapula kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu, kufaka phakathi nehlobo elipholile lemvula. Ungesabi ubusika obujwayelekile baseCentral Russian, kepha izinga lokushisa ngu-25 mayelanaI-C isabucayi kuye, ngakho ezifundeni eziningi idinga indawo yokukhanyisa ebusika. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ikhuphule ukumelana nezifo eziyingozi kakhulu zesivini: isikhutha, i-grey bola ne-oidium.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziphakathi kokuqala: kuthatha izinyanga ezi-4 ukusuka ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula kuya ekuvuthweni kwamajikijolo okuqala, okungukuthi, amajikijolo avuthwa ezindaweni eziningi hhayi ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Azidingi ukususwa okuphuthumayo futhi zihlala kalula esihlahleni kuze kufike isithwathwa sokuqala, kanti ikhwalithi yamajikijolo ayonakalisi. Izinhlobonhlobo zivelisa kakhulu. Okubi kakhulu kuTalisman ukuthi iqukethe izimbali zobulili obubodwa kuphela: abesifazane. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola isivuno esijwayelekile eduzane, isihlahla sezithelo zomvini esinohlobo lwenduna ngokuqinisekile kufanele sitshalwe eduzane.
I-Kishmish - 342, i-Aleshenkin, i-Augustin zithathwa njengaba pollinators abalungile. Ngokwesimo esinjalo, izinga lokuvota eminyakeni ejwayelekile lingasondela ku-100%, kepha eminyakeni enezimo ezimbi zokuqhakaza kwezimbali kungakuhle ukuthi kwenziwe impova yokufakelwa eyengeziwe.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zeTalisman ngamaqoqo ayo amakhulu. Iqembu elijwayelekile linesisindo esilingana nekhilogremu. Eminyakeni ejwayelekile futhi ngokunakekelwa okuhle, amajikijolo agcwele ngamaqoqo obukhulu obuphakathi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala nezinhlobo ezikhululekile ezingaphezulu. Endabeni yokuvunda okujwayelekile, ukubukeka kwabo kusondele ku-conical. Ama-bunches namajikijolo agcinwa kahle ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Amajikijolo amaTalisman makhulu kakhulu, ukubukeka kwawo kuyinto okusaqanda, ubude bufinyelela ku-35 mm, ububanzi bungaphansi kancane. Isisindo sisuka ku-12 g kuya phezulu, kuze kufike ku-20 g. Umbala umhlophe, unephethini eliluhlaza okotshani. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okugcwele, ohlangothini olubheke elangeni, amajikijolo athela ngothile ophuzi. Umbala omhlophe ungokwemvelo ezinhlobonhlobo; awutholwa ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwe-wax.
Elangeni, amagilebhisi amhlophe aba ngama amber
I-pulp inomnandi, inokunambitheka kahle kwamagilebhisi, ngokuvuthwa okugcwele, kuzwakala iphunga elingafani nele-muscat. Ikhasi lincane, lapho lichithwa, amagilebhisi awazwakali. Okuqukethwe ushukela kuphezulu kakhulu, kusuka ku-17 kuye ku-24%, i-acidity ephelele ayiphezulu kune-8 g / l. Ngakho-ke, i-Talisman iyitafula lamagilebhisi asendaweni yonke: lingadliwa kokubili okusha futhi nokusebenza.
Uhlobo lomvini oluhlukahlukene Talisman
Ukuze unikeze ukubonakala kwenhloso kwezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi, udinga ukucabanga ngazo zonke izinzuzo nezithiyo ezibalulekile zombili iziqu namajikijolo, nesihlahla sisonke, ukuhlola izinkinga ezihambisana nokukhula kwamagilebhisi nokuthola isivuno esikhulu. Ngokusobala, ubuhle be-Talisman obungafinyeleleki bungaphezu kokubi okuhlobene. Izinzuzo eziphambili yilezi ezilandelayo:
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu nokuzinzile okuphelele;
- enezithelo ezinkulu kanye nesigaxa esikhulu samaqoqo;
- ukunambitheka okuhle ngephunga elithile le-muscat;
- ukungahambeki kalula;
- ukuphepha kwezitshalo zombili kwifomu elihlangene futhi esihlahleni isikhathi eside;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphakeme;
- ukuqagela okuncane kokuwohloka komzimba;
- ukubekelwa phansi kwezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu zokusika;
- amakhono aguquguqukayo aphezulu ezimweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene nezomhlabathi.
Isithiyo esibaluleke kunazo zonke, siphinda, isidingo sokufaka esikhundleni se-pollinators. Kepha kukhona abanye, ababalulekile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile (noma akunjalo?) Okubi kwezinhlobonhlobo zeTalism:
- ukuba khona kwezimbali zabesifazane kuphela, ezidinga ukuba khona kwezihlahla zomvini eziseduze ezinezimbali zesilisa noma impova yokufakelwa enobuthi;
- isidingo sokulinganisa isitshalo ngokususa inani elikhulu lama-inflorescence ngokweqile;
- ukuthambekela kokuhlanzeka kanye nama-hornets;
- isidingo sokuthenwa komvini isikhathi eside ngenxa yamandla amaningi okukhula amahlumela;
- isidingo sokuhlinzeka indawo enkulu yamandla nemishini yama trellises ahlala isikhathi eside ikakhulukazi.
Unqoba kanjani amaphutha ashiwo ngenhla, ukwahlulela umuntu ngamunye ophuza iwayini. Ngokusobala, ngokusebenzisa imizamo eyengeziwe nemizamo, izinkinga ezingenhla zixazululwa ngokuphelele. Vele, isayensi ayimi, izinhlobo ezintsha zivela minyaka yonke, kepha azikho izinkinga ngokuphelele kuze kube manje, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi zizokwazi ukuvela. Okwamanje, amateurs atshala izinhlobo zamaTalisman ezivinini zawo akafuni ukuwuqeda.
Ividiyo: Ukuvunwa kweMascot emithini
Izici zokutshala nokukhula kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi i-Talisman
Ngokuphathelene nobuchwepheshe bokutshala nokuzilungisa bamabhasi, iThelisman ayihlukile kakhulu ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamagilebhisi. Ezinye izici zihambisana nesilinganiso sokukhula okuphezulu kwamahlumela futhi - imvamisa - umthwalo ngokweqile wezithelo zawo. Izinhlobonhlobo zisatshalaliswa kalula ngokusika kwayo (ukuqothula kwezinkuni kusondele ku-90%), kepha iningi labathengisi beviniga bakholelwa ukuthi kungazuzisa kakhulu ukuyikhulisa ngokutshala izihlahla zezinye izinhlobo ngokhuni lwangesikhathi esidlule. Indawo enkulu ehlalwa yi-Talisman yamagilebhisi esihlahleni ngasinye futhi idinga amabanga amakhulu ukuya emahlathini angomakhelwane noma kwezinye izithombo zokutshala: kufanele okungenani ibe ngamamitha amathathu, futhi okungcono kube ngu-4.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlobonhlobo zingatshalwa kunoma yiziphi izimo zezimo zezulu, ukuthola isivuno esiphakeme, into esemqoka ukunikeza ama-bush inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokushisa nokukhanya kwelanga. Kungenxa yesisekelo salo mthetho ukuthi ukhethe indawo ozohlala kuyo. Cishe akukho phuzu ekuchazeni lapha ngemininingwane yonke inqubo yokutshala izithombo zomvini: esikhathini sethu, ukuthola impahla kulolu daba akunzima. Njengezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, i-Talisman izokhula kahle kunhlabathi ye-chernozem, kepha noma yikuphi okunye kufanelekile uma ilungiswe kahle futhi ivundiswa kahle.
Ubungako bomgodi wokutshala kungenzeka ungabi mkhulu kakhulu, kusuka ku-60 cm kuzo zonke ubukhulu, kepha yonke indawo ezungeze ukutshala okuzayo (amamitha ayi-2 000 ohlangothini ngalunye) kufanele ibunjiwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi ivundiswe ngokuphelele ngomanyolo, umlotha wokhuni kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi. Emhlabathini osindayo, ukudonswa kwamanzi kuyaphoqeleka emgodini, futhi ezindaweni eziwomileyo ipayipi lokunisela isihlahla lehliselwa phansi emgodini eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala yokuphila kwalo. Usuku lokutshala oluhamba phambili yingxenye yesibili ka-Ephreli, kepha eningizimu ungatshala ngo-Okthoba.
Ukunakekelwa kwezihlahla ezinezihlahla kuqukethe ukunisela, ukugqoka phezulu, izihlahla eziphoqelekile ezifanele nendawo yokuhlala elula ebusika. Ukunisela uTalisman udinga inala, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamajikijolo okukhulu. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi futhi ngaphandle kwentshiseko engadingekile: ikakhulukazi akufanelekile ukusebenzisa kabi umanyolo we-nitrogen. Kepha ungathela umlotha omningi ngaphansi kwezihlahla, lokhu kungenye yomanyolo ebaluleke kakhulu futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, engenangozi.
Zonke izitshalo ezinjengomlotha, namagilebhisi azifani
I-mascot imelana kakhulu nezifo zokukhunta, ngakho-ke, uma igcinwa kahle, idinga kuphela ukufafazwa ngezikhathi ezithile kusuka ku-isikhutha, i-oidium ne-grey bola.
Kufanele sibhekane ngqo nokudla iminyovu: ukubhubhisa izidleke nokulenga iziheyidi zushevu. Iheythi ingaba ngamanzi amnandi anamakhemikhali anobuthi axutshwe kuwo, kepha hhayi i-wasp kuphela ezofuna ukuphuza kule jar! Ngakho-ke ... Sivikela amahlumela avuthiwe ngamagridi, sichitha izidleke ze-wasp futhi sibekezelele ukulahleka okuthile.
Ngokuqondene nokuthenwa, lapha, impela, kulo ngalinye lamagilebhisi ahlukahlukene uhlelo lwawo luphezulu. Entwasahlobo, izihlahla kufanele zenziwe ekuseni kakhulu futhi zikhawulelwe ekususeni amahlumela afile futhi ngokusobala. Ehlobo, awudingi ukusindisa isikhathi sokweqa amahlumela amasha kanye nama-stepons amasha: lokhu kulula kakhulu ukwedlula ukwedlula amahlumela asevele enezimpawu. Ukuthena okuyinhloko ngaphambi kokukhambisa izihlahla ebusika. Okwe-Talisman, hhayi ukumane kunciphise, kodwa futhi nokuthena okungathí sina kokunconywa kunconywa: akukho ngaphezu kwe-7 amehlo asele kumahlumela. Ngemuva kwalokhu, imivini iyasuswa kwi-trellis futhi imbozwe ngezinto zokukhanya, okuhamba phambili kunazo zonke ngamagatsha we-spruce noma we-pine spruce. Udinga ukuhlehlisa izihlahla entwasahlobo, cishe phakathi - ukuphela kukaMashi, ngokuqala kwezinsuku zokuqala ezifudumele.
Ukubuyekezwa
Ngifuna ukwaba imibono yami ngokuqina kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene. Ngo-2004, isihlahla seTalisman sashiywa esizeni esidala, ngoba bekungenakwenzeka ukusisusa ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele. Ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, wonke amagilebhisi 'ayeshiswa' ngumhluzi, hhayi nje kuphela amahlumela, kodwa futhi kungekho namaqabunga. I-Talisman, elele phansi, ethunzini lamakhherubi amathathu amakhulu, yakwazi ukunikeza izixha ezimbalwa futhi yabukeka ingenasici ngokuphelele.
UNellie//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=397
Okunye ukubonwa okuthokozisayo ngokusho kweTalisman (mhlawumbe lokhu kuyindaba yami) - izinso zivuka ngesikhathi zicishe ziqhathaniswe nezinye izinhlobo, bese “ziqhulula” kancane. Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlobonhlobo zikhula kancane, amaTalisman "acasha" izinsuku eziningana, bese ihlumela ngokuqinile amahlumela anamasentimitha ayi-5.
"Kamyshanin"//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=397
Kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuze kube yiminyaka yesithathu kaSepthemba, lina lina cishe njalo. Izinhlobo eziningi zaqhekeka, azange zivuthwe kahle, azange ziqongelele ushukela. Ngokuphambene, i-Talisman (engahlaswanga yi-oidium) ayizange ivele nhlobo, maphakathi no-Septhemba yathola umoba omuhle - yathengisa kahle emakethe. Ama-drones okugcina bekufanele anqunywe ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zika-Okthoba - isithwathwa sokuqala saphoqwa kulo nyaka. Kwaphela cishe amasonto amabili ubesalala emakhabetheni esibondeni aze ayidle. Umvini uvuthwe ngokuphelele.
"USenchin"//www.vinograd777.ru/forum/showthread.php?t=289
Uhlobo lwe-hybrid lamagilebhisi iTalisman libonakaliswa ukunambitheka okuhle kwamajikijolo, isivuno esiningi futhi esihlala njalo, ukumelana okuhlangene kwezifo, izilokazane nesithwathwa. Inomdwebo owodwa kuphela: ngemuva kokutshala kuphela isihlahla seTalisman, akufanele ulinde ukuvuna, idinga umvolontiya. Uma imibandela yendawo ivumela ukutshala izihlahla eziningana zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene, uThelisman ngeke ayicasule inkosi yakhe.
