I-Muscat yamagilebhisi iRusbol: incazelo ehlukahlukene enezimpawu nokubuyekezwa

Amagilebhisi angenye yezilimo ezindala ezitshalwe umuntu. Abantu baqala ukulima iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha edlule. Ukuze uqhathanise, ukolweni watshalwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-7 edlule. Namuhla emhlabeni kunezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezingaba ngamashumi amabili. Ukukhetha kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu kangako akulula, ikakhulukazi uma nje unquma ukuqala i-viticulture. Ngenxa yezimpawu zayo, iRusball ihamba phambili njengogilebhisi wokuqala esizeni.

Umlando wemvelaphi yezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseRusbol

Imvamisa, izinhlobo ezintsha zamagilebhisi zivunwa esikhungweni esithile sokucwaninga. Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlobo ezintsha zilethwa ngabatshali abanolwazi. Kepha iRusball inomsuka oyingqayizivele wamazwe. Lokhu kwahlukahlukene kungumphumela womsebenzi ohlanganyelwe we-NIIIViV (Bulgaria) ne-Y.I. IPotapenko (Russia). IRusball yatholakala ngenxa yokuwela i-European-American hybridbrbr eyi-12-375 enhlobonhlobo ye-Overbearing. Ababhali bezinhlobonhlobo iqembu le-Russian-Bulgaria labososayensi: I-A.A. IKostrikin, L.A. Maistrenko, A.S. Skripnikova, I. Ivanov noV. Vylchev.

Izici zezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseRusbol

IRusbol ingumhluzi we-nutmeg osanda kuqala ukuvuthwa wamagilebhisi asetafuleni kanye nasesiswini. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku eziyi-115-125. Izimbali bisexual. IRusball isebenza njenge-pollinator yazo zonke izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezinesikhathi esifanayo sokuqhakaza.

Izithelo ezi-oval eziphuzi ze-Amber zinokunambitheka okumnandi kwe-musky. Ukuhlola ukunambitha amagilebhisi amasha amaphuzu angu-7.6, namagilebhisi omisiwe - 7.8. Uginindela ungumbala onamanzi. Amajikijolo esigaba sesine sokungabi nazimbewu, okungukuthi, ngeziqalo ezinkulu zembewu 40-60 mg. Imbewu eyinqaba yaseRusbol inikeza ukunambitheka okumnandi okuyingqayizivele kumagilebhisi omisiwe. Isisindo se-berry eyodwa singama-3-4 g. Imilenze yejikijolo maphakathi. Okuqukethwe ushukela - 19-21%, acidity - 5-8 g / l. Isikhumba mncane, sibonakala kancane lapho uluma amagilebhisi. Isisindo sesixha ngu-400-600 g, kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela ku-1.5 kg. Imvamisa i-inflorescence yokuqala emvinini ithola isisindo ekugcineni ifike ku-1 kg, elesibili - cishe ama-600 g, elesithathu - cishe ngama-400 g. Isixha sinoxhaxha ngokulingana noma ngesizotha ngokulinganayo, ngokuya ngomthunzi. Ngehlumela elilodwa isilinganiso samagilebhisi ayi-1.5-1.9. Ukuthwala nokuthengiseka kwezilimo kungumndilili, amajikijolo awagcinwanga isikhathi eside kangako, kepha ngenxa yembewu eyindilinga, izinhlobonhlobo azihlalwa ngokuthengisa. Isihlahla, lapho sitshalwe kwimpande yaso uqobo, siqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesibili. Izithelo zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okusha noma ukomiswa.

Ngaphansi kokukhanya okunjalo, ukungathandeki okuyinhloko kweRusbol kubonakala ngokusobala - imbewu eyinqaba

Amagilebhisi eMuscat abizwa ngokuthi izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezinambitheka uhlukile we-musky. Namuhla, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi leli yiqembu elidala kunazo zonke lezinhlobonhlobo, futhi amagilebhisi okuqala ayegodliwe yi-natimeg nje.

Isihlahla siphakathi nendawo, sisakazeka kahle ngokusikeka futhi sinokuhambisana okuhle nezimpande eziningi. Ukumelana neqhwa -25С °. IRusball izisungule njengonhlobo olungasifihli.

Igalari: ukubukeka kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi iRusbol

IRusbol inesivuno esiphakeme kakhulu, okumele silawulwe, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo konke kuzophela kungathandeki. Ngeke athwale isisindo sesilimo sakhe futhi aphule. Kuyadingeka ukususa amahlumela abuthakathaka ukuze uvuse amahlumela asele angathwala isisindo samaqhubu amaningi.

AmaRusbol ahlukahlukene anokumelana okuphakathi kwezifo zokukhunta, kufaka phakathi i-grey rot, i-mildew ne-oidium.

Izici zokutshala nezinhlobo ezikhulayo zamagilebhisi uRusbol

Isigaba sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu sokutshala kwamagilebhisi ukukhetha kwezinto zokutshala ezinempilo nezisebenzayo. Nazi ezinye zezici zesithombo ozidingayo okufanele uzikhokhele kuqala:

1. Uhlelo lwezimpande luyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yokusebenza kwezithombo. Izimpande ezintekenteke ziyisibonakaliso esiqinisekile sokuthi isitshalo sesivele sifile futhi kungenzeka ukuthi usikwazi ukusenza kabusha. Cela umthengisi ukuthi asuse ungqimba ophezulu kusuka ezimpandeni esisodwa ngesihlahla noma ngommese. Ngaphansi kodaka kufanele ubone isicubu esimhlophe, esiphilayo.
2. Ukuphunyuka nakho kufanele kube nokunwebeka. Yenza isikena esincane ngohlamvu lwemali noma umunwe ebhokisini. Ngaphansi kwegxolo elinsundu kufanele uthole ungqimba lwamaseli aphilayo aluhlaza.
3. Izinso kufanele zibe nokunwebeka ngokuthinta. Futhi, kusobala, izikali ezikuzo akufanele zixoshwe.

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshala izithombo, kufanele uthathe isinqumo sendawo yesivini. Amagilebhisi awakwazi ukubekezelela ukugcwala kwamanzi kwenhlabathi kanye ne-acidity ephezulu, ngakho-ke akufanele itshalwe ezindaweni ezinamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ebusweni. Khetha indawo evulekile, eshaywa kahle. Lokhu kuzonciphisa amathuba okutheleleka kwezifo zokukhunta ezikhula kahle emoyeni omswakama, ofudumele futhi omile. Kulokhu, awukwazi ukutshala amagilebhisi endaweni engenalutho. Uthanda umthunzi okhanyayo ovela ezihlahleni nezihlahla ezincane eziseduze kwakhe.

Manje udinga ukulungiselela izimbobo zokufika. Bumba izimbobo ngesilinganiso esingamasentimitha angama-30 nobubanzi obungama-45-60 cm.Ukusebenziseka kalula, ungasebenzisa umanyolo wokwemba komhlaba esikhundleni sefosholo. Hlanganisa umhlaba okhishwe nge-humus nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso 2: 1: 1.

I-algorithm yokutshala izithombo zomvini zaseRusball

1. Phansi komgodi, uthele u-10 cm wobumba olwandisiwe noma izitini eziphukile. Ukudonswa kwamanzi okunjalo kuzosiza ukubhekana nomswakama okweqile emhlabathini futhi kunikeze amagilebhisi nomoya owanele ukuphefumula izimpande.
2. Fafaza u-5 cm wamanzi enhlanganisweni yenhlabathi elungiselelwe.
3. Faka ngokucophelela isithombo emgodini. Indawo yokugoma kumele ibekwe endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-1-1,5 ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi. Gcwalisa umgodi ngomhlaba bese uchitha ngamanzi. Ibhakede elilodwa (10 l) lizovele lanele.
4. Ngemuva kokuba umhlabathi usulile, engeza umhlaba omningi kanye ne-tamp. Manje ama-microparticles enhlabathi anamathele kakhulu ezinweleni zezimpande, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izithombo zomhlabathi zizondla ngokuphelele.
5. Fafaza lesi yisithombo phezulu ngomhlaba okhululekile, usifihle ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwesixhaxha esincane.

Nakekela iRusball unyaka wonke

I-Rusball yizinhlobonhlobo ezingezona inzuzo, Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezidingekayo zobuchwepheshe bezolimo zisezingeni lemvelo: ukuthambisa, ukhula, umanyolo. Nisela isihlahla kanye kuphela ngeviki, kepha kakhulu: okungenani ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi ngesitshalo (10 l). Khumbula ukuthi amagilebhisi awawabekezeleli amanzi amile. Gcoba phakathi nonyaka njengokulandelayo:

1. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kwethulwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ama-buds aqhakaze. Ungafaka umquba ngale nhlanganisela elandelayo: ku-10 l wamanzi, chaza u-20 g we-superphosphate, 10 g we-ammonium nitrate no-5 g kasawoti we-potassium. Umthamo onjalo uzokwanela isihlahla esisodwa.
2. Nakulokhu, yondla amagilebhisi ngomxube onjalo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
3. Ngemuva kokuthi amajikijolo esethe, phinda ugqoke ngaphezulu, kepha manje khipha i-ammonium nitrate engxube yezakhi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-nitrogen izothuthukisa ukukhula kwemifino, futhi isitshalo ngeke sibe namandla okuthuthukisa izithelo.
4. Ngemuva kokutshala izithelo, amagilebhisi awusizo ukondla i-potassium. Lokhu kuzomsiza ukuthi asinde ebusika. Ngalezi zinhloso, sebenzisa isixazululo sikasawoti we-potassium, equkethe i-potassium efinyelela kuma-40%. Dissolve 20 g kasawoti we-potassium ku-10 l wamanzi. Lokhu kuzokwanela ukondla isitshalo esisodwa.
5. Njalo eminyakeni emithathu ekwindla, udinga ukufaka umanyolo esivinini ngomquba. Spread the Umanyolo ngokulingana ngaphezulu kobuso bomhlaba bese bambe emgodini wefosholo.

Ividiyo: Ukutshala kwamagilebhisi afanele

I-normalization yeRusbola ngama-band

URusball uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umlimi wokuzibulala. Umuntu uthola umuzwa wokuthi lesi sitshalo asicabangi nhlobo ngemiphumela lapho sibeka phansi ama-inflorescence. Lokhu kuholela ukulayisha ngokweqile esihlahleni ngesilimo, okunyusa isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo nemivini. Ngakho-ke, lapho kukhula iRusbola, kuyadingeka ukulawula inani lamahlumela namaqembu esihlahleni.

Okokuqala, kufanele uqonde ukuthi mangaki amajikijolo angondla ihlumela elilodwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, kufanelekile ukubala ukuthi amaqabunga angama-18-20 akwazi ukunikeza inani elanele lezakhamzimba ezingama-0,5 kg amajikijolo, okungukuthi, iqembu elilodwa eliphakathi neRusbola.

Lapho isihlahla singena esigabeni sezimbali, kuzocaca ukuthi yiziphi izithombo ezingekho. Kufanele zidilizwe ngokungenacala ukuze zingamoshi umsoco. Udinga ukukhipha amahlumela kanye nesithende, kuyilapho lesi sitshalo ngeke sithola ukulimala okubalulekile futhi isilonda sizophola ngokushesha.

Ngemuva kokuthi amagilebhisi asephelile, shiya iziqubu ezinkulu kunazo zonke, ususe ama-secateurs amancane athembisayo. Manje bheja isixha esisele, kunconyelwa futhi ukusika kancane, ususe amagatsha amancane.

Ividiyo: Ukushintshwa kwamagilebhisi

Ukuvikelwa kweRusbol ezifweni zokukhunta

Isitha esikhulu seRusbol izifo zomkhuhlane. Isikhunta se-Microscopic ngama-ejenti abangela i-grey bola, isikhutha ne-oidium. Ukuqubuka kwalezi zifo kwenzeka lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele futhi sinomswakama isikhathi eside. Kunamalungiselelo amaningi okubulala ukhunta enzelwe ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta. Kepha ukubikezela kusengaphambili ukuthi yimuphi umuthi nokuthi uzothinta kanjani uhlobo oluthile lwamagilebhisi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile cishe akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, namuhla, i-sulfate yethusi ihlala i-ejenti ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-antifungal.

Chitha ukwelashwa kwamagilebhisi kokuqala entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga isixazululo esingu-0.5% se-sulfate yethusi: chaza u-50 g we-vitriol ku-10 l wamanzi. Phinda ukwelashwa ekwindla, ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, kepha manje sebenzisa ikhambi elihlangene kakhudlwana: isixazululo se-3% sezithombo ezincane kanye nesisombululo se-5% sabantu abadala. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ama-300 kanye nama-500 g we-vitriol ngama-10 amalitha amanzi.

Ividiyo: Ungawacubungula kanjani amagilebhisi nge-sulfate yethusi

Ukubuyekezwa mayelana nezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zaseRusball

Iyakhula esizeni sami endaweni yokuthi ilanga libonana kuphela ukusuka ngo-12 kuya ku-18-00, kepha ipovulwa ngokujwayelekile ... Ikhula ngoSepthemba 1, kepha inkinga ukuthi, akekho emndenini oyidlayo. Kufanele ngingeze ku-wort eBianca naseCrystal. Ngiyayigcina. ngenxa yeqoqo nje. Ngingahle ngaliphonsa kudala.

myron

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Lonyaka iRusball ayizange ibone ishiya amabhlogo ngemuva, yazigcwala ngokweqile kangangokuba yaqala ukusala ngemuva ekukhuleni ... kulo nyaka angizange ngibe nesibindi sokushiya konke, kubukeka kimi ukuthi yonke into ngeke idwetshwe

UMihey

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Kulo nyaka, iRusball ibiyimpumelelo yokubonga amaqabunga okubuya kwentwasahlobo nengxenye yesibili ehlobo esishisayo. Amabhulashi agcinwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-1.5. Iqoqo lonke likhulu, amajikijolo nawo ngeRusbola, kwakungekho mathambo. Ngefomu elomile, lokhu akubonakali, kepha uma kufakwa emakethe, kungcono impela kunezihlahla zomdiliya zaseTurkey. Kwakukhona isivuno sendodana yokutholwa, kepha ayizange ivuthwe, wasigcina ukuze umvini ungavuthi.

yukra

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IRusball yami ikhula ohlangothini olusempumalanga lwendlu, ayikaze igule, ayikaze iphephe, yazo zonke izinhlobo, ukhula lwenhlanganisela phambili luhamba phambili. Ngisho nangonyaka odlule, i-Delight ekhulayo eseduze yathinteka kakhulu yi-oidium. Kepha iRusball ayisho lutho. Ukwenziwa kwesikhwama esingaphansi komhlaba.

Petr Petrvich Nakonechny

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IRusball inazo zonke izimfanelo ezidingekayo ukuze ibe amagilebhisi okuqala otshala kwisiza sakho. Ukhiqiza izilimo kusenesikhathi, uthela izithelo kakhulu, umelana kahle nezifo. Okuwukuphela kokudonswa kwembewu imbewu eyinqaba, kepha kubaluleke kangakanani, wonke umuntu uyazinqumela.