I-Veles esemncane efaneleke kahle yasungulwa eMoscow for Muscovites. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokubuyekezwa kwabalimi, isimo sengqondo kuye siyinqaba. Kuyadingeka ukuqonda ngokuningiliziwe izici kanye nezici zaleli peya ukusiza umlimi ekukhetheni inhlobonhlobo yokutshala.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezimpawu zayo ezigcwele
Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene kwe-VSTISP (i-All-Russian Institute of Horticulture and Nursery). Kuhlanganiswe nerejista Yombuso ngonyaka we-2001 futhi yahlungwa esifundeni Esiphakathi. Kusatshalaliswa engadini yasekhaya yesifunda saseMoscow nezindawo ezingomakhelwane.
Inesihlahla esikhula kahle esiphakathi sino-drooping piramidi umqhele wobuningi obuphakathi. Ngeminyaka eyishumi, ukuphakama kwesihlahla kufinyelela kumamitha amane. Ukutholwa kumagilavu amakhulu kunalokho, kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phezu kwamahlumela amile wombala onsundu. Izinhlobonhlobo zinobunzima bezinkuni obusezingeni eliphakeme; ama-ovari abekezelela iqhwa kuze kufike ku-2 ° C. Abanye abalimi bathi ukuhlolwa kwe-hardness yasebusika yezinhlobonhlobo kuthathwa ngokweqile. Ukungabekezeleli kwesomiso okunganele. Ukumelana nezifo fungal kuphezulu. Izinga lokuvuthwa yiminyaka engama-5-7 ukusuka ngonyaka wokukhula kwenkulisa. Izithelo zivuthwa ekwindla cishe ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokuvamile ziqoqwa ngezigaba ezimbili. Ekuqaleni bahlukana nabakhulu kunabo bonke, ngezinsuku ezimbalwa - bonke abanye. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu, minyaka yonke. Isivuno esijwayelekile esivandeni sezimboni yi-126 c / ha. Ububi bezinhlobonhlobo ukuthambekela kokunquma izithelo ngezivuno eziningi.
Ekufikeni kweminyaka eyishumi, ukuphakama kwesihlahla sombala weVeles kufinyelela kumamitha amane
Izithelo zinesimo esijwayelekile, esibunjiwe njengeparele. Isisindo esijwayelekile singama-120 g. Isikhumba se-fetus sibushelelezi. Umbala - uphuzi okuphuzi, engxenyeni encane ebusweni be-fetus kukhona ukukhanya kwe-orange orange. Amaphoyinti angaphansi a mancane, aqaphelekile. Inyama eno-ayisikhilimu inesakhiwo esine-juicy, semi-oily futhi ezintekenteke. Ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu, okumuncu-okumnandi. Amaphuzu wokunambitha - amaphuzu angu-4.6. Izithelo ezinoshukela, zinezimfanelo eziphakeme zentengiso. Isiqandisi sigcinwa kuze kube maphakathi no-Novemba.
Izithelo zeparele le-Veles zivamile, zibanzi njenge-pear
Okunhlobonhlobo i-Veles iyazala ngokwengxenye. Abavoti abangaba khona: IVoskresenskaya enkulu, Just Maria, Chizhovskaya, Rogneda nabanye.
Ividiyo: I-Veles pearl
Ukutshala i-pearl ye-Veles
Ukuze ukhule ngempumelelo iparele, udinga ukudala i-microclimate enhle kuwo. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wokuqala obhekene nomgcini wegadi ukukhetha indawo engcono yokutshala. Indawo enjalo akufanele ibe manzi, igcwala amanzi aseduze komhlaba. Futhi izici ezingezinhle ziyi-duct nemimoya ebandayo yasenyakatho. Inketho engcono kakhulu yi-slope eseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga, enomgoqo womoya ngendlela yezihlahla ezisindayo, uthango noma udonga lwesakhiwo ukusuka ohlangothini olusenyakatho noma olusenyakatho-mpumalanga. Lapho zingekho, ungavikela isiza sokuqala ngqa okokuqala ngezihlangu zokhuni ezenziwe ngokukhethekile. Kungcono ukuthi upendwe mhlophe ngodaka luk lime - lokhu kuzokwakha umphumela okhanyayo wokukhanya kwelanga, kunikeze ukukhanya okwengeziwe nokushisa. Musa ukutshala eliphakathi kwe eduze nezihlahla noma uthango - ithunzi elimnyama kubo ngeke livumele isihlahla ukuqhakaza futhi sithele izithelo. Lapho ukutshala izihlahla zethanga leVeles, kufanele ubheke ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo okungenani zamamitha amane.
Lapho utshala izihlahla zezihlahla zethanga leVeles ngamaqembu, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele okungenani libe amamitha amane
I-pear ithanda inhlabathi exegayo, ekhanyayo nenamanzi. Ukusabela kufanele kungathathi hlangothi noma kube ne-acidic encane. Emhlabathini we-alkaline, ithini lamapheya liyagula futhi alikhuli kahle. I-pH kufanele ibe ku-5.5-6.0, 4.2-4.4 evunyelwe.
Iparele kufanele litshalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa selivele lincibilikile futhi inhlabathi isiqalile ukufudumala. Kulokhu, izinso akufanele zivuvukale okwamanje, akufanele kube nokugeleza kokuncipha. Kulokhu, umuthi omncane uzoba nesikhathi sokukhula kahle, uthole amandla futhi uqine ngaphambi kobusika. Kulesi simo, kuzoba lula kakhulu kuye ukuhambisa ubusika bokuqala.
Endabeni yokutshala izithombo ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe, izinsuku zokutshala azibalulekile. Ungatshala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba.
Ngo-Okthoba, izinkulisa ziqala ukumba izithombo bese zizithengisa. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho kwalulekwa khona ukuthi kuthengwe isithombo sembila ukuze kutshalwe intwasahlobo esizayo. Khetha umuthi onezimpande ezinhle, ezakhiwe kahle, lapho kungekho khona ukukhula nezigaxa. Amagxolo esiqu somthi kufanele abe nendawo eyisicaba, bushelelezi ngaphandle kokuqhekeka nomonakalo. Iminyaka engcono kakhulu yokutshala imbewu unyaka owodwa noma emibili. Kulokhu, izinga lokusinda liphezulu, ukungena kusizakalo kwenzeka ngaphambili.
Khetha umuthi onezimpande ezakhiwe kahle, lapho kungekho khona ukukhula nezigaxa
Ukuze isithombo sigcinwe ngokuphephile kuze kube sentwasahlobo, kufanele singcwatshwe emhlabathini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, pre-cwilisa izimpande zalo ku-mullein nobumba ngokufakwa kwamanzi. Ukuvikelwa okunjalo kuzovikela izimpande ukuthi zingoma. Ngemuva kwalokho, endaweni efanelekile, bmba umgodi omncane ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-25-35. Ubude bawo kufanele bube ngaphansi kancane kunokuphakama kwesithombo. Ingqimba yesihlabathi ithululelwa ngaphansi komgodi. Babeka izimpande zezithombo esihlabathini, nengaphezulu onqenqemeni lomgodi. Zigcwalisa izimpande ngesihlabathi futhi ziyinkcenkceshele. Lapho kufika amakhaza, umgodi ugcwala umhlaba uye phezulu. Kuphela kwesihloko somuthi esihlala ngaphezulu.
Izithombo zibekezelela ubusika kahle obembiwe engadini
Uma kukhona isitezi esingaphansi ngokushisa komoya esingu-0-5 ° C - ungasindisa ukhula kuso. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuhlinzeka indawo enomswakama ezimpandeni, ngokwesibonelo, uzibeke esihlabathini noma sawdust ne-moisten.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, lungiselela umgodi wokufika. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Endaweni ekhethiwe yokutshala, udinga ukumba umgodi obukhulu nobubanzi bamasentimitha angama-70-80. Kwenhlabathi enobumpofu, usayizi womgodi uyanda. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, umthamo wawo kufanele okungenani ube yimitha yobubanzi.
- Uma inhlabathi i-clayey, isindayo, kubalulekile ukubeka ungqimba lwamanzi amasentimitha ayi-10 cm obukhulu ezansi. Ingakha itshe elichotshoziwe, ubumba olwandisiwe noma isitini esaphukile. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, ungqimba lobumba kufanele lubekwe phansi ukuze lubambe amanzi.
- Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukulungiselela ingxube yezakhi nokugcwaliswa kwayo emgodini. Uma umgodi mncane - ungalungisa ingxube ngqo kuwo. Endabeni yevolumu enkulu, kuzoba lula ukwenza lokhu ebusweni esitsheni esithile noma kusixube. Umxube uqukethe i-chernozem, i-peat, i-humus nesihlabathi, ethathwe ngokulingana okulinganayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthululelwa amalitha ama-2-3 wamlotha wezinkuni, amagremu angama-300-400 we-superphosphate futhi axubekile. Umgodi udinga ukugcwaliswa phezulu.
Ingxube yezakhi ingalungiswa ngqo emgodini
- Ukuze kulondolozwe izakhamzimba, umgodi umbozwe ngento engavimbi manzi.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokutshala eliphakathi kwethanga
Entwasahlobo ngesikhathi, aqala ukufika. Ukuze wenze lokhu:
- Isithombo siyakhishwa futhi siyaqiniseka ngokuphepha kwako.
- Cwilisa izimpande ebhakedeni lamanzi, lapho kukongezwa khona ukukhula nokwenziwa kwezimpande (i-Epin, Heteroauxin, Kornevin, njll.).
- Ingxenye yenhlabathi iyasuswa maphakathi nomgodi wokutshala ukuze izimpande zesithombo zikwazi ukungena ngokukhululeka emgodini owakhiwe.
- Kuyathululelwa indunduma encane bese kuthi isigxobo sokhuni sibe ngamamitha ayi-1-1.3 ukuphakama ngaphezu kwenhlabathi yenhlabathi isikiwe ngamasentimitha ayi-10-15 ukusuka enkabeni.
- I-sapling ibekwa phezu kwendunduma, isabalalisa izimpande ngokucophelela.
I-sapling ibekwa phezu kwendunduma, isabalalisa izimpande ngokucophelela
- Bazalisa umgodi ngomhlaba ngokushaya ungqimba ngesendlalelo.
- Isiqu somuthi siboshwe kwisikhonkwane sisebenzisa into eqinile. Akunakwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye ukuchoboza amagxolo, ngoba lokhu kuzophazamisa ukuhamba kwe-sap.
Isiqu somuthi sihlanganiswe nesikhonkwane sisebenzisa izinto ezi-nokunwebeka
- Ububanzi bomgodi wokufika usebenzisa i-chopper noma i-ploskorez benza umbuthano wesiqu.
- Ukunisela kakhulu, ukuhlinzeka ngokuxhumana okuhle kwenhlabathi nohlelo lwezimpande.
- Ngemuva kokumiswa kwengqimba ephezulu, inhlabathi iyathukululwa futhi ifakwe ngotshani, umquba, amagatsha e-spruce, njll.
- Umqhubi osenkabeni we-yisithombo unqunywa waba ngamasentimitha angama-60-80, futhi amagatsha aze abe yingxenye yobude.
Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa
Kwanele kahle amasu ayisisekelo wobuchwepheshe bezolimo kwezitshalo zezithelo ukuze ukhule i-Veles pearl ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Ukunisela
I-pear kufanele iniselwe njalo, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni eyomile. Ngokuntuleka komswakama noma umsoco enhlabathini, izithelo ziba zincane futhi zingavele nje zidilike. Baqala ngokunisela iparele entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Ngokuzayo, izikhathi zokunisela kufanele zibe phakathi kwamasonto ayi-3-4. Izihlahla ezisencane ezinesistimu yezimpande ezibuthakathaka nezimpande ezingashoni zingadinga ukuthambisa kaningi. Ukujula kokuthambisa kumele kulawulwe - ngemuva kokunisela kufanele kube ngamasentimitha angama-25-30. Ngaphambi kokunisela, vikela isiqu somuthi ngesigxobo sobumba ekuxhumaneni ngqo namanzi. Lokhu kuzogwema ukuguga okungenzeka.
Ngaphambi kokunisela, vikela isiqu somuthi ngesigxobo sobumba ekuxhumaneni ngqo namanzi
Imibuthano ye-Trunk ngemuva kokumiswa kwenhlabathi kumele ikhululwe futhi imbozwe ungqimba lwe-mulch ngobukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-5- 10. Ngokuzayo, unganisela ngaphandle kokususa ungqimba lwe-mulching - ngakho inhlabathi izohlala umswakama isikhathi eside futhi ngeke idinge ukwehliswa okwengeziwe. Ngezikhathi ezithile, udinga ukubheka isimo se-mulch - singakwazi ukuqoqa ama-slgs, amagrafu nezinye izinambuzane. Kulokhu, kufanele ziqoqwe futhi zichithwe, inhlabathi kumele yomiswe, khona-ke umbobo lwezihlahla mulch kufanele lubuyiselwe endaweni yalo. Ekwindla sekwephuzile, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngokunkcenkceshelwa ngaphambi kokufika kobusika - kunomthelela ekunqandeni ubusika besitshalo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukutshala umgodi kungumthombo ophambili wokudla komuthi osemncane iminyaka emi-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala. Ngokuzayo, kuzodingeka okondlayo okwengeziwe.
Ithebula: Izinhlobo zomanyolo wamapheya, nini futhi kanjani ukondla
| Izinhlobo zomanyolo | Izinsuku nesikhathi sokuphakelwa | Izindlela zokusebenzisa kanye nomthamo |
| Izinto eziphilayo | ||
| Umquba, humus noma utshani Peat | Hlanza noma uwe njalo emva kweminyaka engama-3-4 | Ukumba emhlabathini lapho ugaya. Umthamo - 5-10 kg / m2. |
| Umanyolo wogebhezi | Lapho kuqala izithelo ngoJuni - Julayi minyaka yonke. Chitha ukondla okungu-3-4 ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-15-20. | Ukufakwa kwamalitha amabili ama-mullein kulungiswa kusengaphambili (futhi ungasebenzisa ilitha elilodwa lezithoni zezinyoni noma ama-5-7 kg otshani abasikiwe abasha) namalitha ayishumi amanzi. Faka izinsuku ezingama-5-7 endaweni efudumele, bese uyihlunga. Diliza ukufakwa okuhlanganisiwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 10 futhi unisele isitshalo ngesilinganiso sebhakede elilodwa kumitha skwele. |
| Umanyolo wamaminerali | ||
| Initrogen-equkethe (nitroammofosk, urea, ammonium nitrate) | Ntwasahlobo, njalo ngonyaka | Ukumba emhlabathini lapho ugaya. Umthamo - 20-30 g / m2. |
| I-potassium-aqukethe (i-potassium sulfate, i-potassium monophosphate) | Meyi - Juni, njalo ngonyaka | Cwilisa emanzini lapho uthambisa. Umthamo - 10-20 g / m2 |
| I-phosphorus-equkethe (i-superphosphate, i-superphosphate ephindwe kabili, i-supegro) | I-Autumn, njalo ngonyaka | Ukumba emhlabathini lapho ugaya. Umthamo - 20-30 g / m2. |
| Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi | Faka isicelo ukulandela imiyalo emiyalweni enamathiselwe. | |
Ukuncipha
Kunzima ukuthola isivuno esihle ngaphandle kobuningi bokuthena.
Ukwakhiwa komqhele
Kunconywa ukuthi kutholakale amaparele eVeles ukufaka ukwakheka komqhele njengesitsha esithuthukisiwe. Leli fomu lilungele izihlahla zokukhula okuphansi naphakathi. Inika umoya omncane futhi kukhanyise ivolumu yangaphakathi yomqhele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakekela isihlahla nokuvuna kuba lula kakhulu. Ukwakheka okunjalo kwenziwa kalula. Inqubo imi kanje:
- Kucatshangwa ukuthi isinyathelo sokuqala sokusika isithombo senziwa ngesikhathi sokutshala.
- Ngonyaka wesithathu wesithathu, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kokuncipha, isigaba sesibili sokubunjelwa senziwa. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukukhetha amagatsha ama-3-4 aqinile akhula ngezindlela ezihlukene futhi atholakala komunye nomunye kude le-15 cm amasentimitha. Lezi zingatsha zamathambo zesikhathi esizayo. Kufanele uzinciphise ngengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu, bese usika wonke amanye amagatsha "ngendandatho."
- Umqhubi wesikhungo esimaphakathi usikwa ngaphezu kwesisekelo segatsha elingaphezulu.
- Ngonyaka wesithathu nowesine ngemuva kokutshala, kwakhiwa amagatsha e-oda lesibili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, emagatsheni anamathambo, kukhethwa amagatsha amabili, atholwe ebangeni lamasentimitha angama-50-60 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Bafinyezwa ngu-50%. Onke amanye amagatsha akhule ku-skeletal asikwa "abe yindandatho."
- Ngokuzayo, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amagatsha ahlala ubude efanayo. Uma noma ngubani wabo eqala ukubusa, khona-ke uzothatha indima yomqhubi ophakathi, futhi lokhu akufanele kwenzeke.
Lapho wenza njengesitsha esithuthukisiwe, kufakwa umoya omncane kanye nokukhanyisa kwevolumu yangaphakathi yomqhele
Lungisa ukunqampuna
Kuqukethe ukuthi lapho kwenziwa, ukuqina komqhele kulawulwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usike ingxenye yamahlumela akhula ngaphakathi komqhele, udale izimo zokungena komoya okuhle nokukhanya. Lokhu kuthenwa kudingekile kuphela uma kunesidingo. Uma kunamagatsha akhula ngaphakathi komqhele, kepha awembuki futhi awagcini awomakhelwane, akufanele asikwe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, futhi banamagilavu lapho izithelo zikhula khona. Chitha lokhu kuthenwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Crop Support
Kuyadingeka ukugcina isivuno esizinzile. I-version eyenziwe lula ngokujaha amahlumela amancane aluhlaza, enziwa ehlobo ngokunciphisa ngama-5 cm amasentimitha. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukukhula kwe-annulus eyengeziwe lapho kubekwa khona izimbali. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho okwengeziwe basebenzisa indlela yokubuyisela esikhundleni amahlumela athela izithelo, akha amahlumela wokufaka esikhundleni ngohlobo lokwakheka kwamagilebhisi.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho basebenzisa indlela yokufaka esikhundleni amahlumela athela izithelo, akha amahlumela wokufaka esikhundleni ngohlobo lokwakheka kwamagilebhisi
Izihlahla zokuhlanzeka
Ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kwenziwa minyaka yonke ekwindla sekwephuzile ngokususa amagatsha owomile, onesifo futhi onakele. Uma kunesidingo, senziwa futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, uma ama-frostbite namagatsha aqhekekile enziwe ngenxa yobusika.
Imithetho Yezitshalo
Imithetho ethile kumele ilandelwe lapho kudwetshwa izinkuni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, esikhundleni senzuzo, isitshalo singalimala. Imithetho ilula futhi iqondile:
- Ungaqali ukusika uma ithuluzi lokusika (secateurs, delimbers, saws, knives) alilolwa.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, kuyadingeka ukwelapha ithuluzi ngesixazululo magciwane. Ungafaka isicelo:
- Isixazululo se-1% se-sulfate yethusi;
- 3% isisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide;
- utshwala, njll.
- Amagatsha wokusika awashiyi amafindo noma i-hemp. Lapho yomile, iyoba yisiphephelo sezifo zokukhunta.
- Amahlumela obukhulu obukhulu anqunywa kumaqhinga ambalwa.
- Zonke izigaba, ububanzi bazo ezingaphezulu kwamamilimitha ayishumi, kufanele zihlanzwe ngommese futhi zimbozwe ungqimba lwe-var var engadini.
Izifo nezinambuzane - izinhlobo eziphambili nezindlela zokulawula
Imilwelwe yezifo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokuhlasela kwezinkathazo kuvame ukucasula umlimi, onga ukugcinwa kokuhlanzeka nokuvimbela njalo.
Ukuvimbela
Kulula kakhulu ukuqeda umsebenzi olula wokuvimbela izifo nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane ngesikhathi esifanele kunokuba ubhekane nemiphumela yazo. Uhlu lwemisebenzi enjalo lincane:
- Njalo lapho kuwa, abalimi balungisa isiza. Kulokhu, udinga ukuqoqa wonke amahlamvu awile, ukhula, amagatsha, njll. Ku konke lokhu udoti izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene kungenzeka zifihle ubusika, ngakho-ke zidinga ukushiswa. Udoti onjalo akufanele usetshenziselwe ukwenza umquba.
- Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuqapha kwesimo samagxolo ezihlahla. Udinga ukuhlolwa. Uma imifantu itholakala, umonakalo kufanele uphiliswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usike imifantu ibe yigxolo elinempilo futhi (noma) izinkuni, phatha ngesixazululo esingu-1% se-sulfate yethusi bese umboza ngeendlalelo ze-var var engadini.
- Okulandelayo, gcoba iziqu kanye namagatsha wamathambo ngesixazululo se-lime ngokufakwa kwe-1% yethusi sulfate. Futhi ungafaka futhi upende wegadi okhethekile walokhu.Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuvikeleke ukushiswa yilanga kwamagxolo, futhi kudale nezithiyo ekuhambeni kwezilokazane.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, bamba inhlabathi yemibuthano eseduze kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinambuzane zobusika kuzo zizophakanyiselwa phezulu bese zithintwa ukuqala kwesithwathwa.
- Ngemuva kokumba, inhlabathi kanye nemiqhele yezihlahla kufafazwa ngesisombululo se-3% se-sulfate yethusi noma i-Bordeaux fluid. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukwelashwa kuyaphindwa. Mhlawumbe ukusetshenziswa kwesixazululo se-5% se-iron sulfate.
- Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi kungakuhle ukuthi uphathe umqhele kanye ne-trunk nge-DNOC ukuvikela zonke izifo ezaziwayo nezinambuzane. Ukuphathwa okunjalo kwenziwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu, futhi eminyakeni esele, kusetshenziswa iNitrafen.
- Ukuvimbela ukukhamba kwezinambuzane ezinambuzane emqhele ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kufanele kufakwe ibhande lokuzingela esiqwini sesihlahla ngasinye. Benza kusuka emphethweni wezinto zokuphahla, ifilimu eliwugqinsi, i-burlap, njll. Faka ibhande ekuphakameni kwamasentimitha angama-50-60 kusuka emhlabathini.
- Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, udinga ukuqala ukwelashwa okujwayelekile ngama-fungicides acashile ukuvikela izifo zesikhunta. Isikhathi sokulungiswa sinamaviki amabili kuya amathathu. Izidakamizwa ezihamba phambili nezihlolwe kakhulu yiChorus, Skor, Quadris, Strobi nezinye. Isidakamizwa ngasinye akufanele sisetshenziswe kaningi kathathu ngesizini. Ukhunta lujwayela umuthi futhi lungasebenzi.
Izifo ezingaba khona
Amapharele athinteka ikakhulukazi ezifweni fungal. Izindlela zokulawula, ukuvimba kanye nezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswayo zacishe zifane. Lezi ikakhulukazi isikhunta esikhonjiswe ngenhla.
Ithebula: Izifo ezinkulu ze-pear
| Lesi sifo | Indlela yokutheleleka | Izimpawu zokugula | Izici zempi |
| I-Moniliosis (ukushiswa kwezwe, ukushiswa kwezithelo) | Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izinyosi kanye nempova, faka izinhlamvu ze-pathogen | Izimbali, amaqabunga, amahlumela amasha ayaphela, abe mnyama. Le nto ibukeka njengokushiswa ngamakhemikhali noma okushisayo. Ehlobo, izithelo zithinteka ngokubola okungwevu. | Uma kutholakala izimpawu zalesi sifo, wonke amahlumela athintekayo kufanele anqunywe ngokushesha, ngenkathi kuthumba amasentimitha angama-20-30 enkuni ezinempilo. Izithelo ezithintekayo ziyavunwa futhi zichithwe. |
| I-Soot fungus | Imvamisa iba khona ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwe-aphid eliphakathi nendawo, okuyishukela okuyindawo yokuzalela ukhunta | Kuvela umucu omnyama ofana nse namaqabunga nezithelo. | Ukuvimbela ukhunta wensipho, ngokuyinhloko balwa nezintuthwane kuleyo ndawo, njengoba bephethe izinduna esihlahleni. |
| Isikali | Izinhlobo zesikhunta zingathwalwa ngumoya | Okokuqala, kuvela amabala anombala womnqumo emaqabungeni, bese asakazekela ezithombeni. Ezithelo, amabala ayaqina, isikhumba siqhekeke, inyama iba lukhuni futhi ingakufanele ukudla. | Izithelo namahlamvu athintekile ayasuswa futhi abhujiswe. |
Igalari Yezithombe: Izimpawu Zezinkinga Ezinkulu Zepharele
- Ehlobo, i-moniliosis ithinta izithelo zethanga ngokubola kwezithelo.
- Lapho iguliswa yisibazi, amabala omnqumo aqala ukubonakala emaqabungeni, bese asakazekela ezithelo
- Lapho kuthinteka isikhunta sombala, kuvela inhlanganisela emnyama emaqabungeni nasezitsheni zethanga, elifana nsepha
Cishe Izinambuzane
Izindlela zokuvimbela ezichazwe ngenhla zisebenza kakhulu ekulawuleni izinambuzane. Njengendlela eyinhloko yokusebenzisa izinambuzane, kusetshenziswa ama-insecticides, anjengoDecis, Fufanon, Spark, Spark Bio nabanye.
Ithebula: izinambuzane eziphambili zeparele
| Igama lezinambuzane | Iwela kanjani ekhasini eliphakathi | Izimpawu zokunqotshwa nomonakalo | Izici zempi |
| Bhungane | Amabhungane ngokuvamile ebusika enhlabathini yeziqu zezihlahla. Entwasahlobo yokuqala, lapho inhlabathi ifudumala, khasa ukhwele ukhwele. | Entwasahlobo ungathola amahlamvu aphuzi nezimbali, kudliwe ibhungane lembali. Kunzima ukubona ibhungane uqobo, ngoba lincane kakhulu futhi linamahloni. | Uma kutholakala izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinkube yezimbali ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ungaqoqa izinambuzane. Ekuseni kakhulu, lapho umoya ungakashisi, futhi izinga lokushisa lingakakhuphuki ngaphezu kuka-5,5 C, amabhungane ahlala anganyakazi emagatsheni. Ngalesi sikhathi, basakazeka endwangu noma kwifilimu ngaphambi kokusakazwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla. |
| Isundu | Izimvemvane zibekela amaqanda enhlabathini yeziqu zezihlahla. Amakhethini aqhekeka eqandeni lamaqanda, akhuphuka esihlahleni aze afike emqheleni wesihlahla. | Ukugibela ngaphakathi kwezithelo, lezi zibungu zidla onepulpiti. Ungabona ngokuba khona kwezimbobo ezincane ezimnyama ebusweni be-fetus lapho isibungu sikhwele ngaphakathi. | Lapho isibungu sesivele singaphakathi kwesibeletho, sekephuze kakhulu ukulwa. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezichazwe ngenhla kuphela ezisebenzayo. |
| Ama-aphid | Iqhutshwa yizintuthwane ezithanda ukudlela kuma-aphid amakha amnandi. | Njengomthetho, ama-aphid angabonakala ngaphezulu kwangaphakathi kwamaqabunga, nakumahlumela amancane. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, amaqabunga athintekile afakwa ku-tube. Uma ungalwi ne-aphid, kungadala ukulimala okukhulu kwisetshenziswa seqabunga sesitshalo. | Amahlamvu asongwe womaqabunga kufanele anqunywe futhi abhujiswe uma kungenzeka. |
Igalari yezithombe: Izilokazane eziphambili zeparele
- Amacimbi embovane ahlanganiswe emaqandeni aqhekeka esihlangwini bese angena ezithelo
- I-beetle yezimbali idla izimbali ezivela ngaphakathi
- Izintuthwane zithanda ukudla izidlo ezinamakha ze-aphid
Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga
Ngino-Veles emqheleni, kwakubanda kakhulu emuva kobusika bango-2005-2006 (ngalobo busika wonke amapharele aseSifundeni SaseMoscow asitholile), kepha manje konke sekuhlelekile (kubuyiselwe).
I-AndreyV, eMoscow
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=6273&start=1095
Isihlahla sami seVelesa siqhakaza ngo-2005-6. Ngemuva kuka-2010, yaqala ukuvela izingxenye. Ngo-1012 wakhushulwa, njengaye
I-Alina, isifunda saseMoscow
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=6273&start=1095
Eminyakeni yama-90s ngasekupheleni kuka-2000s, batshala kabili iVeles. Bayakhubeka. Lapho-ke ubusika bebunzima, uma ukhumbula. Akusekho mizamo eminingi eyenziwe.
ILyudmila62, eMoscow
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/176785/page-133
Sikhula i-Veles eliphakathi kwe. Ehlobo eledlule, sithole isivuno sokuqala. Ungafunda ngakho ngemininingwane esizeni esikhonjiswe yi-Amira-12, ubuyela ohlwini olukudeqo lomcibisholo. Silithandile iparele - elimnandi, elimnandi ngokulinganayo, elinoshukela. Sisenenkumbulo yeYakovlev, kepha ngiyithandile le.
ILara, eMoscow
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Ngineparele Veles - iminyaka eyi-6. Nyakenye bekuhlakazeke ngamapheya. Kulokhu - hhayi kakhulu, kepha kwakukhona ... Lokhu kungemva kobusika obunjalo nobunjalo. Ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi i-Veles ilungele kakhulu amadolobha, ebusika impela-Hardy.
ICampanula, Bronnitsy
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EBelarus uthathe ingane eneminyaka engu-2 ku-TSHA esuka eSusov eminyakeni engu-3 eyedlule, kwathi uVeles - oneminyaka engu-5 ubudala ngonyaka owedlule e-Biryulyovo. Bawumbile ngaphansi kwami, basonga izimpande ephephandabeni elimanzi futhi bagijimela ukusilima ... Alinywe ngamahora ayi-1-1,5 ... Kulelo hlobo linye lelohlobo, wanikeza izithelo eziningi. Ungasho ukuthi akukho makhasi abonakalayo. endaweni ethile nganginesithombe ... Ngokubukeka nokunambitha i-Veles ihambelana nencazelo.
ICampanula, Bronnitsy
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IVeles iyizinhlobonhlobo ezisheshayo, ngokusho komlobi wezinhlobonhlobo ze-Efimova. Ngabona izingane ezineminyaka emi-2 ubudala ezinezithelo esizeni sokulinga, noma ngabe kunamaparele angama-4-5, kodwa zazikhona.
Natka-malina, Khimki
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I-Pear Veles yathola ukusakazwa okubanzi nokuthandwa ngenxa yezimpawu zezentengiso zezithelo, nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Le nhlobonhlobo ibithanda kakhulu amaMuscovites kanye nabahlali besiFunda saseMoscow. Futhi yize abanye abalimi besho ukungavunyelwa yiqhwa okunganele, okunye ukubuyekezwa kusikisela okuhlukile. Futhi uma umlimi, othathe isinqumo sokutshala i-Veles pearl, umenzela izimo ezinhle - ngeke ahluleke futhi azothola ukuvuna okuhle kwezithelo ezimnandi nezihle.
